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July 1, 2024 SB 24-011
Legislative Council Staff
Nonpartisan Services for Colorado’s Legislature
Final Fiscal Note
Drafting Number:
Prime Sponsors:
LLS 24-0730
Sen. Winter F.; Cutter
Rep. Duran; Willford
Date:
Bill Status:
Fiscal Analyst:
July 1, 2024
Signed into Law
Aaron Carpenter | 303-866-4918
aaron.carpenter@coleg.gov
Bill Topic: ONLINE-FACILITATED MISCONDUCT & REMOTE TRACKING
Summary of
Fiscal Impact:
☒ State Revenue
☒ State Expenditure
☐ State Transfer
☐ TABOR Refund
☒ Local Government
☐ Statutory Public Entity
The bill requires online dating services to adopt certain policies; creates a civil action;
and updates certain criminal offenses around posting an image online to include
computer generated or digitally altered images. Starting in FY 2024-25, the bill will
increase state revenue and state and local expenditures on an ongoing basis.
Appropriation
Summary:
No appropriation is required.
Fiscal Note
Status:
This final fiscal note reflects the enacted bill.
Summary of Legislation
The bill requires online dating services to adopt certain policies; allows individuals to bring a civil
suit if they were tracked without their consent; and updates certain criminal offenses regarding
posting an image online to include computer-generated or digitally altered images, as described
below.
Policies for online dating services. The bill requires an online dating service that has a
member within the state of Colorado to adopt a safety policy and have the policy effective by
January 1, 2025, or within one year after the service registers its first member in Colorado. The
bill outlines what the policy must include and requires the service to post a link to its policy on
the front page of its website. The service must submit the URL to its safety policy to the Attorney
General within 15 days of its adoption, and within 7 days of any changes to the URL.
By January 31, 2026, and each year thereafter, online dating services must annually report to the
Attorney General concerning member safety, the service’s compliance with its safety policy, and
any other requirements the Attorney General adopts by rule. The Attorney General must post
links to safety policies and annual reporting.
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July 1, 2024 SB 24-011
Prior to commencing an enforcement action against an online dating service, the Attorney
General or district attorney’s office must issue a notice of violation if it is determined that it is
possible for the service to cure the violation. Enforcement actions may be brought if the service
fails to cure the violation within 30 days. An online dating service that fails to comply with these
requirements engages in a deceptive trade practice.
Civil actions. The bill allows a person who was tracked by a tracking device or tracking
application may bring a claim for damages against the actor who installed the tracking device
without the person’s consent.
Criminal actions. Finally, the bill modifies the crimes of posting a private image for harassment
and posting a private image for pecuniary gain so that it is not a defense to an alleged violation
that an image is digitally created or altered. For the crime of posting, possession, or exchange of
a private imagine by a juvenile, the bill clarifies that sexually explicit images include real or
simulated images.
Comparable Crime Analysis
Legislative Council Staff is required to include certain information in the fiscal note for any bill
that creates a new crime, changes the classification of an existing crime, or creates a new factual
basis for an existing crime. The following section outlines crimes that are comparable to the
offense in this bill and discusses assumptions on future rates of criminal convictions resulting
from the bill.
Prior conviction data and assumptions. This bill creates a new factual basis for three existing
offenses by adding simulated images to the offenses. Sentencing and demographic data for
each offense can be found below.
Posting a private image for harassment. From FY 2020-21 to FY 2022-23, 138 individuals
have been convicted and sentenced for this class 1 misdemeanor. Of the persons convicted,
119 were male and 19 were female. Demographically, 93 were White, 27 were Black/African
American, 12 were Hispanic, 1 was Asian, 1 was American Indian, and 4 were classified as
"Other."
Posting a private image for pecuniary gain. From FY 2020-21 to FY 2022-23, 2 individuals
have been convicted and sentenced for this class 1 misdemeanor. Of the persons convicted,
1 was a white male and 1 was a white female.
Posting, possession, or exchange of a private image by a juvenile. Due to confidentiality
concerns around crimes concerning juveniles, sentencing and demographic data is
unavailable for these offenses that range from a civil infraction to a class 1 misdemeanor.
However, the courts do report that between 2021 and 2024, there were 107 cases filed for
this offense, or about 36 cases per year.
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July 1, 2024 SB 24-011
Assumptions. Based on analysis from the courts and district attorneys, this analysis assumes
that adding simulated sexual images to these offenses will have a minimal impact on
convictions. Because the bill is not expected to have a tangible impact on criminal justice-related
revenue or expenditures at the state or local levels, these potential impacts are not discussed
further in this fiscal note. Visit leg.colorado.gov/fiscalnotes for more information about criminal
justice costs in fiscal notes.
State Revenue
The bill may increase revenue from civil penalties and filing fees related to the deceptive trade
practice and the civil actions created by the bill.
Civil penalties. Under the Colorado Consumer Protection Act, a person committing a deceptive
trade practice may be subject to a civil penalty of up to $20,000 for each violation. Additional
penalties may be imposed for subsequent violations of a court order or injunction. This revenue
is classified as a damage award and not subject to TABOR. Given the uncertainty about the
number of cases that may be pursued by the Attorney General and district attorneys, as well as
the wide range in potential penalty amounts, the fiscal note cannot estimate the potential
impact of these civil penalties.
Filing fees. The bill may increase revenue to the Judicial Department from an increase in civil
case filings. Revenue from filing fees is subject to TABOR.
State Expenditures
Starting in FY 2024-25, workload in the Department of Law and the Judicial Department will
increase as described below.
Department of Law. Workload in the Department of Law will increase to collect and post online
dating service safety policies and annual reporting; this work can be accomplished within
existing resources. To the extent that deceptive trade practice complaints are filed, workload will
increase for the department to review complaints and prioritize investigations as necessary
within the overall number of deceptive trade practice complaints and available resources.
Judicial Department. Trial courts may experience an increase in workload to the extent
additional civil cases are filed under the Colorado Consumer Protection Act from the addition of
new deceptive trade practices, or from other civil actions allowed by the bill. The fiscal note
assumes that online dating services and individuals will comply with the law and any increase
will be minimal.
Local Government
Similar to the state, to the extent district attorneys receive deceptive trade practice complaints
related to the new deceptive trade practice under the bill, workload will increase to investigate
complaints and seek relief when appropriate. It is assumed most such cases will be handled at
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July 1, 2024 SB 24-011
Effective Date
The bill was signed into law by the Governor on June 5, 2024, and takes effect on
August 7, 2024, assuming no referendum petition is filed, and applies to offenses
committed and claims made on or after that date.
State and Local Government Contacts
District Attorneys Judicial Law
The revenue and expenditure impacts in this fiscal note represent changes from current law under the bill for each
fiscal year. For additional information about fiscal notes, please visit the General Assembly website.