Second Regular Session
Seventy-third General Assembly
STATE OF COLORADO
REENGROSSED
This Version Includes All Amendments
Adopted in the House of Introduction
LLS NO. 22-0999.01 Nicole Myers x4326
SENATE BILL 22-211
Senate Committees House Committees
Health & Human Services
Appropriations
A BILL FOR AN ACT
C
ONCERNING THE REPURPOSING OF THE RIDGE VIEW CAMPUS INTO A101
SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY FOR PEOPLE102
EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS , AND, IN CONNECTION
103
THEREWITH, MAKING AN APPROPRIATION .104
Bill Summary
(Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced and does
not reflect any amendments that may be subsequently adopted. If this bill
passes third reading in the house of introduction, a bill summary that
applies to the reengrossed version of this bill will be available at
http://leg.colorado.gov
.)
In 2001, the state began operating an academic model juvenile
facility on the parcel of real property formerly known as the Lowry
bombing range and currently referred to as the Ridge View campus. The
SENATE
3rd Reading Unamended
May 2, 2022
SENATE
Amended 2nd Reading
April 29, 2022
SENATE SPONSORSHIP
Fields and Hinrichsen, Buckner, Moreno, Pettersen, Priola
HOUSE SPONSORSHIP
Valdez A.,
Shading denotes HOUSE amendment. Double underlining denotes SENATE amendment.
Capital letters or bold & italic numbers indicate new material to be added to existing statute.
Dashes through the words indicate deletions from existing statute. juvenile facility, known as the Ridge View Youth Services Center,
operated for 20 years at the Ridge View campus until the state closed the
facility in 2021. The bill requires that the Ridge View campus be
repurposed and converted into the Ridge View Supportive Residential
Community to provide transitional housing, a continuum of behavioral
health service treatment, medical care, vocational training, and skill
development for its residents and the general public.
The department of human services (department) is required to
transfer ownership of all or part of the Ridge View campus to the
department of personnel for use by the division of housing (division) for
the purposes of repurposing the Ridge View campus. The division, in
collaboration with the behavioral health administration and the
department of human services, is required to develop a feasible master
plan for the redevelopment and operations of the Ridge View campus and
is required to enter into one or more contracts with private contractors to
establish the Ridge View Supportive Residential Community at the Ridge
View campus.
The Ridge View Supportive Residential Community is required to
provide the following services and programs:
! A transitional housing program for individual adults with
case management, care coordination, and vocational and
housing placement assistance;
! A continuum of behavioral health services and treatment,
informed by American Society of Addiction Medicine
standards, available to people coming from the transitional
housing program and to the general public; and
! A federally qualified health clinic at which people have
access to medical treatments that help facilitate recovery,
including medical and dental care and a continuum of
behavioral health services. The health clinic and all
behavioral health services and treatment are required to be
accessible to people receiving other treatment at the Ridge
View Supportive Residential Community, people residing
in the transitional housing, and the general public.
The bill specifies eligibility criteria for the programs and services
that will be offered at the Ridge View Supportive Residential Community
and specifies how individuals may be referred to the community.
For the 2022-23 state fiscal year, the bill requires the general
assembly to appropriate money from the economic recovery and relief
cash fund to the division for the repurposing of the Ridge View campus
and authorizes the division to use up to 10% of the amount appropriated
for its administrative costs in connection with the repurposing of the
Ridge View campus. The bill requires the division to comply with
specified reporting requirements.
211
-2- Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:1
SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-32-703, add (7.5)2
as follows:3
24-32-703. Definitions. As used in this part 7, unless the context4
otherwise requires:5
(7.5) "R
IDGE VIEW CAMPUS" MEANS THE REAL PROPERTY6
FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE LOWRY BOMBING RANGE THAT WAS7
REDEVELOPED BY THE STATE IN 2001 AND THAT HOUSED THE RIDGE VIEW8
Y
OUTH SERVICES CENTER UNTIL 2021.9
SECTION 2. In Colorado Revised Statutes, add 24-32-726 as10
follows:11
24-32-726. Ridge View Supportive Residential Community at12
the Ridge View campus - report - legislative declaration.13
(1) Legislative declaration. (a) T
HE GENERAL ASSEMBLY HEREBY FINDS ,14
DETERMINES, AND DECLARES THAT:15
(I) A
S THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN16
DEVELOPMENT STATED AFTER THE PASSAGE OF THE "AMERICAN RESCUE17
P
LAN ACT OF 2021", THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAS EXACERBATED OUR18
NATION'S ALREADY SEVERE HOUSING AFFORDABILITY CRISIS ;19
(II) T
ODAY, ONE IN FIVE RENTERS IS BEHIND ON RENT AND JUST20
OVER TEN MILLION HOME OWNERS ARE BEHIND ON MORTGAGE PAYMENTS ;21
(III) P
EOPLE OF COLOR FACE EVEN GREATER HARDSHIPS AND ARE22
MORE LIKELY TO HAVE DEFERRED OR MISSED PAYMENTS , PUTTING THEM23
AT A GREATER RISK OF EVICTION AND FORECLOSURE ;24
(IV) A
T THE SAME TIME, OUR NATION'S HOMELESSNESS CRISIS HAS25
WORSENED DURING THE PANDEMIC , AS PEOPLE EXPERIENCING26
211-3- HOMELESSNESS ARE HIGHLY VULNERABLE TO COVID-19 TRANSMISSION,1
ILLNESS, AND SEVERITY DUE TO THEIR USE OF CONGREGATE SHELTERS AND2
THEIR HIGH PREVALENCE OF UNDERLYING HEALTH CONDITIONS ;3
(V) C
OLORADO IS NO EXCEPTION, AS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC4
HAS HIT LOW- AND EXTREMELY LOW-INCOME INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES5
WHO WERE ALREADY SEVERELY COST -BURDENED, INCREASING THEIR RISK6
OF EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS OR INABILITY TO RESOLVE THEIR7
HOMELESSNESS;8
(VI) I
N THE DENVER METRO AREA ALONE , SHELTERS SAW A9
NINETY-NINE PERCENT INCREASE IN PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS10
FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM JANUARY 2020 TO JANUARY 2021; AND11
(VII) T
HE NUMBER OF DEATHS DUE TO OVERDOSE AMONG PEOPLE12
EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER13
INCREASED BY THIRTY-FOUR PERCENT FROM 2020 TO 2021.14
(b) T
HE GENERAL ASSEMBLY FURTHER FINDS AND DECLARES THAT :15
(I) T
HE RIDGE VIEW CAMPUS, THAT FORMERLY OPERATED AS THE16
R
IDGE VIEW YOUTH SERVICES CENTER, IS NO LONGER BEING USED AS OF17
J
ULY 1, 2021, AND THE STATE HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO REPURPOSE THE18
CAMPUS TO ENSURE THAT IT CONTINUES TO SUPPORT COLORADANS MOST19
IN NEED;20
(II) C
ONVERTING THE RIDGE VIEW CAMPUS INTO A21
RECOVERY-ORIENTED COMMUNITY FOR INDIVIDUAL ADULTS WITHOUT22
STABLE HOUSING WHO WISH TO FOCUS ON RECOVERY FROM A SUBSTANCE23
USE DISORDER WILL PROVIDE LOW-BARRIER ACCESS TO COMPREHENSIVE24
CARE AND TREATMENTS AND WILL ALLOW PEOPLE TO RECOVER AND HEAL25
IN A SAFE AND STABLE ENVIRONMENT ;26
(III) T
HE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY AT27
211
-4- THE RIDGE VIEW CAMPUS WILL INCLUDE MULTIPLE COMPONENTS TO1
PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE SUPPORT ACROSS A CONTINUUM OF SUBSTANCE2
USE RECOVERY TREATMENTS AND PROGRAMMING , AND THE GOAL WILL BE3
TO HAVE INDIVIDUALS LEAVE THE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL4
C
OMMUNITY IN ACTIVE RECOVERY AND IMPROVED HEALTH SO THEY CAN5
TRANSITION TO STABLE HOUSING AND COMMUNITY -BASED SUPPORTS, AS6
WELL AS EMPLOYMENT WHERE POSSIBLE ;
7
(IV) W
HILE THE RIDGE VIEW CAMPUS WILL SERVE AN IMPORTANT
8
NEED AS A RECOVERY-ORIENTED COMMUNITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION ,9
THE STATE CONTINUES TO EXPERIENCE A YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS .10
C
OLORADO REMAINS COMMITTED TO ADDRESSING THE BEHAVIORAL
11
HEALTH CRISIS THROUGH COLLABORATION ACROSS STATE GOVERNMENT12
TO ENSURE THAT CHILDREN HAVE ACCESS TO THE CARE THEY NEED IN THE13
MOST APPROPRIATE SETTING.14
(V) PROVIDING SUPPORT AND PROGRAMMING PURSUANT TO THIS15
SECTION AT THE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY IS16
AN IMPORTANT GOVERNMENT SERVICE .17
(2) Administration. (a) B
EGINNING JULY 1, 2022, THE RIDGE18
V
IEW CAMPUS IS DESIGNATED AS A SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY19
FOR PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS THAT SHALL BE KNOWN AS THE20
R
IDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY. THE PURPOSE OF21
THE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY IS TO PROVIDE22
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING, A CONTINUUM OF BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES23
AND TREATMENT, MEDICAL CARE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, AND SKILL24
DEVELOPMENT FOR THE RESIDENTS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC . THE25
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES SHALL TRANSFER OWNERSHIP OF ALL26
OR PART OF THE RIDGE VIEW CAMPUS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PERSONNEL27
211
-5- FOR USE BY THE DIVISION OF HOUSING FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION.1
T
HE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES MAY RETAIN OWNERSHIP OF ANY2
VACANT PORTION OF THE RIDGE VIEW CAMPUS THAT IS NOT REQUIRED FOR3
THE PURPOSES SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION AND USE, OR ALLOW ANOTHER4
STATE AGENCY TO USE, ANY SUCH PORTION OF THE RIDGE VIEW CAMPUS5
FOR ANY OTHER LAWFUL PURPOSE .6
(b) T
HE DIVISION, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE BEHAVIORAL7
HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, CREATED IN PART 2 OF ARTICLE 60 OF TITLE 27,8
AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES , SHALL DEVELOP A FEASIBLE9
MASTER PLAN FOR THE REDEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF THE RIDGE
10
V
IEW CAMPUS INTO THE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL
11
C
OMMUNITY, INCLUDING A FINANCIAL PLAN FOR START-UP AND ONGOING
12
OPERATIONAL COSTS. THE DIVISION SHALL ENTER INTO ONE OR MORE13
CONTRACTS WITH PUBLIC OR PRIVATE CONTRACTORS TO ESTABLISH THE14
COMMUNITY. THE CONTRACTOR OR CONTRACTORS SELECTED BY THE15
DIVISION MUST BE EXPERIENCED IN PROVIDING STATEWIDE INTEGRATED16
HOUSING, HEALTH CARE, RECOVERY TREATMENT , AND SUPPORTIVE17
SERVICE PROGRAMS FOR PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS OR18
SIMILAR POPULATIONS.19
(c) T
HE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY20
SHALL PROVIDE FOOD AND ROOM AND BOARD TO EACH INDIVIDUAL WHILE21
RESIDING AT THE COMMUNITY AT NO COST TO THE INDIVIDUAL .22
(d) T
HE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES , IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
23
THE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH ADMINISTRATION AND THE DEPARTMENT OF24
HEALTH CARE POLICY AND FINANCING , WILL WORK TO ENSURE THAT25
YOUTH BED CAPACITY WILL BE CREATED ELSEWHERE IN A MANNER THAT26
MOST APPROPRIATELY SERVES THE MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS OF27
211
-6- COLORADO'S YOUTH.1
(3) Transitional housing program. (a) T
HE RIDGE VIEW2
S
UPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY SHALL PROVIDE TRANSITIONAL3
HOUSING FOR INDIVIDUAL ADULTS FOR UP TO TWO YEARS WITH CASE4
MANAGEMENT, CARE COORDINATION, AND VOCATIONAL AND HOUSING5
PLACEMENT ASSISTANCE . IN ALIGNMENT WITH BEST PRACTICES , THE6
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING PROGRAM SHALL PROVIDE CASE MANAGERS AND7
PEER SUPPORTS AT AN AVERAGE RATIO OF ONE CASE MANAGER FOR EVERY8
FIFTEEN TRANSITIONAL HOUSING RESIDENTS .9
(b) T
HE TRANSITIONAL HOUSING PROGRAM SHALL :10
(I) F
OCUS ON PERSON-CENTERED GOAL PLANNING AND CARE11
COORDINATION;12
(II) C
ONNECT INDIVIDUALS TO PERMANENT HOUSING OPTIONS IN13
THEIR COMMUNITY OF CHOICE;14
(III) P
ROVIDE EMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE SUCH AS VOCATIONAL15
EDUCATION AND INDIVIDUAL PLACEMENT AND SUPPORT ; AND16
(IV) C
ONNECT INDIVIDUALS TO SAFETY -NET PROGRAMS FOR17
WHICH THEY ARE ELIGIBLE, SUCH AS SNAP, MEDICAID, SSI, SSDI, TANF,18
HOUSING VOUCHER PROGRAMS ,
AND UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE19
BENEFITS.20
(4) Substance use recovery treatment and services. T
HE RIDGE21
V
IEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY SHALL PROVIDE A22
CONTINUUM OF CARE INFORMED BY AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ADDICTION23
M
EDICINE STANDARDS, WHICH SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO PEOPLE COMING24
FROM THE TRANSITIONAL HOUSING PROGRAM AND TO THE GENERAL25
PUBLIC DEEMED TO BE IN MEDICAL NEED OF THE CARE .26
(5) Federally qualified health center.
THE RIDGE VIEW27
211
-7- SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY SHALL PROVIDE A FEDERALLY1
QUALIFIED HEALTH CENTER , AS DEFINED IN THE FEDERAL "SOCIAL2
S
ECURITY ACT", 42 U.S.C. SEC. 1395x (aa)(4), OR OTHER PRIMARY CARE
3
CLINIC, AT WHICH PEOPLE HAVE ACCESS TO MEDICAL TREATMENTS THAT4
HELP FACILITATE RECOVERY, INCLUDING MEDICAL AND DENTAL CARE AND5
A CONTINUUM OF BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES . THE HEALTH CENTER6
AND ALL TREATMENT SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE CENTER SHALL BE7
ACCESSIBLE TO PEOPLE IN THE TRANSITIONAL HOUSING PROGRAM AND TO8
MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC DEEMED TO BE IN MEDICAL NEED OF9
THE TREATMENT.10
(6) Eligibility. (a) T
O BE ELIGIBLE TO RESIDE IN AND RECEIVE11
SERVICES AT THE TRANSITIONAL HOUSING PROGRAM , AN INDIVIDUAL MUST12
BE:13
(I) E
XPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS OR BE AT RISK OF EXPERIENCING14
HOMELESSNESS;15
(II) C
HOOSING TO FOCUS ON RECOVERY VOLUNTARILY ; AND16
(III) I
N A POSITION WHERE IT IS MEDICALLY SAFE FOR THE17
INDIVIDUAL TO BE IN TRANSITIONAL HOUSING .18
(b) T
HE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY19
SHALL PRIORITIZE ACCESS FOR INDIVIDUALS BASED ON NEED , THE LENGTH20
OF TIME THE INDIVIDUAL HAS BEEN EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS , WITH21
PRIORITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCING HOMELESS FOR22
THE LONGEST PERIOD, AND THE FREQUENCY WITH WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL23
USES PUBLIC SYSTEMS, WITH PRIORITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE THE24
MOST FREQUENT USERS OF SUCH SYSTEMS .25
(7) Referral coordination. T
HE ORGANIZATION OR26
ORGANIZATIONS THAT ADMINISTER THE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE27
211
-8- RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY SHALL WORK WITH LOCAL PROVIDERS ACROSS1
THE STATE TO SET UP A REFERRAL SYSTEM FOR CLIENTS TO LIVE AT THE2
COMMUNITY. THE REFERRAL SYSTEM SHALL EMPHASIZE THE CRITERIA3
SPECIFIED IN SUBSECTION (6) OF THIS SECTION , COORDINATE4
TRANSPORTATION TO AND FROM THE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE5
R
ESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY, AND ASSIST INDIVIDUALS IN THE TRANSITION6
BACK TO THE GENERAL COMMUNITY AFTER RESIDING AT THE RIDGE VIEW7
S
UPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY.8
(8) Source of money for repurposing the Ridge View campus.9
(a) F
OR THE 2022-23 STATE FISCAL YEAR, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY SHALL10
APPROPRIATE FORTY-FIVE MILLION DOLLARS FROM THE ECONOMIC11
RECOVERY AND RELIEF CASH FUND CREATED IN SECTION 24-75-228 (2)(a)12
TO THE DIVISION FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION . ANY MONEY13
APPROPRIATED IN THE 2022-23 STATE FISCAL YEAR THAT IS NOT14
ENCUMBERED OR EXPENDED AT THE END OF THAT STATE FISCAL YEAR15
REMAINS AVAILABLE FOR EXPENDITURE BY THE DIVISION IN SUBSEQUENT16
STATE FISCAL YEARS WITHOUT FURTHER APPROPRIATION , SUBJECT TO THE17
REQUIREMENTS FOR OBLIGATING AND EXPENDING MONEY RECEIVED18
UNDER THE FEDERAL "AMERICAN RESCUE PLAN ACT OF 2021", PUB.L.19
117-2,
AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 24-75-226 (4)(d).20
(b) T
HE DIVISION MAY USE UP TO TEN PERCENT OF THE AMOUNT21
APPROPRIATED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION FOR ITS COSTS ASSOCIATED22
WITH ADMINISTERING THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION , INCLUDING23
THE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIED IN SUBSECTION (2)(b) OF THIS SECTION.24
(c) T
HE DIVISION SHALL USE UP TO TEN PERCENT OF THE AMOUNT
25
APPROPRIATED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (8)(a) OF THIS SECTION FOR ITS26
COSTS IN CONNECTION WITH TRANSPORTATION .27
211
-9- (9) Reporting requirement. (a) T HE DIVISION SHALL COMPLY1
WITH THE COMPLIANCE, REPORTING, RECORD-KEEPING, AND PROGRAM2
EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS ESTABLISHED BY THE OFFICE OF STATE3
PLANNING AND BUDGETING AND THE STATE CONTROLLER IN ACCORDANCE4
WITH SECTION 24-75-226 (5).5
(b) I
N ADDITION TO THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIED IN6
SUBSECTION (9)(a) OF THIS SECTION, THE DIVISION SHALL PREPARE AN7
ANNUAL REPORT REGARDING THE OPERATIONS OF THE RIDGE VIEW8
S
UPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY, INCLUDING AN UPDATE ON THE9
IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS SECTION , THE SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAMS10
REQUIRED BY SUBSECTIONS (3), (4), AND (5) OF THIS SECTION, THE11
NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE RECEIVED SERVICES AT THE RIDGE VIEW12
S
UPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY, THE CONTRACTORS THAT THE13
DIVISION SELECTED TO ESTABLISH AND OPERATE THE RIDGE VIEW14
S
UPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (2)(b)15
OF THIS SECTION, AND ANY OTHER INFORMATION DEEMED RELEVANT BY16
THE DIVISION. THE DIVISION SHALL SUBMIT THE REPORT TO THE17
COMMITTEES OF REFERENCE OF THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF18
REPRESENTATIVES THAT HAVE OVERSIGHT OVER LOCAL AFFAIRS . IN19
ADDITION, THE DIVISION SHALL UPDATE ITS COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AS20
A PART OF ITS PRESENTATION AT A HEARING HELD PURSUANT TO SECTION21
2-7-203 (2)(a)
OF THE "STATE MEASUREMENT FOR ACCOUNTABLE,22
R
ESPONSIVE, AND TRANSPARENT (SMART) GOVERNMENT ACT",23
REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS SECTION AND THE OPERATION24
OF THE RIDGE VIEW SUPPORTIVE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY.25
N
OTWITHSTANDING THE REQUIREMENT IN SECTION 24-1-136 (11)(a)(I),26
THE REQUIREMENT TO SUBMIT THE REPORT REQUIRED IN THIS SUBSECTION27
211
-10- (9)(b) CONTINUES INDEFINITELY.1
SECTION 3. In Colorado Revised Statutes, repeal 19-2.5-1521.2
SECTION 4. Appropriation. (1) For the 2022-23 state fiscal3
year, $45,000,000 is appropriated to the department of local affairs for4
use by the division of housing. This appropriation is from the economic5
recovery and relief cash fund created in section 24-75-228 (2)(a), C.R.S.,6
is of money the state received from the federal coronavirus state fiscal7
recovery fund, and is based on an assumption that the division will8
require an additional 2.3 FTE. To implement this act, the division may9
use this appropriation for ridge view campus. Any money appropriated in10
this section not expended prior to July 1, 2023, is further appropriated to11
the division from July 1, 2023, through December 30, 2024, for the same12
purpose.13
(2) For the 2022-23 state fiscal year, $44,557 is appropriated to14
the department of human services for use by the behavioral health15
administration. This appropriation is from the General Fund, and is based16
on an assumption that the administration will require an additional 0.417
FTE. To implement this act, the administration may use this appropriation18
for program administration.19
SECTION 5. Safety clause. The general assembly hereby finds,20
determines, and declares that this act is necessary for the immediate21
preservation of the public peace, health, or safety.22
211
-11-