California 2021 2021-2022 Regular Session

California Assembly Bill AB2483 Introduced / Bill

Filed 02/17/2022

                    CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20212022 REGULAR SESSION Assembly Bill No. 2483Introduced by Assembly Member MaienscheinFebruary 17, 2022 An act to amend Section 1504.5 of, and to add Section 50675.15 to, the Health and Safety Code, relating to housing. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2483, as introduced, Maienschein. Housing for individuals experiencing homelessness.Existing law establishes the Department of Housing and Community Development and requires it to administer various programs intended to promote the development of housing, including the Multifamily Housing Program, pursuant to which the department provides financial assistance in the form of deferred payment loans to pay for the eligible costs of development of specified types of housing projects.This bill would require the department, by December 31, 2023, to award reasonable priority points to Multifamily Housing Program project applicants that agree to set aside at least 25 units for individuals that are either experiencing homelessness or eligible to receive specified services, including, among others, those received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly. The bill would also require the department to partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded by the Multifamily Housing Program. The bill would require the department to assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify specified information with respect to projects receiving priority points under these provisions, including the number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.Existing law, the California Community Care Facilities Act, provides for the licensure and regulation of community care and residential facilities by the State Department of Social Services. Existing law authorizes counties to contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing. Existing law defines community living support services to include, among others, supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problem solving skills and assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs, such as financial benefits, food, and housing.This bill would authorize the state to contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing. This bill would additionally include assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care, when needed, in the definition of community living support services.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY  Appropriation: NO  Fiscal Committee: YES  Local Program: NO Bill TextThe people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares the following:(a) Californians who are older or experience disabilities, many of whom live on fixed incomes, face increasing rental cost burdens, with roughly 8 out of 10 extremely low income older renters paying more than one-half of their monthly income on rent. Fair market rents in California for an efficiency apartment range from $716 to $2,145 per month, far more than an older adult or person with a disability on a fixed income can afford, particularly when the maximum Supplemental Security Income payment for an individual in 2022 is $974 per month.(b) The state has also estimated that over 11,000 people live in nursing facilities simply because they have nowhere to live if discharged.(c) Research shows that residents of California over 50 years of age are now the fastest growing population of homeless people in many parts of the state, with the median age of the homeless expected to rise.(d) The solution to homelessness is affordable housing. For many older adults and people with disabilities, housing and health care must be integrated to ensure housing stability, foster independence, and avoid institutionalization in home and community-based settings. The states leadership can help developers and health providers break down housing and health care silos and form productive partnerships.(e) The California Master Plan for Aging, adopted in early 2021, calls for working to end homelessness among older adults through increasing housing options for older adults and expanding supports in those housing placements.SEC. 2. Section 1504.5 of the Health and Safety Code is amended to read:1504.5. (a) (1) This chapter does not apply to any independent living arrangement or supportive housing, described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), for individuals with disabilities who are receiving community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c).(2) This section does not affect the provisions of Section 1503.5 or 1505.(3) Community living support services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) do not constitute care or supervision.(b) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that there is an urgent need to increase the access to supportive housing, as described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), and to foster community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), as an effective and cost-efficient method of serving persons with disabilities who wish to live independently. independently and to avoid institutionalization.(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that persons with disabilities be permitted to do both of the following:(A) Receive one or more community living support services in the least restrictive setting possible, such as in a persons private home or supportive housing residence.(B) Voluntarily choose to receive support services in obtaining and maintaining supportive housing.(3) It is the intent of the Legislature that community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), enable persons with disabilities to live more independently in the community for long periods of time.(c) (1) Community living support services, for purposes of this section, are voluntary and chosen by persons with disabilities in accordance with their preferences and goals for independent living. Community living support services may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:(A) Supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problemsolving problem solving skills.(B) Education and training in meal planning and shopping, budgeting and managing finances, medication self-management, transportation, vocational and educational development, and the appropriate use of community resources and leisure activities.(C) Assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs such as financial benefits, food, clothing, household goods, and housing, and locating and scheduling for appropriate medical, dental, and vision benefits and care.(D) When needed, assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care.(2) Supportive housing, for purposes of this section, is rental housing that has all of the following characteristics:(A) It is affordable to people with disabilities.(B) It is independent housing in which each tenant meets all of the following conditions:(i) Holds a lease or rental agreement in his or her their own name and is responsible for paying his or her their own rent.(ii) Has his or her their own room or apartment and is individually responsible for arranging any shared tenancy.(C) It is permanent, wherein each tenant may stay as long as he or she they pays his or her their share of rent and complies with the terms of his or her their lease.(D) It is tenancy housing under which supportive housing providers are required to comply with applicable state and federal laws governing the landlord-tenant relationship.(E) Participation in services or any particular type of service is not required as a condition of tenancy.(d) Counties or the state may contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing.(e) For purposes of this section and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual with disabilities may contract for the provision of any of the community support services specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) in the individuals own home including supportive housing, as part of that individuals service, care, or independent living plan, only through a government funded program or a private health or disability insurance plan.(f) An individuals receipt of community living support services as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) shall not be construed to mean that the individual requires care or supervision or is receiving care or supervision.SEC. 3. Section 50675.15 is added to the Health and Safety Code, to read:50675.15. (a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Eligible individual means an individual who meets both of the following criteria:(A) The individual is experiencing homelessness, as defined in this chapter.(B) The individual or head of household is eligible to receive qualifying services.(2) Experiencing homelessness means the same as homeless and homelessness, as those terms are each defined in Section 578.3 of Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as that section read on January 1, 2022, except that people who were homeless upon admission to an institutional setting shall continue to be considered homeless upon discharge, regardless of the length of time residing in the institutional setting.(3) Qualifying services includes all of the following:(A) Services received under the Assisted Living Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(B) Services received under the Home and Community-Based Alternatives Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(C) Services received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) pursuant to Chapter 8.75 (commencing with Section 14591) of Part 3 of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.(b) By December 31, 2023, the department shall do both of the following:(1) With respect to funds made available under this chapter, award reasonable priority points to project applicants that agree to both of the following:(A) To set aside at least 25 units, or a smaller number of units determined by the department, for eligible individuals.(B) Demonstrate viability of linking the units to qualifying services.(2) Partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded under this chapter.(c) No later than four years after implementation of subdivision (b), with respect to projects receiving priority points under subdivision (b), the department shall assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify the following:(1) The number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.(2) Housing retention rates.(3) Tenant satisfaction survey results. Surveys conducted under this paragraph shall include questions regarding the tenants choice in where to live.(4) Best practices and challenges in integrating the services and programs into projects funded by the department and potential recommendations for addressing those challenges.

 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20212022 REGULAR SESSION Assembly Bill No. 2483Introduced by Assembly Member MaienscheinFebruary 17, 2022 An act to amend Section 1504.5 of, and to add Section 50675.15 to, the Health and Safety Code, relating to housing. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2483, as introduced, Maienschein. Housing for individuals experiencing homelessness.Existing law establishes the Department of Housing and Community Development and requires it to administer various programs intended to promote the development of housing, including the Multifamily Housing Program, pursuant to which the department provides financial assistance in the form of deferred payment loans to pay for the eligible costs of development of specified types of housing projects.This bill would require the department, by December 31, 2023, to award reasonable priority points to Multifamily Housing Program project applicants that agree to set aside at least 25 units for individuals that are either experiencing homelessness or eligible to receive specified services, including, among others, those received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly. The bill would also require the department to partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded by the Multifamily Housing Program. The bill would require the department to assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify specified information with respect to projects receiving priority points under these provisions, including the number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.Existing law, the California Community Care Facilities Act, provides for the licensure and regulation of community care and residential facilities by the State Department of Social Services. Existing law authorizes counties to contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing. Existing law defines community living support services to include, among others, supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problem solving skills and assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs, such as financial benefits, food, and housing.This bill would authorize the state to contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing. This bill would additionally include assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care, when needed, in the definition of community living support services.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY  Appropriation: NO  Fiscal Committee: YES  Local Program: NO 





 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20212022 REGULAR SESSION

 Assembly Bill 

No. 2483

Introduced by Assembly Member MaienscheinFebruary 17, 2022

Introduced by Assembly Member Maienschein
February 17, 2022

 An act to amend Section 1504.5 of, and to add Section 50675.15 to, the Health and Safety Code, relating to housing. 

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST

## LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST

AB 2483, as introduced, Maienschein. Housing for individuals experiencing homelessness.

Existing law establishes the Department of Housing and Community Development and requires it to administer various programs intended to promote the development of housing, including the Multifamily Housing Program, pursuant to which the department provides financial assistance in the form of deferred payment loans to pay for the eligible costs of development of specified types of housing projects.This bill would require the department, by December 31, 2023, to award reasonable priority points to Multifamily Housing Program project applicants that agree to set aside at least 25 units for individuals that are either experiencing homelessness or eligible to receive specified services, including, among others, those received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly. The bill would also require the department to partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded by the Multifamily Housing Program. The bill would require the department to assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify specified information with respect to projects receiving priority points under these provisions, including the number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.Existing law, the California Community Care Facilities Act, provides for the licensure and regulation of community care and residential facilities by the State Department of Social Services. Existing law authorizes counties to contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing. Existing law defines community living support services to include, among others, supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problem solving skills and assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs, such as financial benefits, food, and housing.This bill would authorize the state to contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing. This bill would additionally include assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care, when needed, in the definition of community living support services.

Existing law establishes the Department of Housing and Community Development and requires it to administer various programs intended to promote the development of housing, including the Multifamily Housing Program, pursuant to which the department provides financial assistance in the form of deferred payment loans to pay for the eligible costs of development of specified types of housing projects.

This bill would require the department, by December 31, 2023, to award reasonable priority points to Multifamily Housing Program project applicants that agree to set aside at least 25 units for individuals that are either experiencing homelessness or eligible to receive specified services, including, among others, those received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly. The bill would also require the department to partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded by the Multifamily Housing Program. The bill would require the department to assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify specified information with respect to projects receiving priority points under these provisions, including the number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.

Existing law, the California Community Care Facilities Act, provides for the licensure and regulation of community care and residential facilities by the State Department of Social Services. Existing law authorizes counties to contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing. Existing law defines community living support services to include, among others, supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problem solving skills and assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs, such as financial benefits, food, and housing.

This bill would authorize the state to contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing. This bill would additionally include assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care, when needed, in the definition of community living support services.

## Digest Key

## Bill Text

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares the following:(a) Californians who are older or experience disabilities, many of whom live on fixed incomes, face increasing rental cost burdens, with roughly 8 out of 10 extremely low income older renters paying more than one-half of their monthly income on rent. Fair market rents in California for an efficiency apartment range from $716 to $2,145 per month, far more than an older adult or person with a disability on a fixed income can afford, particularly when the maximum Supplemental Security Income payment for an individual in 2022 is $974 per month.(b) The state has also estimated that over 11,000 people live in nursing facilities simply because they have nowhere to live if discharged.(c) Research shows that residents of California over 50 years of age are now the fastest growing population of homeless people in many parts of the state, with the median age of the homeless expected to rise.(d) The solution to homelessness is affordable housing. For many older adults and people with disabilities, housing and health care must be integrated to ensure housing stability, foster independence, and avoid institutionalization in home and community-based settings. The states leadership can help developers and health providers break down housing and health care silos and form productive partnerships.(e) The California Master Plan for Aging, adopted in early 2021, calls for working to end homelessness among older adults through increasing housing options for older adults and expanding supports in those housing placements.SEC. 2. Section 1504.5 of the Health and Safety Code is amended to read:1504.5. (a) (1) This chapter does not apply to any independent living arrangement or supportive housing, described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), for individuals with disabilities who are receiving community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c).(2) This section does not affect the provisions of Section 1503.5 or 1505.(3) Community living support services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) do not constitute care or supervision.(b) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that there is an urgent need to increase the access to supportive housing, as described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), and to foster community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), as an effective and cost-efficient method of serving persons with disabilities who wish to live independently. independently and to avoid institutionalization.(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that persons with disabilities be permitted to do both of the following:(A) Receive one or more community living support services in the least restrictive setting possible, such as in a persons private home or supportive housing residence.(B) Voluntarily choose to receive support services in obtaining and maintaining supportive housing.(3) It is the intent of the Legislature that community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), enable persons with disabilities to live more independently in the community for long periods of time.(c) (1) Community living support services, for purposes of this section, are voluntary and chosen by persons with disabilities in accordance with their preferences and goals for independent living. Community living support services may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:(A) Supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problemsolving problem solving skills.(B) Education and training in meal planning and shopping, budgeting and managing finances, medication self-management, transportation, vocational and educational development, and the appropriate use of community resources and leisure activities.(C) Assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs such as financial benefits, food, clothing, household goods, and housing, and locating and scheduling for appropriate medical, dental, and vision benefits and care.(D) When needed, assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care.(2) Supportive housing, for purposes of this section, is rental housing that has all of the following characteristics:(A) It is affordable to people with disabilities.(B) It is independent housing in which each tenant meets all of the following conditions:(i) Holds a lease or rental agreement in his or her their own name and is responsible for paying his or her their own rent.(ii) Has his or her their own room or apartment and is individually responsible for arranging any shared tenancy.(C) It is permanent, wherein each tenant may stay as long as he or she they pays his or her their share of rent and complies with the terms of his or her their lease.(D) It is tenancy housing under which supportive housing providers are required to comply with applicable state and federal laws governing the landlord-tenant relationship.(E) Participation in services or any particular type of service is not required as a condition of tenancy.(d) Counties or the state may contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing.(e) For purposes of this section and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual with disabilities may contract for the provision of any of the community support services specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) in the individuals own home including supportive housing, as part of that individuals service, care, or independent living plan, only through a government funded program or a private health or disability insurance plan.(f) An individuals receipt of community living support services as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) shall not be construed to mean that the individual requires care or supervision or is receiving care or supervision.SEC. 3. Section 50675.15 is added to the Health and Safety Code, to read:50675.15. (a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Eligible individual means an individual who meets both of the following criteria:(A) The individual is experiencing homelessness, as defined in this chapter.(B) The individual or head of household is eligible to receive qualifying services.(2) Experiencing homelessness means the same as homeless and homelessness, as those terms are each defined in Section 578.3 of Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as that section read on January 1, 2022, except that people who were homeless upon admission to an institutional setting shall continue to be considered homeless upon discharge, regardless of the length of time residing in the institutional setting.(3) Qualifying services includes all of the following:(A) Services received under the Assisted Living Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(B) Services received under the Home and Community-Based Alternatives Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(C) Services received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) pursuant to Chapter 8.75 (commencing with Section 14591) of Part 3 of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.(b) By December 31, 2023, the department shall do both of the following:(1) With respect to funds made available under this chapter, award reasonable priority points to project applicants that agree to both of the following:(A) To set aside at least 25 units, or a smaller number of units determined by the department, for eligible individuals.(B) Demonstrate viability of linking the units to qualifying services.(2) Partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded under this chapter.(c) No later than four years after implementation of subdivision (b), with respect to projects receiving priority points under subdivision (b), the department shall assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify the following:(1) The number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.(2) Housing retention rates.(3) Tenant satisfaction survey results. Surveys conducted under this paragraph shall include questions regarding the tenants choice in where to live.(4) Best practices and challenges in integrating the services and programs into projects funded by the department and potential recommendations for addressing those challenges.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

## The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares the following:(a) Californians who are older or experience disabilities, many of whom live on fixed incomes, face increasing rental cost burdens, with roughly 8 out of 10 extremely low income older renters paying more than one-half of their monthly income on rent. Fair market rents in California for an efficiency apartment range from $716 to $2,145 per month, far more than an older adult or person with a disability on a fixed income can afford, particularly when the maximum Supplemental Security Income payment for an individual in 2022 is $974 per month.(b) The state has also estimated that over 11,000 people live in nursing facilities simply because they have nowhere to live if discharged.(c) Research shows that residents of California over 50 years of age are now the fastest growing population of homeless people in many parts of the state, with the median age of the homeless expected to rise.(d) The solution to homelessness is affordable housing. For many older adults and people with disabilities, housing and health care must be integrated to ensure housing stability, foster independence, and avoid institutionalization in home and community-based settings. The states leadership can help developers and health providers break down housing and health care silos and form productive partnerships.(e) The California Master Plan for Aging, adopted in early 2021, calls for working to end homelessness among older adults through increasing housing options for older adults and expanding supports in those housing placements.

SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares the following:(a) Californians who are older or experience disabilities, many of whom live on fixed incomes, face increasing rental cost burdens, with roughly 8 out of 10 extremely low income older renters paying more than one-half of their monthly income on rent. Fair market rents in California for an efficiency apartment range from $716 to $2,145 per month, far more than an older adult or person with a disability on a fixed income can afford, particularly when the maximum Supplemental Security Income payment for an individual in 2022 is $974 per month.(b) The state has also estimated that over 11,000 people live in nursing facilities simply because they have nowhere to live if discharged.(c) Research shows that residents of California over 50 years of age are now the fastest growing population of homeless people in many parts of the state, with the median age of the homeless expected to rise.(d) The solution to homelessness is affordable housing. For many older adults and people with disabilities, housing and health care must be integrated to ensure housing stability, foster independence, and avoid institutionalization in home and community-based settings. The states leadership can help developers and health providers break down housing and health care silos and form productive partnerships.(e) The California Master Plan for Aging, adopted in early 2021, calls for working to end homelessness among older adults through increasing housing options for older adults and expanding supports in those housing placements.

SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares the following:

### SECTION 1.

(a) Californians who are older or experience disabilities, many of whom live on fixed incomes, face increasing rental cost burdens, with roughly 8 out of 10 extremely low income older renters paying more than one-half of their monthly income on rent. Fair market rents in California for an efficiency apartment range from $716 to $2,145 per month, far more than an older adult or person with a disability on a fixed income can afford, particularly when the maximum Supplemental Security Income payment for an individual in 2022 is $974 per month.

(b) The state has also estimated that over 11,000 people live in nursing facilities simply because they have nowhere to live if discharged.

(c) Research shows that residents of California over 50 years of age are now the fastest growing population of homeless people in many parts of the state, with the median age of the homeless expected to rise.

(d) The solution to homelessness is affordable housing. For many older adults and people with disabilities, housing and health care must be integrated to ensure housing stability, foster independence, and avoid institutionalization in home and community-based settings. The states leadership can help developers and health providers break down housing and health care silos and form productive partnerships.

(e) The California Master Plan for Aging, adopted in early 2021, calls for working to end homelessness among older adults through increasing housing options for older adults and expanding supports in those housing placements.

SEC. 2. Section 1504.5 of the Health and Safety Code is amended to read:1504.5. (a) (1) This chapter does not apply to any independent living arrangement or supportive housing, described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), for individuals with disabilities who are receiving community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c).(2) This section does not affect the provisions of Section 1503.5 or 1505.(3) Community living support services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) do not constitute care or supervision.(b) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that there is an urgent need to increase the access to supportive housing, as described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), and to foster community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), as an effective and cost-efficient method of serving persons with disabilities who wish to live independently. independently and to avoid institutionalization.(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that persons with disabilities be permitted to do both of the following:(A) Receive one or more community living support services in the least restrictive setting possible, such as in a persons private home or supportive housing residence.(B) Voluntarily choose to receive support services in obtaining and maintaining supportive housing.(3) It is the intent of the Legislature that community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), enable persons with disabilities to live more independently in the community for long periods of time.(c) (1) Community living support services, for purposes of this section, are voluntary and chosen by persons with disabilities in accordance with their preferences and goals for independent living. Community living support services may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:(A) Supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problemsolving problem solving skills.(B) Education and training in meal planning and shopping, budgeting and managing finances, medication self-management, transportation, vocational and educational development, and the appropriate use of community resources and leisure activities.(C) Assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs such as financial benefits, food, clothing, household goods, and housing, and locating and scheduling for appropriate medical, dental, and vision benefits and care.(D) When needed, assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care.(2) Supportive housing, for purposes of this section, is rental housing that has all of the following characteristics:(A) It is affordable to people with disabilities.(B) It is independent housing in which each tenant meets all of the following conditions:(i) Holds a lease or rental agreement in his or her their own name and is responsible for paying his or her their own rent.(ii) Has his or her their own room or apartment and is individually responsible for arranging any shared tenancy.(C) It is permanent, wherein each tenant may stay as long as he or she they pays his or her their share of rent and complies with the terms of his or her their lease.(D) It is tenancy housing under which supportive housing providers are required to comply with applicable state and federal laws governing the landlord-tenant relationship.(E) Participation in services or any particular type of service is not required as a condition of tenancy.(d) Counties or the state may contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing.(e) For purposes of this section and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual with disabilities may contract for the provision of any of the community support services specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) in the individuals own home including supportive housing, as part of that individuals service, care, or independent living plan, only through a government funded program or a private health or disability insurance plan.(f) An individuals receipt of community living support services as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) shall not be construed to mean that the individual requires care or supervision or is receiving care or supervision.

SEC. 2. Section 1504.5 of the Health and Safety Code is amended to read:

### SEC. 2.

1504.5. (a) (1) This chapter does not apply to any independent living arrangement or supportive housing, described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), for individuals with disabilities who are receiving community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c).(2) This section does not affect the provisions of Section 1503.5 or 1505.(3) Community living support services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) do not constitute care or supervision.(b) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that there is an urgent need to increase the access to supportive housing, as described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), and to foster community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), as an effective and cost-efficient method of serving persons with disabilities who wish to live independently. independently and to avoid institutionalization.(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that persons with disabilities be permitted to do both of the following:(A) Receive one or more community living support services in the least restrictive setting possible, such as in a persons private home or supportive housing residence.(B) Voluntarily choose to receive support services in obtaining and maintaining supportive housing.(3) It is the intent of the Legislature that community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), enable persons with disabilities to live more independently in the community for long periods of time.(c) (1) Community living support services, for purposes of this section, are voluntary and chosen by persons with disabilities in accordance with their preferences and goals for independent living. Community living support services may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:(A) Supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problemsolving problem solving skills.(B) Education and training in meal planning and shopping, budgeting and managing finances, medication self-management, transportation, vocational and educational development, and the appropriate use of community resources and leisure activities.(C) Assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs such as financial benefits, food, clothing, household goods, and housing, and locating and scheduling for appropriate medical, dental, and vision benefits and care.(D) When needed, assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care.(2) Supportive housing, for purposes of this section, is rental housing that has all of the following characteristics:(A) It is affordable to people with disabilities.(B) It is independent housing in which each tenant meets all of the following conditions:(i) Holds a lease or rental agreement in his or her their own name and is responsible for paying his or her their own rent.(ii) Has his or her their own room or apartment and is individually responsible for arranging any shared tenancy.(C) It is permanent, wherein each tenant may stay as long as he or she they pays his or her their share of rent and complies with the terms of his or her their lease.(D) It is tenancy housing under which supportive housing providers are required to comply with applicable state and federal laws governing the landlord-tenant relationship.(E) Participation in services or any particular type of service is not required as a condition of tenancy.(d) Counties or the state may contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing.(e) For purposes of this section and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual with disabilities may contract for the provision of any of the community support services specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) in the individuals own home including supportive housing, as part of that individuals service, care, or independent living plan, only through a government funded program or a private health or disability insurance plan.(f) An individuals receipt of community living support services as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) shall not be construed to mean that the individual requires care or supervision or is receiving care or supervision.

1504.5. (a) (1) This chapter does not apply to any independent living arrangement or supportive housing, described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), for individuals with disabilities who are receiving community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c).(2) This section does not affect the provisions of Section 1503.5 or 1505.(3) Community living support services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) do not constitute care or supervision.(b) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that there is an urgent need to increase the access to supportive housing, as described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), and to foster community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), as an effective and cost-efficient method of serving persons with disabilities who wish to live independently. independently and to avoid institutionalization.(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that persons with disabilities be permitted to do both of the following:(A) Receive one or more community living support services in the least restrictive setting possible, such as in a persons private home or supportive housing residence.(B) Voluntarily choose to receive support services in obtaining and maintaining supportive housing.(3) It is the intent of the Legislature that community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), enable persons with disabilities to live more independently in the community for long periods of time.(c) (1) Community living support services, for purposes of this section, are voluntary and chosen by persons with disabilities in accordance with their preferences and goals for independent living. Community living support services may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:(A) Supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problemsolving problem solving skills.(B) Education and training in meal planning and shopping, budgeting and managing finances, medication self-management, transportation, vocational and educational development, and the appropriate use of community resources and leisure activities.(C) Assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs such as financial benefits, food, clothing, household goods, and housing, and locating and scheduling for appropriate medical, dental, and vision benefits and care.(D) When needed, assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care.(2) Supportive housing, for purposes of this section, is rental housing that has all of the following characteristics:(A) It is affordable to people with disabilities.(B) It is independent housing in which each tenant meets all of the following conditions:(i) Holds a lease or rental agreement in his or her their own name and is responsible for paying his or her their own rent.(ii) Has his or her their own room or apartment and is individually responsible for arranging any shared tenancy.(C) It is permanent, wherein each tenant may stay as long as he or she they pays his or her their share of rent and complies with the terms of his or her their lease.(D) It is tenancy housing under which supportive housing providers are required to comply with applicable state and federal laws governing the landlord-tenant relationship.(E) Participation in services or any particular type of service is not required as a condition of tenancy.(d) Counties or the state may contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing.(e) For purposes of this section and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual with disabilities may contract for the provision of any of the community support services specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) in the individuals own home including supportive housing, as part of that individuals service, care, or independent living plan, only through a government funded program or a private health or disability insurance plan.(f) An individuals receipt of community living support services as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) shall not be construed to mean that the individual requires care or supervision or is receiving care or supervision.

1504.5. (a) (1) This chapter does not apply to any independent living arrangement or supportive housing, described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), for individuals with disabilities who are receiving community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c).(2) This section does not affect the provisions of Section 1503.5 or 1505.(3) Community living support services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) do not constitute care or supervision.(b) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that there is an urgent need to increase the access to supportive housing, as described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), and to foster community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), as an effective and cost-efficient method of serving persons with disabilities who wish to live independently. independently and to avoid institutionalization.(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that persons with disabilities be permitted to do both of the following:(A) Receive one or more community living support services in the least restrictive setting possible, such as in a persons private home or supportive housing residence.(B) Voluntarily choose to receive support services in obtaining and maintaining supportive housing.(3) It is the intent of the Legislature that community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), enable persons with disabilities to live more independently in the community for long periods of time.(c) (1) Community living support services, for purposes of this section, are voluntary and chosen by persons with disabilities in accordance with their preferences and goals for independent living. Community living support services may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:(A) Supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problemsolving problem solving skills.(B) Education and training in meal planning and shopping, budgeting and managing finances, medication self-management, transportation, vocational and educational development, and the appropriate use of community resources and leisure activities.(C) Assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs such as financial benefits, food, clothing, household goods, and housing, and locating and scheduling for appropriate medical, dental, and vision benefits and care.(D) When needed, assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care.(2) Supportive housing, for purposes of this section, is rental housing that has all of the following characteristics:(A) It is affordable to people with disabilities.(B) It is independent housing in which each tenant meets all of the following conditions:(i) Holds a lease or rental agreement in his or her their own name and is responsible for paying his or her their own rent.(ii) Has his or her their own room or apartment and is individually responsible for arranging any shared tenancy.(C) It is permanent, wherein each tenant may stay as long as he or she they pays his or her their share of rent and complies with the terms of his or her their lease.(D) It is tenancy housing under which supportive housing providers are required to comply with applicable state and federal laws governing the landlord-tenant relationship.(E) Participation in services or any particular type of service is not required as a condition of tenancy.(d) Counties or the state may contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing.(e) For purposes of this section and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual with disabilities may contract for the provision of any of the community support services specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) in the individuals own home including supportive housing, as part of that individuals service, care, or independent living plan, only through a government funded program or a private health or disability insurance plan.(f) An individuals receipt of community living support services as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) shall not be construed to mean that the individual requires care or supervision or is receiving care or supervision.



1504.5. (a) (1) This chapter does not apply to any independent living arrangement or supportive housing, described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), for individuals with disabilities who are receiving community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c).

(2) This section does not affect the provisions of Section 1503.5 or 1505.

(3) Community living support services described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) do not constitute care or supervision.

(b) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that there is an urgent need to increase the access to supportive housing, as described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), and to foster community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), as an effective and cost-efficient method of serving persons with disabilities who wish to live independently. independently and to avoid institutionalization.

(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that persons with disabilities be permitted to do both of the following:

(A) Receive one or more community living support services in the least restrictive setting possible, such as in a persons private home or supportive housing residence.

(B) Voluntarily choose to receive support services in obtaining and maintaining supportive housing.

(3) It is the intent of the Legislature that community living support services, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), enable persons with disabilities to live more independently in the community for long periods of time.

(c) (1) Community living support services, for purposes of this section, are voluntary and chosen by persons with disabilities in accordance with their preferences and goals for independent living. Community living support services may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:

(A) Supports that are designed to develop and improve independent living and problemsolving problem solving skills.

(B) Education and training in meal planning and shopping, budgeting and managing finances, medication self-management, transportation, vocational and educational development, and the appropriate use of community resources and leisure activities.

(C) Assistance with arrangements to meet the individuals basic needs such as financial benefits, food, clothing, household goods, and housing, and locating and scheduling for appropriate medical, dental, and vision benefits and care.

(D) When needed, assistance with independent activities of daily living or personal care.

(2) Supportive housing, for purposes of this section, is rental housing that has all of the following characteristics:

(A) It is affordable to people with disabilities.

(B) It is independent housing in which each tenant meets all of the following conditions:

(i) Holds a lease or rental agreement in his or her their own name and is responsible for paying his or her their own rent.

(ii) Has his or her their own room or apartment and is individually responsible for arranging any shared tenancy.

(C) It is permanent, wherein each tenant may stay as long as he or she they pays his or her their share of rent and complies with the terms of his or her their lease.

(D) It is tenancy housing under which supportive housing providers are required to comply with applicable state and federal laws governing the landlord-tenant relationship.

(E) Participation in services or any particular type of service is not required as a condition of tenancy.

(d) Counties or the state may contract with agencies or individuals to assist persons with disabilities in securing their own homes and to provide persons with disabilities with the supports needed to live in their own homes, including supportive housing.

(e) For purposes of this section and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual with disabilities may contract for the provision of any of the community support services specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) in the individuals own home including supportive housing, as part of that individuals service, care, or independent living plan, only through a government funded program or a private health or disability insurance plan.

(f) An individuals receipt of community living support services as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) shall not be construed to mean that the individual requires care or supervision or is receiving care or supervision.

SEC. 3. Section 50675.15 is added to the Health and Safety Code, to read:50675.15. (a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Eligible individual means an individual who meets both of the following criteria:(A) The individual is experiencing homelessness, as defined in this chapter.(B) The individual or head of household is eligible to receive qualifying services.(2) Experiencing homelessness means the same as homeless and homelessness, as those terms are each defined in Section 578.3 of Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as that section read on January 1, 2022, except that people who were homeless upon admission to an institutional setting shall continue to be considered homeless upon discharge, regardless of the length of time residing in the institutional setting.(3) Qualifying services includes all of the following:(A) Services received under the Assisted Living Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(B) Services received under the Home and Community-Based Alternatives Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(C) Services received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) pursuant to Chapter 8.75 (commencing with Section 14591) of Part 3 of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.(b) By December 31, 2023, the department shall do both of the following:(1) With respect to funds made available under this chapter, award reasonable priority points to project applicants that agree to both of the following:(A) To set aside at least 25 units, or a smaller number of units determined by the department, for eligible individuals.(B) Demonstrate viability of linking the units to qualifying services.(2) Partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded under this chapter.(c) No later than four years after implementation of subdivision (b), with respect to projects receiving priority points under subdivision (b), the department shall assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify the following:(1) The number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.(2) Housing retention rates.(3) Tenant satisfaction survey results. Surveys conducted under this paragraph shall include questions regarding the tenants choice in where to live.(4) Best practices and challenges in integrating the services and programs into projects funded by the department and potential recommendations for addressing those challenges.

SEC. 3. Section 50675.15 is added to the Health and Safety Code, to read:

### SEC. 3.

50675.15. (a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Eligible individual means an individual who meets both of the following criteria:(A) The individual is experiencing homelessness, as defined in this chapter.(B) The individual or head of household is eligible to receive qualifying services.(2) Experiencing homelessness means the same as homeless and homelessness, as those terms are each defined in Section 578.3 of Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as that section read on January 1, 2022, except that people who were homeless upon admission to an institutional setting shall continue to be considered homeless upon discharge, regardless of the length of time residing in the institutional setting.(3) Qualifying services includes all of the following:(A) Services received under the Assisted Living Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(B) Services received under the Home and Community-Based Alternatives Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(C) Services received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) pursuant to Chapter 8.75 (commencing with Section 14591) of Part 3 of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.(b) By December 31, 2023, the department shall do both of the following:(1) With respect to funds made available under this chapter, award reasonable priority points to project applicants that agree to both of the following:(A) To set aside at least 25 units, or a smaller number of units determined by the department, for eligible individuals.(B) Demonstrate viability of linking the units to qualifying services.(2) Partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded under this chapter.(c) No later than four years after implementation of subdivision (b), with respect to projects receiving priority points under subdivision (b), the department shall assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify the following:(1) The number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.(2) Housing retention rates.(3) Tenant satisfaction survey results. Surveys conducted under this paragraph shall include questions regarding the tenants choice in where to live.(4) Best practices and challenges in integrating the services and programs into projects funded by the department and potential recommendations for addressing those challenges.

50675.15. (a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Eligible individual means an individual who meets both of the following criteria:(A) The individual is experiencing homelessness, as defined in this chapter.(B) The individual or head of household is eligible to receive qualifying services.(2) Experiencing homelessness means the same as homeless and homelessness, as those terms are each defined in Section 578.3 of Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as that section read on January 1, 2022, except that people who were homeless upon admission to an institutional setting shall continue to be considered homeless upon discharge, regardless of the length of time residing in the institutional setting.(3) Qualifying services includes all of the following:(A) Services received under the Assisted Living Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(B) Services received under the Home and Community-Based Alternatives Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(C) Services received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) pursuant to Chapter 8.75 (commencing with Section 14591) of Part 3 of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.(b) By December 31, 2023, the department shall do both of the following:(1) With respect to funds made available under this chapter, award reasonable priority points to project applicants that agree to both of the following:(A) To set aside at least 25 units, or a smaller number of units determined by the department, for eligible individuals.(B) Demonstrate viability of linking the units to qualifying services.(2) Partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded under this chapter.(c) No later than four years after implementation of subdivision (b), with respect to projects receiving priority points under subdivision (b), the department shall assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify the following:(1) The number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.(2) Housing retention rates.(3) Tenant satisfaction survey results. Surveys conducted under this paragraph shall include questions regarding the tenants choice in where to live.(4) Best practices and challenges in integrating the services and programs into projects funded by the department and potential recommendations for addressing those challenges.

50675.15. (a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Eligible individual means an individual who meets both of the following criteria:(A) The individual is experiencing homelessness, as defined in this chapter.(B) The individual or head of household is eligible to receive qualifying services.(2) Experiencing homelessness means the same as homeless and homelessness, as those terms are each defined in Section 578.3 of Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as that section read on January 1, 2022, except that people who were homeless upon admission to an institutional setting shall continue to be considered homeless upon discharge, regardless of the length of time residing in the institutional setting.(3) Qualifying services includes all of the following:(A) Services received under the Assisted Living Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(B) Services received under the Home and Community-Based Alternatives Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).(C) Services received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) pursuant to Chapter 8.75 (commencing with Section 14591) of Part 3 of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.(b) By December 31, 2023, the department shall do both of the following:(1) With respect to funds made available under this chapter, award reasonable priority points to project applicants that agree to both of the following:(A) To set aside at least 25 units, or a smaller number of units determined by the department, for eligible individuals.(B) Demonstrate viability of linking the units to qualifying services.(2) Partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded under this chapter.(c) No later than four years after implementation of subdivision (b), with respect to projects receiving priority points under subdivision (b), the department shall assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify the following:(1) The number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.(2) Housing retention rates.(3) Tenant satisfaction survey results. Surveys conducted under this paragraph shall include questions regarding the tenants choice in where to live.(4) Best practices and challenges in integrating the services and programs into projects funded by the department and potential recommendations for addressing those challenges.



50675.15. (a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Eligible individual means an individual who meets both of the following criteria:

(A) The individual is experiencing homelessness, as defined in this chapter.

(B) The individual or head of household is eligible to receive qualifying services.

(2) Experiencing homelessness means the same as homeless and homelessness, as those terms are each defined in Section 578.3 of Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as that section read on January 1, 2022, except that people who were homeless upon admission to an institutional setting shall continue to be considered homeless upon discharge, regardless of the length of time residing in the institutional setting.

(3) Qualifying services includes all of the following:

(A) Services received under the Assisted Living Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).

(B) Services received under the Home and Community-Based Alternatives Waiver pursuant to state law and Section 1915(c) of the federal Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 1396n(c)).

(C) Services received under the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) pursuant to Chapter 8.75 (commencing with Section 14591) of Part 3 of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.

(b) By December 31, 2023, the department shall do both of the following:

(1) With respect to funds made available under this chapter, award reasonable priority points to project applicants that agree to both of the following:

(A) To set aside at least 25 units, or a smaller number of units determined by the department, for eligible individuals.

(B) Demonstrate viability of linking the units to qualifying services.

(2) Partner with the State Department of Health Care Services to determine the most effective way to align qualifying services in housing projects funded under this chapter.

(c) No later than four years after implementation of subdivision (b), with respect to projects receiving priority points under subdivision (b), the department shall assess tenant outcomes and engage with an evaluator to identify the following:

(1) The number and demographics, including age, race, or ethnicity, and presubsidy housing status, of people being served.

(2) Housing retention rates.

(3) Tenant satisfaction survey results. Surveys conducted under this paragraph shall include questions regarding the tenants choice in where to live.

(4) Best practices and challenges in integrating the services and programs into projects funded by the department and potential recommendations for addressing those challenges.