Amended IN Senate March 25, 2025 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20252026 REGULAR SESSION Senate Bill No. 455Introduced by Senator BlakespearFebruary 19, 2025 An act to amend Sections 312.5 and 24016 of, and to add Section 21065 to, the Vehicle Code, relating to vehicles. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTSB 455, as amended, Blakespear. Electric motorcycles and electric Electric bicycles.Existing law defines an electric bicycle as a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power, and requires electric bicycles to comply with specified equipment and manufacturing requirements. Existing law requires manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles to apply a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle that contains, among other things, the classification number of the electric bicycle, as specified. Existing law prohibits specified vehicles from being advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles, including a vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. Existing law prohibits the sale of a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle. A violation of the Vehicle Code is a crime.This bill would, commencing July 1, 2026, revise the labeling requirements described above to require manufacturers and distributors to apply an etching, engraving, or label that is permanently affixed skyward on the frame of the electric bicycle and contains additional information, including the brand name and manufacturer or distributor of the electric bicycle. The bill would revise the above-described list of vehicles prohibited from being advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles, as specified, and include on the list, among other things, a vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour. The bill would require any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle to include all of the information provided in the etching, engraving, or label described above or to indicate that a marking was not available. The bill would, commencing January 1, 2026, require any product or device sold in the previous 5 years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle as of January 1, 2026, to be subject to a written customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer that includes among other things, notification that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. Because the bill would impose new requirements for electric bicycles, the violation of which would be a crime, the bill would impose a state-mandated local program.The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.Existing law defines and regulates the use of an electric bicycle, motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, motorized bicycle or moped, and motorized quadricycle or tricycle. A violation of the provisions regulating the use of these devices is generally an infraction, unless otherwise provided.This bill would state the intent of the Legislature to enact legislation relating to electric motorcycles and electric bicycles.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NOYES Local Program: NOYES Bill TextThe people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 312.5 of the Vehicle Code is amended to read:312.5. (a) An electric bicycle is a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power.(1) A class 1 electric bicycle, or low-speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour.(2) A class 2 electric bicycle, or low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.(3) A class 3 electric bicycle, or speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer.(4) A class 1 or class 3 electric bicycle may have start assistance or a walk mode that propels the electric bicycle on motor power alone, up to a maximum speed of 3.7 miles per hour.(b) A person riding an electric bicycle, as defined in this section, is subject to Article 4 (commencing with Section 21200) of Chapter 1 of Division 11.(c) (1) On and after January 1, 2017, and until July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed, in a prominent location, to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(2) On and after July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply an etching, engraving, or a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle. The marking shall be positioned skyward on the frame and contain the brand name, manufacturer or distributor, classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(d) The following vehicles are not electric bicycles under this code and shall not be advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles:(1) A vehicle with motor power of more than 750 watts.(1)(2) A vehicle with two or no more than three wheels powered by an electric motor that is intended by the manufacturer to be modifiable to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to attain more than 750 watts of power. alone.(2)(3) A vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. alone.(3)(4) A vehicle that is modified to have its operable pedals removed.(5) A vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour.(6) A vehicle that meets the definitions of Sections 400, 405, or 406.SEC. 2. Section 21065 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:21065. Any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle shall include all of the information provided on the marking described in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5. If the electric bicycle does not have the marking, the incident report shall indicate that a marking was not available.SEC. 3. Section 24016 of the Vehicle Code is amended to read:24016. (a) An electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 shall meet the following criteria:(1) Comply with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(2) Operate in a manner so that the electric motor is disengaged or ceases to function when the brakes are applied, or operate in a manner such that the motor is engaged through a switch or mechanism that, when released or activated, will cause the electric motor to disengage or cease to function.(b) A person operating an electric bicycle is not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, drivers licenses, registration, and license plate requirements, and an electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle.(c) Every manufacturer of an electric bicycle shall certify that it complies with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(d) A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 so as to change the speed capability of the bicycle, unless the bicycle continues to meet the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 and the person appropriately replaces the label indicating the classification required in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5.(e) A person shall not sell a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5.(f) Commencing January 1, 2026, any product or device sold in the previous five years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle pursuant to Section 312.5 as of January 1, 2026, shall be subject to customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer of that product. The retailer or manufacturer shall provide written notification to affected customers, including by email, that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. If the product meets the current definition of another type of device under this code, the notice shall include that information and inform the customer that they may be required to meet additional legal requirements, including, but not limited to, registration and licensing.SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution.SECTION 1.It is the intent of the Legislature to enact legislation relating to electric motorcycles and electric bicycles.
Amended IN Senate March 25, 2025 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20252026 REGULAR SESSION Senate Bill No. 455Introduced by Senator BlakespearFebruary 19, 2025 An act to amend Sections 312.5 and 24016 of, and to add Section 21065 to, the Vehicle Code, relating to vehicles. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTSB 455, as amended, Blakespear. Electric motorcycles and electric Electric bicycles.Existing law defines an electric bicycle as a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power, and requires electric bicycles to comply with specified equipment and manufacturing requirements. Existing law requires manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles to apply a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle that contains, among other things, the classification number of the electric bicycle, as specified. Existing law prohibits specified vehicles from being advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles, including a vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. Existing law prohibits the sale of a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle. A violation of the Vehicle Code is a crime.This bill would, commencing July 1, 2026, revise the labeling requirements described above to require manufacturers and distributors to apply an etching, engraving, or label that is permanently affixed skyward on the frame of the electric bicycle and contains additional information, including the brand name and manufacturer or distributor of the electric bicycle. The bill would revise the above-described list of vehicles prohibited from being advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles, as specified, and include on the list, among other things, a vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour. The bill would require any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle to include all of the information provided in the etching, engraving, or label described above or to indicate that a marking was not available. The bill would, commencing January 1, 2026, require any product or device sold in the previous 5 years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle as of January 1, 2026, to be subject to a written customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer that includes among other things, notification that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. Because the bill would impose new requirements for electric bicycles, the violation of which would be a crime, the bill would impose a state-mandated local program.The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.Existing law defines and regulates the use of an electric bicycle, motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, motorized bicycle or moped, and motorized quadricycle or tricycle. A violation of the provisions regulating the use of these devices is generally an infraction, unless otherwise provided.This bill would state the intent of the Legislature to enact legislation relating to electric motorcycles and electric bicycles.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NOYES Local Program: NOYES
Amended IN Senate March 25, 2025
Amended IN Senate March 25, 2025
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20252026 REGULAR SESSION
Senate Bill
No. 455
Introduced by Senator BlakespearFebruary 19, 2025
Introduced by Senator Blakespear
February 19, 2025
An act to amend Sections 312.5 and 24016 of, and to add Section 21065 to, the Vehicle Code, relating to vehicles.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
## LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
SB 455, as amended, Blakespear. Electric motorcycles and electric Electric bicycles.
Existing law defines an electric bicycle as a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power, and requires electric bicycles to comply with specified equipment and manufacturing requirements. Existing law requires manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles to apply a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle that contains, among other things, the classification number of the electric bicycle, as specified. Existing law prohibits specified vehicles from being advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles, including a vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. Existing law prohibits the sale of a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle. A violation of the Vehicle Code is a crime.This bill would, commencing July 1, 2026, revise the labeling requirements described above to require manufacturers and distributors to apply an etching, engraving, or label that is permanently affixed skyward on the frame of the electric bicycle and contains additional information, including the brand name and manufacturer or distributor of the electric bicycle. The bill would revise the above-described list of vehicles prohibited from being advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles, as specified, and include on the list, among other things, a vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour. The bill would require any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle to include all of the information provided in the etching, engraving, or label described above or to indicate that a marking was not available. The bill would, commencing January 1, 2026, require any product or device sold in the previous 5 years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle as of January 1, 2026, to be subject to a written customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer that includes among other things, notification that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. Because the bill would impose new requirements for electric bicycles, the violation of which would be a crime, the bill would impose a state-mandated local program.The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.Existing law defines and regulates the use of an electric bicycle, motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, motorized bicycle or moped, and motorized quadricycle or tricycle. A violation of the provisions regulating the use of these devices is generally an infraction, unless otherwise provided.This bill would state the intent of the Legislature to enact legislation relating to electric motorcycles and electric bicycles.
Existing law defines an electric bicycle as a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power, and requires electric bicycles to comply with specified equipment and manufacturing requirements. Existing law requires manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles to apply a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle that contains, among other things, the classification number of the electric bicycle, as specified. Existing law prohibits specified vehicles from being advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles, including a vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. Existing law prohibits the sale of a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle. A violation of the Vehicle Code is a crime.
This bill would, commencing July 1, 2026, revise the labeling requirements described above to require manufacturers and distributors to apply an etching, engraving, or label that is permanently affixed skyward on the frame of the electric bicycle and contains additional information, including the brand name and manufacturer or distributor of the electric bicycle. The bill would revise the above-described list of vehicles prohibited from being advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles, as specified, and include on the list, among other things, a vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour. The bill would require any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle to include all of the information provided in the etching, engraving, or label described above or to indicate that a marking was not available. The bill would, commencing January 1, 2026, require any product or device sold in the previous 5 years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle as of January 1, 2026, to be subject to a written customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer that includes among other things, notification that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. Because the bill would impose new requirements for electric bicycles, the violation of which would be a crime, the bill would impose a state-mandated local program.
The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.
This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.
Existing law defines and regulates the use of an electric bicycle, motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, motorized bicycle or moped, and motorized quadricycle or tricycle. A violation of the provisions regulating the use of these devices is generally an infraction, unless otherwise provided.
This bill would state the intent of the Legislature to enact legislation relating to electric motorcycles and electric bicycles.
## Digest Key
## Bill Text
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 312.5 of the Vehicle Code is amended to read:312.5. (a) An electric bicycle is a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power.(1) A class 1 electric bicycle, or low-speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour.(2) A class 2 electric bicycle, or low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.(3) A class 3 electric bicycle, or speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer.(4) A class 1 or class 3 electric bicycle may have start assistance or a walk mode that propels the electric bicycle on motor power alone, up to a maximum speed of 3.7 miles per hour.(b) A person riding an electric bicycle, as defined in this section, is subject to Article 4 (commencing with Section 21200) of Chapter 1 of Division 11.(c) (1) On and after January 1, 2017, and until July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed, in a prominent location, to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(2) On and after July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply an etching, engraving, or a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle. The marking shall be positioned skyward on the frame and contain the brand name, manufacturer or distributor, classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(d) The following vehicles are not electric bicycles under this code and shall not be advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles:(1) A vehicle with motor power of more than 750 watts.(1)(2) A vehicle with two or no more than three wheels powered by an electric motor that is intended by the manufacturer to be modifiable to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to attain more than 750 watts of power. alone.(2)(3) A vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. alone.(3)(4) A vehicle that is modified to have its operable pedals removed.(5) A vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour.(6) A vehicle that meets the definitions of Sections 400, 405, or 406.SEC. 2. Section 21065 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:21065. Any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle shall include all of the information provided on the marking described in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5. If the electric bicycle does not have the marking, the incident report shall indicate that a marking was not available.SEC. 3. Section 24016 of the Vehicle Code is amended to read:24016. (a) An electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 shall meet the following criteria:(1) Comply with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(2) Operate in a manner so that the electric motor is disengaged or ceases to function when the brakes are applied, or operate in a manner such that the motor is engaged through a switch or mechanism that, when released or activated, will cause the electric motor to disengage or cease to function.(b) A person operating an electric bicycle is not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, drivers licenses, registration, and license plate requirements, and an electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle.(c) Every manufacturer of an electric bicycle shall certify that it complies with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(d) A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 so as to change the speed capability of the bicycle, unless the bicycle continues to meet the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 and the person appropriately replaces the label indicating the classification required in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5.(e) A person shall not sell a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5.(f) Commencing January 1, 2026, any product or device sold in the previous five years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle pursuant to Section 312.5 as of January 1, 2026, shall be subject to customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer of that product. The retailer or manufacturer shall provide written notification to affected customers, including by email, that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. If the product meets the current definition of another type of device under this code, the notice shall include that information and inform the customer that they may be required to meet additional legal requirements, including, but not limited to, registration and licensing.SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution.SECTION 1.It is the intent of the Legislature to enact legislation relating to electric motorcycles and electric bicycles.
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
## The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
SECTION 1. Section 312.5 of the Vehicle Code is amended to read:312.5. (a) An electric bicycle is a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power.(1) A class 1 electric bicycle, or low-speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour.(2) A class 2 electric bicycle, or low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.(3) A class 3 electric bicycle, or speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer.(4) A class 1 or class 3 electric bicycle may have start assistance or a walk mode that propels the electric bicycle on motor power alone, up to a maximum speed of 3.7 miles per hour.(b) A person riding an electric bicycle, as defined in this section, is subject to Article 4 (commencing with Section 21200) of Chapter 1 of Division 11.(c) (1) On and after January 1, 2017, and until July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed, in a prominent location, to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(2) On and after July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply an etching, engraving, or a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle. The marking shall be positioned skyward on the frame and contain the brand name, manufacturer or distributor, classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(d) The following vehicles are not electric bicycles under this code and shall not be advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles:(1) A vehicle with motor power of more than 750 watts.(1)(2) A vehicle with two or no more than three wheels powered by an electric motor that is intended by the manufacturer to be modifiable to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to attain more than 750 watts of power. alone.(2)(3) A vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. alone.(3)(4) A vehicle that is modified to have its operable pedals removed.(5) A vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour.(6) A vehicle that meets the definitions of Sections 400, 405, or 406.
SECTION 1. Section 312.5 of the Vehicle Code is amended to read:
### SECTION 1.
312.5. (a) An electric bicycle is a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power.(1) A class 1 electric bicycle, or low-speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour.(2) A class 2 electric bicycle, or low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.(3) A class 3 electric bicycle, or speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer.(4) A class 1 or class 3 electric bicycle may have start assistance or a walk mode that propels the electric bicycle on motor power alone, up to a maximum speed of 3.7 miles per hour.(b) A person riding an electric bicycle, as defined in this section, is subject to Article 4 (commencing with Section 21200) of Chapter 1 of Division 11.(c) (1) On and after January 1, 2017, and until July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed, in a prominent location, to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(2) On and after July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply an etching, engraving, or a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle. The marking shall be positioned skyward on the frame and contain the brand name, manufacturer or distributor, classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(d) The following vehicles are not electric bicycles under this code and shall not be advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles:(1) A vehicle with motor power of more than 750 watts.(1)(2) A vehicle with two or no more than three wheels powered by an electric motor that is intended by the manufacturer to be modifiable to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to attain more than 750 watts of power. alone.(2)(3) A vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. alone.(3)(4) A vehicle that is modified to have its operable pedals removed.(5) A vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour.(6) A vehicle that meets the definitions of Sections 400, 405, or 406.
312.5. (a) An electric bicycle is a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power.(1) A class 1 electric bicycle, or low-speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour.(2) A class 2 electric bicycle, or low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.(3) A class 3 electric bicycle, or speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer.(4) A class 1 or class 3 electric bicycle may have start assistance or a walk mode that propels the electric bicycle on motor power alone, up to a maximum speed of 3.7 miles per hour.(b) A person riding an electric bicycle, as defined in this section, is subject to Article 4 (commencing with Section 21200) of Chapter 1 of Division 11.(c) (1) On and after January 1, 2017, and until July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed, in a prominent location, to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(2) On and after July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply an etching, engraving, or a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle. The marking shall be positioned skyward on the frame and contain the brand name, manufacturer or distributor, classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(d) The following vehicles are not electric bicycles under this code and shall not be advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles:(1) A vehicle with motor power of more than 750 watts.(1)(2) A vehicle with two or no more than three wheels powered by an electric motor that is intended by the manufacturer to be modifiable to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to attain more than 750 watts of power. alone.(2)(3) A vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. alone.(3)(4) A vehicle that is modified to have its operable pedals removed.(5) A vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour.(6) A vehicle that meets the definitions of Sections 400, 405, or 406.
312.5. (a) An electric bicycle is a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power.(1) A class 1 electric bicycle, or low-speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour.(2) A class 2 electric bicycle, or low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.(3) A class 3 electric bicycle, or speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer.(4) A class 1 or class 3 electric bicycle may have start assistance or a walk mode that propels the electric bicycle on motor power alone, up to a maximum speed of 3.7 miles per hour.(b) A person riding an electric bicycle, as defined in this section, is subject to Article 4 (commencing with Section 21200) of Chapter 1 of Division 11.(c) (1) On and after January 1, 2017, and until July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed, in a prominent location, to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(2) On and after July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply an etching, engraving, or a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle. The marking shall be positioned skyward on the frame and contain the brand name, manufacturer or distributor, classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.(d) The following vehicles are not electric bicycles under this code and shall not be advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles:(1) A vehicle with motor power of more than 750 watts.(1)(2) A vehicle with two or no more than three wheels powered by an electric motor that is intended by the manufacturer to be modifiable to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to attain more than 750 watts of power. alone.(2)(3) A vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. alone.(3)(4) A vehicle that is modified to have its operable pedals removed.(5) A vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour.(6) A vehicle that meets the definitions of Sections 400, 405, or 406.
312.5. (a) An electric bicycle is a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power.
(1) A class 1 electric bicycle, or low-speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour.
(2) A class 2 electric bicycle, or low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour.
(3) A class 3 electric bicycle, or speed pedal-assisted electric bicycle, is a bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, that is not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle, except as provided in paragraph (4), and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer.
(4) A class 1 or class 3 electric bicycle may have start assistance or a walk mode that propels the electric bicycle on motor power alone, up to a maximum speed of 3.7 miles per hour.
(b) A person riding an electric bicycle, as defined in this section, is subject to Article 4 (commencing with Section 21200) of Chapter 1 of Division 11.
(c) (1) On and after January 1, 2017, and until July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply a label that is permanently affixed, in a prominent location, to each electric bicycle. The label shall contain the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.
(2) On and after July 1, 2026, manufacturers and distributors of electric bicycles shall apply an etching, engraving, or a label that is permanently affixed to each electric bicycle. The marking shall be positioned skyward on the frame and contain the brand name, manufacturer or distributor, classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the electric bicycle, and shall be printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type.
(d) The following vehicles are not electric bicycles under this code and shall not be advertised, sold, offered for sale, or labeled as electric bicycles:
(1) A vehicle with motor power of more than 750 watts.
(1)
(2) A vehicle with two or no more than three wheels powered by an electric motor that is intended by the manufacturer to be modifiable to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to attain more than 750 watts of power. alone.
(2)
(3) A vehicle that is modified to attain a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone or to have motor power of more than 750 watts. alone.
(3)
(4) A vehicle that is modified to have its operable pedals removed.
(5) A vehicle that is capable of providing assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour.
(6) A vehicle that meets the definitions of Sections 400, 405, or 406.
SEC. 2. Section 21065 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:21065. Any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle shall include all of the information provided on the marking described in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5. If the electric bicycle does not have the marking, the incident report shall indicate that a marking was not available.
SEC. 2. Section 21065 is added to the Vehicle Code, to read:
### SEC. 2.
21065. Any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle shall include all of the information provided on the marking described in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5. If the electric bicycle does not have the marking, the incident report shall indicate that a marking was not available.
21065. Any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle shall include all of the information provided on the marking described in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5. If the electric bicycle does not have the marking, the incident report shall indicate that a marking was not available.
21065. Any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle shall include all of the information provided on the marking described in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5. If the electric bicycle does not have the marking, the incident report shall indicate that a marking was not available.
21065. Any incident report filed by a peace officer for an injury or crash involving an electric bicycle shall include all of the information provided on the marking described in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5. If the electric bicycle does not have the marking, the incident report shall indicate that a marking was not available.
SEC. 3. Section 24016 of the Vehicle Code is amended to read:24016. (a) An electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 shall meet the following criteria:(1) Comply with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(2) Operate in a manner so that the electric motor is disengaged or ceases to function when the brakes are applied, or operate in a manner such that the motor is engaged through a switch or mechanism that, when released or activated, will cause the electric motor to disengage or cease to function.(b) A person operating an electric bicycle is not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, drivers licenses, registration, and license plate requirements, and an electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle.(c) Every manufacturer of an electric bicycle shall certify that it complies with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(d) A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 so as to change the speed capability of the bicycle, unless the bicycle continues to meet the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 and the person appropriately replaces the label indicating the classification required in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5.(e) A person shall not sell a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5.(f) Commencing January 1, 2026, any product or device sold in the previous five years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle pursuant to Section 312.5 as of January 1, 2026, shall be subject to customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer of that product. The retailer or manufacturer shall provide written notification to affected customers, including by email, that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. If the product meets the current definition of another type of device under this code, the notice shall include that information and inform the customer that they may be required to meet additional legal requirements, including, but not limited to, registration and licensing.
SEC. 3. Section 24016 of the Vehicle Code is amended to read:
### SEC. 3.
24016. (a) An electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 shall meet the following criteria:(1) Comply with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(2) Operate in a manner so that the electric motor is disengaged or ceases to function when the brakes are applied, or operate in a manner such that the motor is engaged through a switch or mechanism that, when released or activated, will cause the electric motor to disengage or cease to function.(b) A person operating an electric bicycle is not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, drivers licenses, registration, and license plate requirements, and an electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle.(c) Every manufacturer of an electric bicycle shall certify that it complies with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(d) A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 so as to change the speed capability of the bicycle, unless the bicycle continues to meet the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 and the person appropriately replaces the label indicating the classification required in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5.(e) A person shall not sell a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5.(f) Commencing January 1, 2026, any product or device sold in the previous five years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle pursuant to Section 312.5 as of January 1, 2026, shall be subject to customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer of that product. The retailer or manufacturer shall provide written notification to affected customers, including by email, that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. If the product meets the current definition of another type of device under this code, the notice shall include that information and inform the customer that they may be required to meet additional legal requirements, including, but not limited to, registration and licensing.
24016. (a) An electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 shall meet the following criteria:(1) Comply with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(2) Operate in a manner so that the electric motor is disengaged or ceases to function when the brakes are applied, or operate in a manner such that the motor is engaged through a switch or mechanism that, when released or activated, will cause the electric motor to disengage or cease to function.(b) A person operating an electric bicycle is not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, drivers licenses, registration, and license plate requirements, and an electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle.(c) Every manufacturer of an electric bicycle shall certify that it complies with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(d) A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 so as to change the speed capability of the bicycle, unless the bicycle continues to meet the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 and the person appropriately replaces the label indicating the classification required in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5.(e) A person shall not sell a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5.(f) Commencing January 1, 2026, any product or device sold in the previous five years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle pursuant to Section 312.5 as of January 1, 2026, shall be subject to customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer of that product. The retailer or manufacturer shall provide written notification to affected customers, including by email, that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. If the product meets the current definition of another type of device under this code, the notice shall include that information and inform the customer that they may be required to meet additional legal requirements, including, but not limited to, registration and licensing.
24016. (a) An electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 shall meet the following criteria:(1) Comply with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(2) Operate in a manner so that the electric motor is disengaged or ceases to function when the brakes are applied, or operate in a manner such that the motor is engaged through a switch or mechanism that, when released or activated, will cause the electric motor to disengage or cease to function.(b) A person operating an electric bicycle is not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, drivers licenses, registration, and license plate requirements, and an electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle.(c) Every manufacturer of an electric bicycle shall certify that it complies with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).(d) A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 so as to change the speed capability of the bicycle, unless the bicycle continues to meet the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 and the person appropriately replaces the label indicating the classification required in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5.(e) A person shall not sell a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5.(f) Commencing January 1, 2026, any product or device sold in the previous five years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle pursuant to Section 312.5 as of January 1, 2026, shall be subject to customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer of that product. The retailer or manufacturer shall provide written notification to affected customers, including by email, that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. If the product meets the current definition of another type of device under this code, the notice shall include that information and inform the customer that they may be required to meet additional legal requirements, including, but not limited to, registration and licensing.
24016. (a) An electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 shall meet the following criteria:
(1) Comply with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).
(2) Operate in a manner so that the electric motor is disengaged or ceases to function when the brakes are applied, or operate in a manner such that the motor is engaged through a switch or mechanism that, when released or activated, will cause the electric motor to disengage or cease to function.
(b) A person operating an electric bicycle is not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, drivers licenses, registration, and license plate requirements, and an electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle.
(c) Every manufacturer of an electric bicycle shall certify that it complies with the equipment and manufacturing requirements for bicycles adopted by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (16 C.F.R. 1512.1, et seq.).
(d) A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle described in subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 so as to change the speed capability of the bicycle, unless the bicycle continues to meet the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5 and the person appropriately replaces the label indicating the classification required in subdivision (c) of Section 312.5.
(e) A person shall not sell a product or device that can modify the speed capability of an electric bicycle such that it no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under subdivision (a) of Section 312.5.
(f) Commencing January 1, 2026, any product or device sold in the previous five years as an electric bicycle that no longer meets the definition of electric bicycle pursuant to Section 312.5 as of January 1, 2026, shall be subject to customer notification by the retailer or manufacturer of that product. The retailer or manufacturer shall provide written notification to affected customers, including by email, that the product or device no longer meets the definition of an electric bicycle under state law. If the product meets the current definition of another type of device under this code, the notice shall include that information and inform the customer that they may be required to meet additional legal requirements, including, but not limited to, registration and licensing.
SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution.
SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution.
SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution.
### SEC. 4.
It is the intent of the Legislature to enact legislation relating to electric motorcycles and electric bicycles.