Amended IN Senate April 20, 2017 Amended IN Senate March 23, 2017 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20172018 REGULAR SESSION Senate Bill No. 802Introduced by Senator SkinnerFebruary 17, 2017 An act to add Section 38751 to the Vehicle Code, relating to autonomous vehicles. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTSB 802, as amended, Skinner. Autonomous vehicles: registration. advisory taskforce.Existing law establishes regulations for the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes, and requires an autonomous technology manufacturer to submit an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles before an autonomous vehicle is operated on a public road.This bill would direct the Office of Planning and Research to convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce on or before April 1, 2018, to review autonomous vehicle policies and provide recommendations to the Legislature. The bill would require the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to meet at least quarterly, include at least one member each from 6 specified state agencies, and include at least 2 public members, as specified. The bill would compel the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to provide recommendations to the Legislature, as specified, on or before January 1, 2019.Existing law establishes regulations for the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle being operated if the manufacturer meets prescribed requirements.Existing law prohibits a person from driving, moving, or leaving standing upon a highway, or in an offstreet public parking facility, a motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, pole or pipe dolly, or logging dolly, unless it is registered and the appropriate fees have been paid under the Vehicle Code or registered under the permanent trailer identification program, except as specified.This bill would make a level 4 or level 5 autonomous vehicle eligible for initial registration, or renewal or transfer of registration, by the department only if the vehicle is a zero-emission vehicle, as defined, that is programmed to optimize fuel efficiency, in order to meet Californias goals for zero-emission vehicle deployment and transportation electrification and to improve the stability and reliability of the states electricity grid. The bill would require the department adopt regulations to implement its provisions. The bill would make findings and declarations regarding autonomous vehicles and state efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as specified.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: YES Local Program: NO Bill TextThe people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 38751 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:38751. (a) On or before April 1, 2018, the Office of Planning and Research shall convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to review and advise the Legislature on policies pertaining to autonomous vehicles. The Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall meet at least quarterly, and shall include at least one member each from the following entities:(1) The State Air Resources Board.(2) The Office of Planning and Research.(3) The Strategic Growth Council.(4) The Transportation Agency.(5) The Department of Housing and Community Development.(6) The Department of Motor Vehicles.(7) The autonomous vehicle industry.(8) A public health or clean air advocacy organization.(b) On or before January 1, 2019, the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall offer recommendations to the Legislature regarding policies that maximize the environmental benefits and minimize the air pollution, traffic congestion, and land use impacts of autonomous vehicles, including recommendations regarding updates to statewide infrastructure planning efforts.SECTION 1.(a)Executive Order No. B-16-12 set a statewide goal of over 1.5 million zero-emission vehicles on California roads by 2025, representing an accelerating share of the market, with easy access to zero-emission vehicle infrastructure. Further, Senate Bill 1275 (Chapter 530, Statutes of 2014) called for one million zero-emission vehicles by January 1, 2023.(b)Executive Order No. B-32-15 requires the State Air Resources Board, the Department of Transportation, the Energy Commission, and the Governors Office of Business and Economic Development to develop an integrated action plan by July 2016 that establishes clear targets to improve freight efficiency, transition to zero-emission technologies, and increase competitiveness of Californias freight system.(c)Senate Bill 350 of the 201516 Regular Session (Chapter 547 of the Statutes of 2015) requires the State Air Resources Board to identify and adopt policies, rules, and regulations that remove regulatory disincentives preventing retail sellers and local publicly owned electric utilities from facilitating the achievement of greenhouse gas emission reductions in other sectors through increased investments in transportation electrification.(d)Senate Bill 350 also requires the Public Utilities Commission, in consultation with the State Air Resources Board and the Energy Commission, to direct electrical corporations to file applications for programs and investments to accelerate widespread transportation electrification.(e)Widespread transportation electrification is needed to achieve the goals of the Charge Ahead California Initiative (Chapter 8.5 (commencing with Section 44258) of Part 5 of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code) enacted by Senate Bill 1275 of the 201314 Regular Session (Chapter 530 of the Statutes of 2014).(f)Widespread transportation electrification requires increased access for disadvantaged communities, low- and moderate-income communities, and other consumers of zero-emission and near-zero-emission vehicles, and increased use of those vehicles in those communities and by other consumers to enhance air quality, lower greenhouse gases emissions, and promote overall benefits to those communities and other consumers.(g)Widespread transportation electrification should stimulate innovation and competition, enable consumer options in charging equipment and services, attract private capital investments, and create high-quality jobs for Californians, where technologically feasible.(h)Deploying electric vehicles should assist in grid management, integrating generation from eligible renewable energy resources, reducing costs for all ratepayers, reducing need for additional transmission infrastructure, and reducing fuel costs for vehicle drivers who charge in a manner consistent with electrical grid conditions.(i)Academic studies show that autonomous vehicles provide benefits to society if they are zero-emission vehicles, but have the ability to significantly increase emissions and vehicle miles traveled if they are not zero emission, or if they are not programmed to optimize fuel efficiency.(j)It is, therefore, the intent of the Legislature to ensure that all Level 4 and Level 5 autonomous vehicles registered for use in California are zero-emission vehicles, and that when operated autonomously, the vehicles are operated in a manner that optimizes fuel efficiency.SEC. 2.Section 38751 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:38751.(a)In order to meet Californias goals for zero-emission vehicle deployment and transportation electrification and to improve the stability and reliability of the states electricity grid, a Level 4 or Level 5 autonomous vehicle shall be eligible for initial registration, or renewal or transfer of registration, by the department under Division 3 (commencing with Section 4000) only if the vehicle is a zero-emission vehicle that is programmed to optimize fuel efficiency.(b)For purposes of this section, zero-emission vehicle means a battery electric vehicle or a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.(c)The department shall adopt any regulations necessary to implement this section.
Amended IN Senate April 20, 2017 Amended IN Senate March 23, 2017 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20172018 REGULAR SESSION Senate Bill No. 802Introduced by Senator SkinnerFebruary 17, 2017 An act to add Section 38751 to the Vehicle Code, relating to autonomous vehicles. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTSB 802, as amended, Skinner. Autonomous vehicles: registration. advisory taskforce.Existing law establishes regulations for the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes, and requires an autonomous technology manufacturer to submit an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles before an autonomous vehicle is operated on a public road.This bill would direct the Office of Planning and Research to convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce on or before April 1, 2018, to review autonomous vehicle policies and provide recommendations to the Legislature. The bill would require the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to meet at least quarterly, include at least one member each from 6 specified state agencies, and include at least 2 public members, as specified. The bill would compel the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to provide recommendations to the Legislature, as specified, on or before January 1, 2019.Existing law establishes regulations for the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle being operated if the manufacturer meets prescribed requirements.Existing law prohibits a person from driving, moving, or leaving standing upon a highway, or in an offstreet public parking facility, a motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, pole or pipe dolly, or logging dolly, unless it is registered and the appropriate fees have been paid under the Vehicle Code or registered under the permanent trailer identification program, except as specified.This bill would make a level 4 or level 5 autonomous vehicle eligible for initial registration, or renewal or transfer of registration, by the department only if the vehicle is a zero-emission vehicle, as defined, that is programmed to optimize fuel efficiency, in order to meet Californias goals for zero-emission vehicle deployment and transportation electrification and to improve the stability and reliability of the states electricity grid. The bill would require the department adopt regulations to implement its provisions. The bill would make findings and declarations regarding autonomous vehicles and state efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as specified.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: YES Local Program: NO
Amended IN Senate April 20, 2017 Amended IN Senate March 23, 2017
Amended IN Senate April 20, 2017
Amended IN Senate March 23, 2017
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20172018 REGULAR SESSION
Senate Bill No. 802
Introduced by Senator SkinnerFebruary 17, 2017
Introduced by Senator Skinner
February 17, 2017
An act to add Section 38751 to the Vehicle Code, relating to autonomous vehicles.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
## LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
SB 802, as amended, Skinner. Autonomous vehicles: registration. advisory taskforce.
Existing law establishes regulations for the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes, and requires an autonomous technology manufacturer to submit an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles before an autonomous vehicle is operated on a public road.This bill would direct the Office of Planning and Research to convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce on or before April 1, 2018, to review autonomous vehicle policies and provide recommendations to the Legislature. The bill would require the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to meet at least quarterly, include at least one member each from 6 specified state agencies, and include at least 2 public members, as specified. The bill would compel the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to provide recommendations to the Legislature, as specified, on or before January 1, 2019.Existing law establishes regulations for the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle being operated if the manufacturer meets prescribed requirements.Existing law prohibits a person from driving, moving, or leaving standing upon a highway, or in an offstreet public parking facility, a motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, pole or pipe dolly, or logging dolly, unless it is registered and the appropriate fees have been paid under the Vehicle Code or registered under the permanent trailer identification program, except as specified.This bill would make a level 4 or level 5 autonomous vehicle eligible for initial registration, or renewal or transfer of registration, by the department only if the vehicle is a zero-emission vehicle, as defined, that is programmed to optimize fuel efficiency, in order to meet Californias goals for zero-emission vehicle deployment and transportation electrification and to improve the stability and reliability of the states electricity grid. The bill would require the department adopt regulations to implement its provisions. The bill would make findings and declarations regarding autonomous vehicles and state efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as specified.
Existing law establishes regulations for the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes, and requires an autonomous technology manufacturer to submit an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles before an autonomous vehicle is operated on a public road.
This bill would direct the Office of Planning and Research to convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce on or before April 1, 2018, to review autonomous vehicle policies and provide recommendations to the Legislature. The bill would require the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to meet at least quarterly, include at least one member each from 6 specified state agencies, and include at least 2 public members, as specified. The bill would compel the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to provide recommendations to the Legislature, as specified, on or before January 1, 2019.
Existing law establishes regulations for the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle being operated if the manufacturer meets prescribed requirements.
Existing law prohibits a person from driving, moving, or leaving standing upon a highway, or in an offstreet public parking facility, a motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, pole or pipe dolly, or logging dolly, unless it is registered and the appropriate fees have been paid under the Vehicle Code or registered under the permanent trailer identification program, except as specified.
This bill would make a level 4 or level 5 autonomous vehicle eligible for initial registration, or renewal or transfer of registration, by the department only if the vehicle is a zero-emission vehicle, as defined, that is programmed to optimize fuel efficiency, in order to meet Californias goals for zero-emission vehicle deployment and transportation electrification and to improve the stability and reliability of the states electricity grid. The bill would require the department adopt regulations to implement its provisions. The bill would make findings and declarations regarding autonomous vehicles and state efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as specified.
## Digest Key
## Bill Text
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 38751 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:38751. (a) On or before April 1, 2018, the Office of Planning and Research shall convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to review and advise the Legislature on policies pertaining to autonomous vehicles. The Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall meet at least quarterly, and shall include at least one member each from the following entities:(1) The State Air Resources Board.(2) The Office of Planning and Research.(3) The Strategic Growth Council.(4) The Transportation Agency.(5) The Department of Housing and Community Development.(6) The Department of Motor Vehicles.(7) The autonomous vehicle industry.(8) A public health or clean air advocacy organization.(b) On or before January 1, 2019, the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall offer recommendations to the Legislature regarding policies that maximize the environmental benefits and minimize the air pollution, traffic congestion, and land use impacts of autonomous vehicles, including recommendations regarding updates to statewide infrastructure planning efforts.SECTION 1.(a)Executive Order No. B-16-12 set a statewide goal of over 1.5 million zero-emission vehicles on California roads by 2025, representing an accelerating share of the market, with easy access to zero-emission vehicle infrastructure. Further, Senate Bill 1275 (Chapter 530, Statutes of 2014) called for one million zero-emission vehicles by January 1, 2023.(b)Executive Order No. B-32-15 requires the State Air Resources Board, the Department of Transportation, the Energy Commission, and the Governors Office of Business and Economic Development to develop an integrated action plan by July 2016 that establishes clear targets to improve freight efficiency, transition to zero-emission technologies, and increase competitiveness of Californias freight system.(c)Senate Bill 350 of the 201516 Regular Session (Chapter 547 of the Statutes of 2015) requires the State Air Resources Board to identify and adopt policies, rules, and regulations that remove regulatory disincentives preventing retail sellers and local publicly owned electric utilities from facilitating the achievement of greenhouse gas emission reductions in other sectors through increased investments in transportation electrification.(d)Senate Bill 350 also requires the Public Utilities Commission, in consultation with the State Air Resources Board and the Energy Commission, to direct electrical corporations to file applications for programs and investments to accelerate widespread transportation electrification.(e)Widespread transportation electrification is needed to achieve the goals of the Charge Ahead California Initiative (Chapter 8.5 (commencing with Section 44258) of Part 5 of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code) enacted by Senate Bill 1275 of the 201314 Regular Session (Chapter 530 of the Statutes of 2014).(f)Widespread transportation electrification requires increased access for disadvantaged communities, low- and moderate-income communities, and other consumers of zero-emission and near-zero-emission vehicles, and increased use of those vehicles in those communities and by other consumers to enhance air quality, lower greenhouse gases emissions, and promote overall benefits to those communities and other consumers.(g)Widespread transportation electrification should stimulate innovation and competition, enable consumer options in charging equipment and services, attract private capital investments, and create high-quality jobs for Californians, where technologically feasible.(h)Deploying electric vehicles should assist in grid management, integrating generation from eligible renewable energy resources, reducing costs for all ratepayers, reducing need for additional transmission infrastructure, and reducing fuel costs for vehicle drivers who charge in a manner consistent with electrical grid conditions.(i)Academic studies show that autonomous vehicles provide benefits to society if they are zero-emission vehicles, but have the ability to significantly increase emissions and vehicle miles traveled if they are not zero emission, or if they are not programmed to optimize fuel efficiency.(j)It is, therefore, the intent of the Legislature to ensure that all Level 4 and Level 5 autonomous vehicles registered for use in California are zero-emission vehicles, and that when operated autonomously, the vehicles are operated in a manner that optimizes fuel efficiency.SEC. 2.Section 38751 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:38751.(a)In order to meet Californias goals for zero-emission vehicle deployment and transportation electrification and to improve the stability and reliability of the states electricity grid, a Level 4 or Level 5 autonomous vehicle shall be eligible for initial registration, or renewal or transfer of registration, by the department under Division 3 (commencing with Section 4000) only if the vehicle is a zero-emission vehicle that is programmed to optimize fuel efficiency.(b)For purposes of this section, zero-emission vehicle means a battery electric vehicle or a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.(c)The department shall adopt any regulations necessary to implement this section.
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
## The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
SECTION 1. Section 38751 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:38751. (a) On or before April 1, 2018, the Office of Planning and Research shall convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to review and advise the Legislature on policies pertaining to autonomous vehicles. The Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall meet at least quarterly, and shall include at least one member each from the following entities:(1) The State Air Resources Board.(2) The Office of Planning and Research.(3) The Strategic Growth Council.(4) The Transportation Agency.(5) The Department of Housing and Community Development.(6) The Department of Motor Vehicles.(7) The autonomous vehicle industry.(8) A public health or clean air advocacy organization.(b) On or before January 1, 2019, the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall offer recommendations to the Legislature regarding policies that maximize the environmental benefits and minimize the air pollution, traffic congestion, and land use impacts of autonomous vehicles, including recommendations regarding updates to statewide infrastructure planning efforts.
SECTION 1. Section 38751 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:
### SECTION 1.
38751. (a) On or before April 1, 2018, the Office of Planning and Research shall convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to review and advise the Legislature on policies pertaining to autonomous vehicles. The Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall meet at least quarterly, and shall include at least one member each from the following entities:(1) The State Air Resources Board.(2) The Office of Planning and Research.(3) The Strategic Growth Council.(4) The Transportation Agency.(5) The Department of Housing and Community Development.(6) The Department of Motor Vehicles.(7) The autonomous vehicle industry.(8) A public health or clean air advocacy organization.(b) On or before January 1, 2019, the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall offer recommendations to the Legislature regarding policies that maximize the environmental benefits and minimize the air pollution, traffic congestion, and land use impacts of autonomous vehicles, including recommendations regarding updates to statewide infrastructure planning efforts.
38751. (a) On or before April 1, 2018, the Office of Planning and Research shall convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to review and advise the Legislature on policies pertaining to autonomous vehicles. The Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall meet at least quarterly, and shall include at least one member each from the following entities:(1) The State Air Resources Board.(2) The Office of Planning and Research.(3) The Strategic Growth Council.(4) The Transportation Agency.(5) The Department of Housing and Community Development.(6) The Department of Motor Vehicles.(7) The autonomous vehicle industry.(8) A public health or clean air advocacy organization.(b) On or before January 1, 2019, the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall offer recommendations to the Legislature regarding policies that maximize the environmental benefits and minimize the air pollution, traffic congestion, and land use impacts of autonomous vehicles, including recommendations regarding updates to statewide infrastructure planning efforts.
38751. (a) On or before April 1, 2018, the Office of Planning and Research shall convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to review and advise the Legislature on policies pertaining to autonomous vehicles. The Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall meet at least quarterly, and shall include at least one member each from the following entities:(1) The State Air Resources Board.(2) The Office of Planning and Research.(3) The Strategic Growth Council.(4) The Transportation Agency.(5) The Department of Housing and Community Development.(6) The Department of Motor Vehicles.(7) The autonomous vehicle industry.(8) A public health or clean air advocacy organization.(b) On or before January 1, 2019, the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall offer recommendations to the Legislature regarding policies that maximize the environmental benefits and minimize the air pollution, traffic congestion, and land use impacts of autonomous vehicles, including recommendations regarding updates to statewide infrastructure planning efforts.
38751. (a) On or before April 1, 2018, the Office of Planning and Research shall convene an Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce to review and advise the Legislature on policies pertaining to autonomous vehicles. The Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall meet at least quarterly, and shall include at least one member each from the following entities:
(1) The State Air Resources Board.
(2) The Office of Planning and Research.
(3) The Strategic Growth Council.
(4) The Transportation Agency.
(5) The Department of Housing and Community Development.
(6) The Department of Motor Vehicles.
(7) The autonomous vehicle industry.
(8) A public health or clean air advocacy organization.
(b) On or before January 1, 2019, the Autonomous Vehicle Advisory Taskforce shall offer recommendations to the Legislature regarding policies that maximize the environmental benefits and minimize the air pollution, traffic congestion, and land use impacts of autonomous vehicles, including recommendations regarding updates to statewide infrastructure planning efforts.
(a)Executive Order No. B-16-12 set a statewide goal of over 1.5 million zero-emission vehicles on California roads by 2025, representing an accelerating share of the market, with easy access to zero-emission vehicle infrastructure. Further, Senate Bill 1275 (Chapter 530, Statutes of 2014) called for one million zero-emission vehicles by January 1, 2023.
(b)Executive Order No. B-32-15 requires the State Air Resources Board, the Department of Transportation, the Energy Commission, and the Governors Office of Business and Economic Development to develop an integrated action plan by July 2016 that establishes clear targets to improve freight efficiency, transition to zero-emission technologies, and increase competitiveness of Californias freight system.
(c)Senate Bill 350 of the 201516 Regular Session (Chapter 547 of the Statutes of 2015) requires the State Air Resources Board to identify and adopt policies, rules, and regulations that remove regulatory disincentives preventing retail sellers and local publicly owned electric utilities from facilitating the achievement of greenhouse gas emission reductions in other sectors through increased investments in transportation electrification.
(d)Senate Bill 350 also requires the Public Utilities Commission, in consultation with the State Air Resources Board and the Energy Commission, to direct electrical corporations to file applications for programs and investments to accelerate widespread transportation electrification.
(e)Widespread transportation electrification is needed to achieve the goals of the Charge Ahead California Initiative (Chapter 8.5 (commencing with Section 44258) of Part 5 of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code) enacted by Senate Bill 1275 of the 201314 Regular Session (Chapter 530 of the Statutes of 2014).
(f)Widespread transportation electrification requires increased access for disadvantaged communities, low- and moderate-income communities, and other consumers of zero-emission and near-zero-emission vehicles, and increased use of those vehicles in those communities and by other consumers to enhance air quality, lower greenhouse gases emissions, and promote overall benefits to those communities and other consumers.
(g)Widespread transportation electrification should stimulate innovation and competition, enable consumer options in charging equipment and services, attract private capital investments, and create high-quality jobs for Californians, where technologically feasible.
(h)Deploying electric vehicles should assist in grid management, integrating generation from eligible renewable energy resources, reducing costs for all ratepayers, reducing need for additional transmission infrastructure, and reducing fuel costs for vehicle drivers who charge in a manner consistent with electrical grid conditions.
(i)Academic studies show that autonomous vehicles provide benefits to society if they are zero-emission vehicles, but have the ability to significantly increase emissions and vehicle miles traveled if they are not zero emission, or if they are not programmed to optimize fuel efficiency.
(j)It is, therefore, the intent of the Legislature to ensure that all Level 4 and Level 5 autonomous vehicles registered for use in California are zero-emission vehicles, and that when operated autonomously, the vehicles are operated in a manner that optimizes fuel efficiency.
(a)In order to meet Californias goals for zero-emission vehicle deployment and transportation electrification and to improve the stability and reliability of the states electricity grid, a Level 4 or Level 5 autonomous vehicle shall be eligible for initial registration, or renewal or transfer of registration, by the department under Division 3 (commencing with Section 4000) only if the vehicle is a zero-emission vehicle that is programmed to optimize fuel efficiency.
(b)For purposes of this section, zero-emission vehicle means a battery electric vehicle or a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
(c)The department shall adopt any regulations necessary to implement this section.