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General Assembly Substitute Bill No. 1059
January Session, 2021
AN ACT CONCERNING TH E OFFICE OF THE CORRECTION
OMBUDS, THE USE OF ISOLATED CONFINEMENT, SECLUSION AND
RESTRAINTS, SOCIAL CONTACTS FOR INCARCERATED PERSONS
AND TRAINING AND WOR KERS' COMPENSATION B ENEFITS FOR
CORRECTION OFFICERS.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
Assembly convened:
Section 1. Section 18-81jj of the general statutes is repealed and the 1
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 2
(a) (1) There is, within the Office of Governmental Accountability 3
established under section 1-300, the Office of the Correction Ombuds for 4
the provision of ombuds services. 5
[(a)] (2) For [the] purposes of this section, ["ombudsman services"] 6
"ombuds services" includes: 7
[(1) the receipt of] (A) Evaluating the delivery of services to 8
incarcerated persons by the Department of Correction, its contractors 9
and other entities that provide services to people detained in 10
correctional institutions or halfway houses through funding provided 11
by the state; 12
(B) Reviewing periodically the procedures established by the 13
Department of Correction to carry out the provisions of title 18 with a 14
view toward the rights of incarcerated persons; 15 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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(C) Receiving complaints [by the ombudsman] from persons 16
[eighteen years of age or younger] in the custody of the Commissioner 17
of Correction regarding decisions, actions, omissions, policies, 18
procedures, rules or regulations of the Department of Correction; [,] 19
[(2) investigating] (D) Investigating such complaints, rendering a 20
decision on the merits of each complaint and communicating the 21
decision to the complainant; [, (3) recommending] 22
(E) Recommending to the commissioner a resolution of any 23
complaint found to have merit; [, (4) recommending] 24
(F) Reviewing the operation of facilities and procedures employed at 25
such facilities where a person may be housed who is in the custody of 26
the commissioner; 27
(G) Providing assistance including, but not limited to, advocating 28
with a department or service provider or others on behalf of the 29
incarcerated person; 30
(H) Recommending procedure and policy revisions to the 31
department; [, and (5) publishing] 32
(I) Taking all possible actions, including, but not limited to, 33
conducting programs of public education, undertaking legislative 34
advocacy and making proposals for systemic reform and formal legal 35
action, in order to secure and ensure the rights of persons in the custody 36
of the commissioner; and 37
(J) Publishing a quarterly report of all [ombudsman] ombuds services 38
and activities. 39
(b) [The Commissioner of Correction shall hire a person to provide 40
ombudsman services and shall annually report the name of such person 41
to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having 42
cognizance of matters relating to the Department of Correction in 43
accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a. In addition to the 44 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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executive assistant positions authorized under subdivision (10) of 45
section 5-198, the commissioner may hire an executive assistant to carry 46
out the duties of this section.] (1) Not later than October 1, 2021, and 47
upon any vacancy in the position of Correction Ombuds, the Governor 48
shall nominate a person qualified by training and experience to perform 49
and lead the office of Correction Ombuds. Any nomination by the 50
Governor for appointment of Correction Ombuds shall be referred, 51
without debate, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly 52
having cognizance of matters relating to corrections which shall report 53
on each appointment not later than thirty days after the date of 54
reference. Each such appointment by the General Assembly shall be by 55
concurrent resolution. 56
(2) The person appointed as Correction Ombuds shall serve for an 57
initial term of two years and may be reappointed for succeeding terms. 58
(3) Upon any vacancy in the position of Correction Ombuds and until 59
such time as a candidate has been confirmed by the General Assembly 60
or, if the General Assembly is not in session, the candidate designated 61
for appointment by the Governor shall serve as the acting Correction 62
Ombuds and be entitled to the compensation, privileges and powers of 63
the Correction Ombuds until the General Assembly meets to take action 64
on said appointment. 65
(4) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, the 66
Correction Ombuds shall act independently of any department in the 67
performance of the office's duties. 68
(5) The Correction Ombuds may, within available funds, appoint 69
such staff as may be deemed necessary. The duties of the staff may 70
include the duties and powers of the Correction Ombuds if performed 71
under the direction of the Correction Ombuds. 72
(6) The General Assembly shall annually appropriate such sums as 73
necessary for the payment of the salaries of the staff and for the payment 74
of office expenses and other actual expenses incurred by the Correction 75 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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Ombuds in the performance of his or her duties. Any legal or court fees 76
obtained by the state in actions brought by the Correction Ombuds shall 77
be deposited in the General Fund. 78
(7) The Correction Ombuds shall annually submit, in accordance with 79
the provisions of section 11-4a, to the Governor and the joint standing 80
committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters 81
relating to corrections, public health and human services a detailed 82
report analyzing the work of the Office of the Correction Ombuds. 83
(c) Prior to any person [eighteen years of age or younger] in the 84
custody of the Commissioner of Correction obtaining [ombudsman] 85
ombuds services, such person shall have reasonably pursued a 86
resolution of the complaint through any existing internal grievance of 87
appellate procedures of the Department of Correction. 88
(d) All oral and written communications, and records relating to such 89
communications between a person [eighteen years of age or younger] in 90
the custody of the Commissioner of Correction and the [ombudsman] 91
Correction Ombuds or a member of the [ombudsman's] Office of the 92
Correction Ombuds staff, including, but not limited to, the identity of a 93
complainant, the details of a complaint and the investigative findings 94
and conclusions of the [ombudsman] Correction Ombuds shall be 95
confidential and shall not be disclosed without the consent of the 96
person, except that the [ombudsman] Correction Ombuds may disclose 97
without the consent of the person (1) such communications or records 98
as may be necessary for the [ombudsman] Correction Ombuds to 99
conduct an investigation and support any recommendations the 100
ombudsman may make, or (2) the formal disposition of a person's 101
complaint when requested in writing by a court that is hearing such 102
person's application for a writ of habeas corpus that was filed 103
subsequent to an adverse finding by the [ombudsman] Correction 104
Ombuds on such person's complaint. 105
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, 106
whenever in the course of providing [ombudsman] ombuds services, 107 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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the [ombudsman] Correction Ombuds or a member of the 108
[ombudsman's] Office of the Correction Ombuds staff becomes aware 109
of the commission or planned commission of a criminal act or a threat 110
to the health and safety of any person or the security of a correctional 111
facility, the [ombudsman] Correction Ombuds shall notify the 112
Commissioner of Correction or a facility administrator of such act or 113
threat and the nature and target of the act or threat. 114
(f) If the Commissioner of Correction has a reasonable belief that a 115
person [eighteen years of age or younger] in the custody of the 116
commissioner has made or provided to the [ombudsman] Correction 117
Ombuds an oral or written communication concerning a safety or 118
security threat within the Department of Correction or directed against 119
an employee of the department, the [ombudsman] Correction Ombuds 120
shall provide to the commissioner all oral or written communications 121
relevant to such threat. 122
(g) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes concerning 123
the confidentiality of records and information, the Correction Ombuds 124
shall have access to, including the right to inspect and copy, any records 125
necessary to carry out the responsibilities of the Correction Ombuds as 126
provided in subsection (a) of this section. If the Correction Ombuds is 127
denied access to any records necessary to carry out said responsibilities, 128
he or she may issue a subpoena for the production of such records as 129
provided in subsection (i) of this section. 130
(h) In the performance of his or her responsibilities under subsection 131
(a) of this section, the Correction Ombuds may communicate privately 132
with any person in the custody of the commissioner. Such 133
communications shall be confidential. 134
(i) The Correction Ombuds may issue subpoenas to compel the 135
attendance and testimony of witnesses or the production of books, 136
papers and other documents and to administer oaths to witnesses in any 137
matter under his or her investigation. If any person to whom such 138
subpoena is issued fails to appear or, having appeared, refuses to give 139 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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testimony or fails to produce the evidence required, the Correction 140
Ombuds may apply to the superior court for the judicial district of 141
Hartford which shall have jurisdiction to order such person to appear 142
and give testimony or to produce such evidence, as the case may be. 143
(j) The Correction Ombuds may apply for and accept grants, gifts and 144
bequests of funds from other states, federal and interstate agencies and 145
independent authorities and private firms, individuals and foundations, 146
for the purpose of carrying out his or her responsibilities. There is 147
established within the General Fund a Correction Ombuds account 148
which shall be a separate nonlapsing account. Any funds received under 149
this subsection shall, upon deposit in the General Fund, be credited to 150
said account and may be used by the Correction Ombuds in the 151
performance of his or her duties. 152
(k) The name, address and other personally identifiable information 153
of a person who makes a complaint to the Correction Ombuds and all 154
information obtained or generated by the office in the course of an 155
investigation and all confidential records obtained by the Correction 156
Ombuds or a designee shall be confidential and shall not be subject to 157
disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act or otherwise, except 158
that such information and records, other than confidential information 159
concerning a pending law enforcement investigation or a pending 160
prosecution, may be disclosed if the Correction Ombuds determines 161
that disclosure is (1) in the general public interest, or (2) necessary to 162
enable the Correction Ombuds to perform his or her responsibilities 163
under subsection (a) of this section. 164
(l) No state or municipal agency shall discharge, or in any manner 165
discriminate or retaliate against, any employee who in good faith makes 166
a complaint to the Correction Ombuds or cooperates with the Office of 167
the Correction Ombuds in an investigation. 168
(m) The state of Connecticut shall protect and hold harmless any 169
attorney, director, investigator, social worker or other person employed 170
by the Office of the Correction Ombuds and any volunteer appointed 171 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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by the Correction Ombuds from financial loss and expense, including 172
legal fees and costs, if any, arising out of any claim, demand or suit for 173
damages resulting from acts or omissions committed in the discharge of 174
his or her duties with the program within the scope of his or her 175
employment or appointment which may constitute negligence but 176
which acts are not wanton, malicious or grossly negligent as determined 177
by a court of competent jurisdiction. 178
(n) The Office of the Correction Ombuds shall conduct a study 179
regarding the conditions in the state's correctional facilities and halfway 180
houses. Not later than October 1, 2022, and annually thereafter, the 181
Correction Ombuds shall submit a report, in accordance with section 11-182
4a to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having 183
cognizance of matters relating to corrections regarding the conditions of 184
confinement in the state's correctional facilities and halfway houses. 185
Sec. 2. Section 18-96b of the general statutes is repealed and the 186
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2022): 187
(a) As used in this section: 188
(1) "Abuse" means any act or omission by a department employee or 189
a person working under a contract or as a volunteer with the 190
department who acts or fails to act knowingly, recklessly or 191
intentionally, each as defined in section 53a-3, and which act or omission 192
caused, or could have caused mental harm, physical injury or death to 193
an incarcerated person; 194
[(1)] (2) "Administrative segregation status" means the Department of 195
Correction's practice of placing an inmate on restrictive housing status 196
following a determination that such inmate can no longer be safely 197
managed within the general inmate population of the correctional 198
facility; [and] 199
(3) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Correction; 200
(4) "De-escalation" means to effectively defuse a crisis without the use 201 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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of force by using tactics learned through training to recognize and 202
respond to emotions; 203
(5) "Department" means the Department of Correction; 204
(6) "Form and phase of housing" means any status, restrictive or 205
otherwise, that an incarcerated person may experience while in the 206
custody of the commissioner; 207
(7) "Incarcerated person" means a person confined and in the custody 208
and care of the Commissioner of Correction, including those persons in 209
pretrial, presentencing or post-conviction confinement; 210
(8) "Isolated confinement" means confinement of an incarcerated 211
person in a cell, alone or with others, for more than sixteen hours per 212
day; 213
(9) "Life-threatening physical restraint" means any physical restraint 214
or hold of a person that (A) restricts the flow of air into a person's lungs, 215
whether by chest compression or any other means, or (B) immobilizes 216
or reduces the free movement of a person's arms, legs or head while the 217
person is in the prone position; 218
(10) "Medical professional" means (A) A physician licensed under 219
chapter 370; (B) a physician assistant licensed under chapter 370; or (C) 220
an advanced practice registered nurse, registered nurse or practical 221
nurse licensed under chapter 378; 222
(11) "Member of a vulnerable population" means any incarcerated 223
person who: 224
(A) Is twenty-one years of age or younger, or sixty-five years of age 225
or older; 226
(B) Has a mental disability, as defined in section 53a-181i, a history of 227
psychiatric hospitalization, or has recently exhibited self-harming 228
conduct, including, but not limited to, self-mutilation; 229 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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(C) Has a developmental disability, as defined in section 17b-28; 230
(D) Has a serious medical condition that cannot be effectively treated 231
in isolated confinement; 232
(E) Is pregnant, is in the postpartum period, or has recently suffered 233
a miscarriage or terminated a pregnancy; or 234
(F) Has a significant auditory or visual impairment; 235
(12) "Neglect" means a negligent act or omission by any staff member 236
or volunteer which caused, or may have caused, injury or death to an 237
incarcerated person; 238
(13) "Pharmacological restraint" means a drug or medication when 239
used to manage a person's behavior or restrict a person's freedom of 240
movement and not as a standard treatment or administered in a dosage 241
appropriate for the patient's condition; 242
(14) "Physician" means a physician, licensed pursuant to chapter 370; 243
(15) "Psychiatric emergency" means an event during which a person 244
poses a substantiated threat of imminent physical harm to himself or 245
herself or another person due to an acute disturbance of behavior, 246
thought or mood; 247
(16) "Physical Restraint" means any mechanical device used to control 248
the movement of an incarcerated person's body or limbs, including, but 249
not limited to, flex cuffs, soft restraints, hard metal handcuffs, a black 250
box, leg irons, belly chains, a security chain or a convex shield, but does 251
not include any medical device or helmet, mitt or similar device used to 252
prevent self-injury when the device is part of a documented treatment 253
plan and is the least restrictive means available to prevent such self-254
injury; 255
(17) "Seclusion" means involuntary confinement of an incarcerated 256
person as a patient in a separate room, subject to close medical 257 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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supervision for the purpose of protecting the patient and others from 258
harm; 259
(18) "Serious incident" means any of the following: 260
(A) An attack on a department building or facility conducted from 261
outside of the building or facility; 262
(B) A significant breach of a department building or facility 263
perimeter; 264
(C) Possession of firearms, ammunition or explosives by an 265
incarcerated person or a visitor to a department building or facility; 266
(D) A death of an on-duty department employee, a person working 267
under a contract or as a volunteer with the department or a visitor to a 268
department building or facility or an unnatural death of an incarcerated 269
person; 270
(E) An injury to an on-duty department employee, a person working 271
under a contract or as a volunteer with the department, a visitor to a 272
department building or facility or an incarcerated person that results in 273
such person's admission to an acute care hospital; 274
(F) A riot or hostage situation at a department building or facility; 275
(G) A major fire at a department building or facility; 276
(H) A bomb threat directed at a department building or facility; 277
(I) A suspected bio-chemical contamination of a department building 278
or facility; 279
(J) Any suspected, attempted or confirmed escape of an incarcerated 280
person from a correctional facility or work detail or during transport, 281
including any such escape reported by a member of the public; 282
(K) Any incident requiring a unit to be placed on alert or mobilized 283 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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in response to an emergency at a department building or facility; 284
(L) An intentional or accidental discharge of a firearm at a 285
department building or facility, other than during training; 286
(M) Use of a category 2 chemical agent at a department building or 287
facility, as categorized in standards adopted by the federal Occupational 288
Safety and Health Administration, for purposes other than those 289
approved for building, facility or equipment maintenance; 290
(N) An event that seriously impacts normal operation of the 291
department such as a health emergency, power outage, any major 292
destruction or disablement of state property or an incident requiring an 293
unplanned lockdown of a department facility; 294
(O) A terrorist threat or intelligence of suspected terrorist activity; 295
(P) An instance of workplace violence or threat of workplace violence 296
in any workplace or as part of any work detail requiring the immediate 297
separation of incarcerated persons due to an imminent threat of 298
violence; 299
(Q) A reported sexual abuse of an incarcerated person or a 300
department employee or a person working under a contract or as a 301
volunteer with the department committed on or by an incarcerated 302
person or a staff member or a person working as a volunteer with the 303
department, where there is immediate evidence or indication that sexual 304
abuse has occurred; or 305
(R) A suicide attempt by an incarcerated person requiring immediate 306
life-saving measures; 307
(19) "Restraint" includes any pharmacological restraint, physical 308
restraint or soft restraint; 309
[(2)] (20) "Restrictive housing status" means [the designation of an 310
inmate by the Department of Correction that provides for closely 311 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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regulated management and separation of such inmate from other 312
inmates.] any classification that requires closely regulated management 313
and separation of an incarcerated person and includes, but is not limited 314
to, following correctional statuses: Administrative segregation, punitive 315
segregation, transfer detention, administrative detention, security risk 316
group, chronic discipline, special needs and protective custody; 317
(21) "Soft restraint" means any physical restraint constructed of 318
padded, quilted or pliable materials, but does not include, flex cuffs, 319
handcuffs, a black box, leg irons, a belly chain or a security chain; 320
(22) "Staff member" means an employee, contractor or subcontractor 321
of the department; 322
(23) "Therapist" means any (A) physician licensed pursuant to 323
chapter 370 who specializes in psychiatry, (B) psychologist licensed 324
pursuant to chapter 383, (C) marital and family therapist licensed 325
pursuant to chapter 383a, (D) clinical social worker or master social 326
worker licensed pursuant to chapter 383b, or (E) professional counselor 327
licensed pursuant to chapter 383c; 328
(24) "Unique individual" means a person who, for data collection 329
purposes, is associated with a unique identifier that is anonymized; and 330
(25) "Use of force" means the use of physical force or deadly physical 331
force, as defined in section 53a-3, by a staff member to compel 332
compliance by an incarcerated person. "Use of force" includes, but is not 333
limited to, the use of restraints, chemical agents, canines, chokeholds or 334
munitions or forceable extraction from a cell. 335
(b) (1) Each incarcerated person shall have the opportunity to be 336
outside of his or her cell for at least eight hours each day, except in the 337
case of an incarcerated person held in seclusion pursuant to subsection 338
(d) of this section or except as provided in subdivision (2) of this 339
subsection or in response to (A) a serious incident resulting in a 340
correctional facility-wide lockdown, (B) a substantiated threat of 341
imminent physical harm to another person as evidenced by recent 342 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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conduct; or (C) an incarcerated person's request for segregation for such 343
person's protection. 344
(2) Prior to holding any incarcerated person in isolated confinement 345
due to one of the situations described in subparagraph (A), (B) or (C) of 346
subdivision (1) of this subsection, (A) a physician shall personally 347
conduct a physical examination and a therapist shall personally conduct 348
a mental health evaluation to determine whether such person is a 349
member of a vulnerable population, and (B) the department shall 350
attempt to defuse the instant situation by using de-escalation methods 351
and less restrictive measures. Only if such methods and measures fail to 352
defuse the instant situation may the department hold a person in 353
isolated confinement. 354
(3) If holding an incarcerated person in isolated confinement, the 355
department shall: 356
(A) Ensure continuous monitoring to ensure the person's safety and 357
well-being; 358
(B) Ensure that any person held in isolated confinement shall have 359
sufficient and regular access to a toilet, water, food, light, air and heat; 360
(C) Continue de-escalation efforts; and 361
(D) End isolated confinement of the person as soon as the threat of 362
the serious incident or of imminent physical harm to others has passed 363
or such person no longer requests segregation for such person's 364
protection. 365
(4) The department shall not subject any incarcerated person to 366
isolated confinement (A) because of the incarcerated person's race, 367
creed, color, national origin, nationality, ancestry, age, marital status, 368
domestic partnership or civil union status, affectional or sexual 369
orientation, genetic information, pregnancy or breastfeeding status, sex, 370
gender identity or expression, disability or atypical hereditary cellular 371
or blood trait, or (B) for any continuous period longer than seventy-two 372 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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hours, or for more than seventy-two hours during any fourteen-day 373
period. 374
(5) No staff member with a rank lower than captain may order an 375
incarcerated person to be held in isolated confinement. A staff member 376
with a rank of captain or higher or the commissioner or deputy 377
commissioner may order an incarcerated person to be held in isolated 378
confinement for an initial period of not more than eight hours. Only a 379
staff member with a rank of deputy warden or warden or the 380
commissioner or deputy commissioner may order the continuation of a 381
period of isolated confinement in increments of no more than eight 382
hours and not more than a total of forty-eight hours. Only the 383
commissioner or deputy commissioner may order the continuation of a 384
period of isolated confinement of not more than a total of seventy-two 385
hours. 386
(c) (1) The department shall not subject an incarcerated person to the 387
use of (A) life-threatening restraints, (B) pharmacological restraints, 388
except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, or (C) physical 389
restraints except as provided in subsection (d) of this section or 390
subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection for the purpose of (i) 391
transporting the incarcerated person between units or outside the 392
correctional facility, or (ii) responding to a substantiated threat of 393
imminent physical harm to another person as evidenced by recent 394
conduct. 395
(2) Prior to subjecting any incarcerated person to the use of physical 396
restraints pursuant to clause (ii) of subparagraph (C) of subdivision (1) 397
of this subsection and subdivision (3) of this subsection, the department 398
shall attempt to defuse the instant situation by using de-escalation 399
methods and less restrictive measures. Only if such methods and 400
measures fail to defuse the instant situation may the department subject 401
a person to the use of physical restraints, except as restricted pursuant 402
to section 18-69c. 403
(3) If subjecting an incarcerated person to physical restraints 404 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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pursuant to clause (ii) of subparagraph (C) of subdivision (1) of this 405
subsection, the department shall: 406
(A) Ensure continuous monitoring to ensure the person's safety and 407
well-being, including requiring a medical professional to check the 408
imposition of restraints and every two hours thereafter to ensure 409
adequate circulation and range of movement to avoid pain and to 410
permit the incarcerated person to perform necessary bodily functions, 411
including breathing, eating, drinking, standing, lying down, sitting and 412
using the toilet; 413
(B) Ensure that no physical restraints are imposed upon an 414
incarcerated inmate who is showering or exercising; 415
(C) Continue de-escalation efforts; and 416
(D) End the use of physical restraints on the incarcerated person as 417
soon as the threat of the serious incident or imminent physical harm to 418
others has passed. 419
(4) No staff member with a rank lower than captain may subject an 420
incarcerated person to the use of physical restraints. A staff member 421
with a rank of captain or higher may order an incarcerated person to be 422
subjected to the use of physical restraints for an initial period of not 423
more than two hours. Only a staff member with a rank of deputy 424
warden or warden or the commissioner or deputy commissioner may 425
order the use of physical restraints upon such person for an additional 426
period of not more than two hours, provided no incarcerated person is 427
subjected to physical restraints for more than four hours in any twenty-428
four-hour period. 429
(d) (1) The department may subject an incarcerated person to the use 430
of seclusion or restraints in response to a psychiatric emergency 431
pursuant to subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection, provided a 432
therapist attempts to defuse the instant situation by using de-escalation 433
methods and less restrictive measures and such methods and measures 434
fail to defuse the instant situation. 435 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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(2) If subjecting an incarcerated person to seclusion or restraints in 436
response to a psychiatric emergency pursuant to this subsection, the 437
department shall: 438
(A) Ensure any such seclusion occurs or restraints are imposed only 439
within medical units of the correctional facility; 440
(B) Ensure that the only restraints employed are soft restraints or 441
pharmacological restraints; 442
(C) Ensure that no (i) soft restraints be employed if pharmacological 443
restraints have already been administered and have alleviated the risk 444
of a serious incident or imminent physical harm , and (ii) 445
pharmacological restraints may be administered if soft restraints have 446
already been employed and have alleviated such risk; 447
(D) Ensure a medical professional checks the imposition of restraints 448
and every two hours thereafter checks to ensure adequate circulation 449
and range of movement to avoid pain and that a medical professional 450
continually monitors, through direct observation, such person while 451
such person is subject to restraints under this subsection; 452
(E) Continue de-escalation efforts; and 453
(F) End the use of seclusion or restraints on the incarcerated person 454
as soon as the threat of the serious incident or imminent physical harm 455
has passed. 456
(3) Only a therapist may order an incarcerated person to be subjected 457
to the use of restraints pursuant to this subsection. After an in-person 458
evaluation by a therapist of an incarcerated person and a determination 459
by the therapist that restraints are necessary to prevent a substantiated 460
threat of imminent physical harm by an incarcerated person to himself 461
or herself or others due to an acute disturbance of behavior, thought or 462
mood, the therapist may order such person to be subjected to restraints 463
for an initial period of not more than two hours. A therapist may only 464
order an incarcerated person to be subjected for an additional period of 465 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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restraint that is not longer than two hours if such therapist, after an in-466
person evaluation, determines that restraints remain necessary to 467
prevent a substantiated threat of imminent physical harm by an 468
incarcerated person to himself or herself or others due to an acute 469
disturbance of behavior, thought or mood. 470
(4) The department shall develop standards to enable staff members 471
to determine whether the use of restraints or seclusion is 472
contraindicated for each incarcerated person, based on such person's 473
medical and psychiatric status. The department shall inform each 474
incarcerated person of their restraint or seclusion status and shall 475
maintain such person's restraint or seclusion status in a place easily 476
visible to staff members in the event that an emergency response is 477
necessary. 478
(e) (1) Any time the department restrains or confines a person 479
pursuant to subsection (b), (c) or (d) of this section, the department shall: 480
(A) Video and audio record each such incident from the moment the 481
use of restraints or confinement is imposed until the conclusion of such 482
usage; and 483
(B) Document de-escalation methods attempted, the cause for the 484
imposition of use of restraints or confinement and the method and 485
duration of any restraint used. 486
(2) The department shall retain any video or audio record or 487
document created pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection for a 488
period of not less than five years from the date of its creation. 489
[(b)] (f) The Department of Correction shall publish on its Internet 490
web site (1) the formula for calculating an inmate's mental health score, 491
[and] (2) a description of any form and phase of housing employed at 492
any of its correctional facilities for [inmates on restrictive housing status] 493
incarcerated persons held in isolated confinement, (3) any report 494
pursuant to subsection (g) of this section, and (4) data used in such 495
report in a downloadable, sortable format. 496 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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[(c)] (g) The Department of Correction shall at least annually submit 497
to the Criminal Justice Policy and Planning Division established under 498
section 4-68m a report containing as [aggregated] disaggregated and 499
anonymized the following data: 500
(1) The number of [inmates on restrictive housing status] incarcerated 501
persons in isolated confinement in this state's correctional facilities, as 502
of the first day of each of the twelve months preceding the date of the 503
submission of the report [. The department shall report and 504
disaggregate such data based on an inmate's age, gender identity, 505
ethnicity, mental health score as calculated by the department, if any, 506
and the form and phase of housing in which such inmate is held on 507
restrictive housing status] and the total number of persons subjected to 508
isolated confinement during the twelve months preceding the date of 509
submission of the report; 510
[(2) The number of inmates on administrative segregation status who 511
have spent the following cumulative durations of time on 512
administrative segregation status: 513
(A) One to fifteen days; 514
(B) Sixteen to thirty days; 515
(C) Thirty-one to one hundred eighty days; 516
(D) One hundred eighty-one to three hundred sixty-five days; 517
(E) Three hundred sixty-six to seven hundred thirty days; 518
(F) Seven hundred thirty-one to one thousand ninety-five days; 519
(G) One thousand ninety-six to one thousand four hundred sixty 520
days; 521
(H) One thousand four hundred sixty-one to one thousand eight 522
hundred twenty-five days; 523 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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(I) One thousand eight hundred twenty-six to two thousand one 524
hundred ninety days; 525
(J) Two thousand one hundred ninety-one to two thousand five 526
hundred fifty-five days; 527
(K) Two thousand five hundred fifty-six to two thousand nine 528
hundred twenty days; 529
(L) Two thousand nine hundred twenty-one to three thousand two 530
hundred eighty-five days; 531
(M) Three thousand two hundred eighty-six to three thousand six 532
hundred fifty days; and 533
(N) More than three thousand six hundred fifty days; 534
(3) For each correctional facility, the number of inmates who, during 535
the twelve months preceding the date of the submission of the report, 536
spent more than fifteen days, cumulative, on administrative segregation 537
status. The department shall report and disaggregate such data based 538
on an inmate's age, gender identity, ethnicity, mental health score as 539
calculated by the department, if any, and the form and phase of 540
restricted housing in which such inmate is held;] 541
(2) A list of unique individuals in the custody of the department in 542
the twelve months preceding the date of the submission of the report 543
subjected to any form of isolated confinement. The list shall include the 544
following information for each person: Age, gender identity, ethnicity, 545
reason for placement in isolation, total number of days spent in isolated 546
confinement in the previous calendar year, total number of days spent 547
in isolated confinement over the course of the entire period of 548
incarceration, specific restrictive housing status, if any, and mental 549
health score as calculated by the department, if any; 550
(3) A list of unique individuals in the custody of the department in 551
the twelve months preceding the date of the submission of the report 552 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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subjected to restraints. The list shall include the following information 553
for each person: Age, gender identity, ethnicity, total number of hours 554
spent in restraints in the previous calendar year, specific restrictive 555
housing status, if any, and mental health score as calculated by the 556
department, if any; 557
(4) The number of incidents, broken down by correctional facility, for 558
each of the following in the previous calendar year and categorized as: 559
(A) Suicides; 560
(B) Attempted suicides; 561
(C) Self-harm; 562
(D) Use of force by staff members against incarcerated persons; 563
(E) Assaults by incarcerated persons on staff members; and 564
(F) Assaults between incarcerated persons. 565
(5) The number of incarcerated persons subjected to more than 566
seventy-two hours of isolated confinement in the previous calendar year 567
as categorized by the following periods of time: 568
(A) Up to fifteen days; 569
(B) Sixteen to thirty days; 570
(C) Thirty-one to seventy-nine days; or 571
(D) Eighty or more days; and 572
[(4)] (6) Actions taken by the department during the twelve months 573
preceding the date of the submission of the report to minimize reliance 574
on administrative segregation status and to mitigate the harmful effects 575
of administrative segregation status on [inmates] incarcerated persons, 576
staff members and the public. 577 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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[(d)] (h) The department shall not hold any person under eighteen 578
years of age on administrative segregation status. 579
[(e)] (i) Not later than January 1, [2019] 2021, the Commissioner of 580
Correction shall study and submit a report, in accordance with the 581
provisions of section 11-4a, to the joint standing committee of the 582
General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to [the 583
judiciary] corrections regarding the use and oversight of all forms and 584
phases of housing for inmates on restrictive housing status. 585
[(f)] (j) The provisions of subsections (a) to [(d)] (h), inclusive, of this 586
section do not apply to any [inmate] incarcerated person described in 587
subsection (a) of section 18-10b. 588
[(g)] (k) Within available appropriations, the [Department of 589
Correction] department shall provide training to employees of the 590
department who interact with inmates concerning the following: 591
(1) The recognition of symptoms of mental illness; 592
(2) The potential risks and side effects of psychiatric medications; 593
(3) De-escalation techniques for safely managing individuals with 594
mental illness; 595
(4) Consequences of untreated mental illness; 596
(5) The long and short-term psychological effects of being on 597
administrative segregation status; 598
(6) The recognition of and techniques for mitigating trauma and 599
vicarious trauma; and 600
[(6)] (7) De-escalation and communication techniques to divert 601
inmates from situations that may lead to the inmate being placed on 602
administrative segregation status. 603
[(h)] (l) Within available appropriations, the Department of 604 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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Correction shall take measures to promote the wellness of employees of 605
the department who interact with inmates. These measures may 606
include, but need not be limited to: 607
(1) Employee assistance programs; 608
(2) Development and use of strategies to prevent and treat trauma-609
related effects on employees; 610
[(2)] (3) Peer support programs; and 611
[(3)] (4) Stress management training. 612
Sec. 3. Section 18-81gg of the general statutes is repealed and the 613
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 614
(a) (1) The Commissioner of Correction shall establish visitation 615
policies for [any inmate who is a parent to a child under the age of 616
eighteen] incarcerated persons. Such policies shall: 617
(A) Permit at least one sixty-minute contact social visit per week; 618
(B) Permit visitation by members of an incarcerated person's 619
immediate family, extended family, unmarried coparents, unmarried 620
romantic partners and close personal friends. No person's past criminal 621
conviction shall be the sole or primary basis for denying a person's 622
application to visit; 623
(C) Provide that no incarcerated person may be restrained during a 624
contact social visit; and 625
(D) Provide that no incarcerated person may be deprived of a contact 626
social visit under this subsection without a hearing at which the 627
Department of Correction shall bear the burden of showing by clear and 628
convincing evidence that the denial of contact social visits is necessary 629
(i) to protect against a substantiated threat of imminent physical harm 630
to department employees, the visitor or another person; or (ii) to prevent 631
the introduction of contraband. 632 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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(2) The department may not deprive an incarcerated person of 633
contact social visits provided for in this subsection for a period in excess 634
of ninety days. 635
(3) Any policies developed pursuant to subdivision (1) of this 636
subsection for any incarcerated person who is a parent to a child under 637
the age of eighteen shall include, but need not be limited to, rules 638
regarding: [(1)] (A) Physical contact, [(2)] (B) convenience and frequency 639
of visits, and [(3)] (C) access to child-friendly visiting areas. 640
(4) For purposes of this subsection, "contact social visit" means an in-641
person meeting between an incarcerated person and an approved 642
visitor who are not separated from each other by any physical divider, 643
including, but not limited to, a screen or partition. 644
(5) The provisions of this subsection do not apply to any incarcerated 645
person described in subsection (a) of section 18-10b. 646
(b) (1) The commissioner shall establish policies concerning mail to 647
and from incarcerated persons. Such policies shall: 648
(A) Provide that each incarcerated person may write, send and 649
receive letters, without limitation on the number of any such letters such 650
incarcerated person receives, or writes and sends at his or her own 651
personal expense, and 652
(B) Prohibit unnecessary delays in the processing of incoming and 653
outgoing mail to or from an incarcerated person. 654
(2) Each correctional facility commissary shall sell: (A) Stationery, 655
envelopes, postcards, greeting cards and postage; and (B) aerogramme 656
folding letters for foreign air mail letters. 657
(3) The department shall provide each incarcerated person the 658
following items free of charge: 659
(A) Materials and postage needed to send two social letters per week; 660 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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(B) A writing instrument; and 661
(C) At least twenty sheets of writing paper, per month, and eight 662
letter-size envelopes with postage for eight letters per month, for 663
purposes including, but not limited to, social letters. Additional sheets 664
of paper for letters to the court or attorneys may be authorized upon 665
reasonable requests that demonstrate the need for such items by the 666
incarcerated person. 667
(4) The department may not deprive an incarcerated person the 668
ability to write, send or receive letters provided for in this subsection as 669
a matter of discipline, retaliation or convenience. 670
(c) (1) The commissioner shall establish policies concerning telephone 671
calls to and from incarcerated persons. Such policies shall: 672
(A) Ensure incarcerated persons may make or receive at least two 673
social phone calls per week; 674
(B) Ensure incarcerated persons may make telephone calls that last in 675
total time up to sixty minutes free of charge for social telephone calls; 676
and 677
(C) Prohibit the department from depriving an incarcerated person 678
of telephone calls as provided for in this subsection as a matter of 679
discipline, retaliation or convenience. 680
Sec. 4. Subdivision (16) of section 31-275 of the general statutes is 681
repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 682
1, 2021): 683
(16) (A) "Personal injury" or "injury" includes, in addition to 684
accidental injury that may be definitely located as to the time when and 685
the place where the accident occurred, an injury to an employee that is 686
causally connected with the employee's employment and is the direct 687
result of repetitive trauma or repetitive acts incident to such 688
employment, and occupational disease. 689 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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(B) "Personal injury" or "injury" shall not be construed to include: 690
(i) An injury to an employee that results from the employee's 691
voluntary participation in any activity the major purpose of which is 692
social or recreational, including, but not limited to, athletic events, 693
parties and picnics, whether or not the employer pays some or all of the 694
cost of such activity; 695
(ii) A mental or emotional impairment, unless such impairment (I) 696
arises from a physical injury or occupational disease, (II) in the case of a 697
police officer of the Division of State Police within the Department of 698
Emergency Services and Public Protection, an organized local police 699
department or a municipal constabulary, or a correction officer 700
employed by the Department of Correction, arises from such [police] 701
officer's use of deadly force or subjection to deadly force in the line of 702
duty, regardless of whether such [police] officer is physically injured, 703
provided such [police] officer is the subject of an attempt by another 704
person to cause such [police] officer serious physical injury or death 705
through the use of deadly force, and such [police] officer reasonably 706
believes such [police] officer to be the subject of such an attempt, or (III) 707
in the case of a police officer, parole officer, correction officer or 708
firefighter, is a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder as defined in 709
section 31-294k, as amended by this act, that meets all the requirements 710
of section 31-294k, as amended by this act. As used in this clause, "in the 711
line of duty" means any action that a police officer or correction officer 712
is obligated or authorized by law, rule, regulation or written condition 713
of employment service to perform, or for which the police officer, 714
correction officer or firefighter is compensated by the public entity such 715
officer serves; 716
(iii) A mental or emotional impairment that results from a personnel 717
action, including, but not limited to, a transfer, promotion, demotion or 718
termination; or 719
(iv) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (B)(i) of this 720
subdivision, "personal injury" or "injury" includes injuries to employees 721 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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of local or regional boards of education resulting from participation in a 722
school-sponsored activity but does not include any injury incurred 723
while going to or from such activity. As used in this clause, "school-724
sponsored activity" means any activity sponsored, recognized or 725
authorized by a board of education and includes activities conducted on 726
or off school property and "participation" means acting as a chaperone, 727
advisor, supervisor or instructor at the request of an administrator with 728
supervisory authority over the employee. 729
Sec. 5. Section 31-294k of the general statutes is repealed and the 730
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 731
(a) As used in this section: 732
(1) "Correction officer" means a correction officer employed by the 733
Department of Correction; 734
[(1)] (2) "Firefighter" has the same meaning as provided in section 7-735
313g; 736
[(2)] (3) "In the line of duty" means any action that a police officer, 737
parole officer, correction officer or firefighter is obligated or authorized 738
by law, rule, regulation or written condition of employment service to 739
perform, or for which the officer or firefighter is compensated by the 740
public entity such officer or firefighter serves, except that, in the case of 741
a volunteer firefighter, such action or service constitutes fire duties, as 742
defined in subsection (b) of section 7-314b; 743
[(3)] (4) "Mental health professional" means a board-certified 744
psychiatrist or a psychologist licensed pursuant to chapter 383, who has 745
experience diagnosing and treating post-traumatic stress disorder; 746
[(4)] (5) "Parole officer" means an employee of the Department of 747
Correction who supervises inmates in the community after their release 748
from prison on parole or under another prison release program; 749
[(5)] (6) "Police officer" has the same meaning as provided in section 750 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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7-294a, except that "police officer" does not include an officer of a law 751
enforcement unit of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe or the Mohegan 752
Tribe of Indians of Connecticut; 753
[(6)] (7) "Post-traumatic stress disorder" means a disorder that meets 754
the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder as specified in 755
the most recent edition of the American Psychiatric Association's 756
"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"; and 757
[(7)] (8) "Qualifying event" means an event occurring in the line of 758
duty on or after July 1, 2019, in which a police officer, parole officer, 759
correction officer or firefighter: 760
(A) Views a deceased minor; 761
(B) Witnesses the death of a person or an incident involving the death 762
of a person; 763
(C) Witnesses an injury to a person who subsequently dies before or 764
upon admission at a hospital as a result of the injury and not as a result 765
of any other intervening cause; 766
(D) Has physical contact with and treats an injured person who 767
subsequently dies before or upon admission at a hospital as a result of 768
the injury and not as a result of any other intervening cause; 769
(E) Carries an injured person who subsequently dies before or upon 770
admission at a hospital as a result of the injury and not as a result of any 771
other intervening cause; or 772
(F) Witnesses a traumatic physical injury that results in the loss of a 773
vital body part or a vital body function that results in permanent 774
disfigurement of the victim. 775
(b) A diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder is compensable as a 776
personal injury as described in subparagraph (B)(ii)(III) of subdivision 777
(16) of section 31-275, as amended by this act, if a mental health 778 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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professional examines a police officer, parole officer, correction officer 779
or firefighter and diagnoses the officer or firefighter with post-traumatic 780
stress disorder as a direct result of a qualifying event, provided (1) the 781
post-traumatic stress disorder resulted from the officer or firefighter 782
acting in the line of duty and, in the case of a firefighter, such firefighter 783
complied with Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act standards 784
adopted pursuant to 29 CFR 1910.134 and 29 CFR 1910.156, (2) a 785
qualifying event was a substantial factor in causing the disorder, (3) 786
such qualifying event, and not another event or source of stress, was the 787
primary cause of the post-traumatic stress disorder, and (4) the post-788
traumatic stress disorder did not result from any disciplinary action, 789
work evaluation, job transfer, layoff, demotion, promotion, termination, 790
retirement or similar action of the officer or firefighter. Any such mental 791
health professional shall comply with any workers' compensation 792
guidelines for approved medical providers, including, but not limited 793
to, guidelines on release of past or contemporaneous medical records. 794
(c) Whenever liability to pay compensation is contested by the 795
employer, the employer shall file with the commissioner, on or before 796
the twenty-eighth day after the employer has received a written notice 797
of claim, a notice in accordance with a form prescribed by the 798
chairperson of the Workers' Compensation Commission stating that the 799
right to compensation is contested, the name of the claimant, the name 800
of the employer, the date of the alleged injury and the specific grounds 801
on which the right to compensation is contested. The employer shall 802
send a copy of the notice to the employee in accordance with section 31-803
321. If the employer or the employer's legal representative fails to file 804
the notice contesting liability on or before the twenty-eighth day after 805
receiving the written notice of claim, the employer shall commence 806
payment of compensation for such injury on or before the twenty-eighth 807
day after receiving the written notice of claim, but the employer may 808
contest the employee's right to receive compensation on any grounds or 809
the extent of the employee's disability within one hundred eighty days 810
from the receipt of the written notice of claim and any benefits paid 811
during the one hundred eighty days shall be considered payments 812 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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without prejudice, provided the employer shall not be required to 813
commence payment of compensation when the written notice of claim 814
has not been properly served in accordance with section 31-321 or when 815
the written notice of claim fails to include a warning that the employer 816
(1) if the employer has commenced payment for the alleged injury on or 817
before the twenty-eighth day after receiving a written notice of claim, 818
shall be precluded from contesting liability unless a notice contesting 819
liability is filed within one hundred eighty days from the receipt of the 820
written notice of claim, and (2) shall be conclusively presumed to have 821
accepted the compensability of the alleged injury unless the employer 822
either files a notice contesting liability on or before the twenty-eighth 823
day after receiving a written notice of claim or commences payment for 824
the alleged injury on or before such twenty-eighth day. An employer 825
shall be entitled, if the employer prevails, to reimbursement from the 826
claimant of any compensation paid by the employer on and after the 827
date the commissioner receives written notice from the employer or the 828
employer's legal representative, in accordance with the form prescribed 829
by the chairperson of the Workers' Compensation Commission, stating 830
that the right to compensation is contested. Notwithstanding the 831
provisions of this subsection, an employer who fails to contest liability 832
for an alleged injury on or before the twenty-eighth day after receiving 833
a written notice of claim and who fails to commence payment for the 834
alleged injury on or before such twenty-eighth day, shall be conclusively 835
presumed to have accepted the compensability of the alleged injury. If 836
an employer has opted to post an address of where notice of a claim for 837
compensation by an employee shall be sent, as described in subsection 838
(a) of section 31-294c, the twenty-eight-day period set forth in this 839
subsection shall begin on the date when such employer receives written 840
notice of a claim for compensation at such posted address. 841
(d) Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, workers' 842
compensation benefits for any police officer, parole officer, correction 843
officer or firefighter for a personal injury described in subparagraph 844
(B)(ii)(III) of subdivision (16) of section 31-275, as amended by this act, 845
shall (1) include any combination of medical treatment prescribed by a 846 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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board-certified psychiatrist or a licensed psychologist, temporary total 847
incapacity benefits under section 31-307 and temporary partial 848
incapacity benefits under subsection (a) of section 31-308, and (2) be 849
provided for a maximum of fifty-two weeks from the date of diagnosis. 850
No medical treatment, temporary total incapacity benefits under section 851
31-307 or temporary partial incapacity benefits under subsection (a) of 852
section 31-308 shall be awarded beyond four years from the date of the 853
qualifying event that formed the basis for the personal injury. The 854
weekly benefits received by an officer or a firefighter pursuant to section 855
31-307 or subsection (a) of section 31-308, when combined with other 856
benefits including, but not limited to, contributory and noncontributory 857
retirement benefits, Social Security benefits, benefits under a long-term 858
or short-term disability plan, but not including payments for medical 859
care, shall not exceed the average weekly wage paid to such officer or 860
firefighter. An officer or firefighter receiving benefits pursuant to this 861
subsection shall not be entitled to benefits pursuant to subsection (b) of 862
section 31-308 or section 31-308a. 863
Sec. 6. Section 31-294h of the general statutes is repealed and the 864
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 865
Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, workers' 866
compensation benefits for any correction officer or police officer, as 867
described in subparagraph (B)(ii)(II) of subdivision (16) of section 31-868
275, as amended by this act, who suffers a mental or emotional 869
impairment arising from such [police] officer's use of deadly force or 870
subjection to deadly force in the line of duty, shall be limited to 871
treatment by a psychologist or a psychiatrist who is on the approved list 872
of practicing physicians established by the chairperson of the Workers' 873
Compensation Commission pursuant to section 31-280. 874
Sec. 7. Section 7-294ff of the general statutes is repealed and the 875
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 876
(a) Not later than January 1, [2020] 2022, the Police Officer Standards 877
and Training Council, established under section 7-294b, the Department 878 Substitute Bill No. 1059
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of Correction and the Commission on Fire Prevention and Control shall 879
develop and promulgate a model critical incident and peer support 880
policy to support the mental health care and wellness of police officers, 881
as defined in section 7-294a, parole officers, as defined in section 31-882
294k, as amended by this act, correction officers employed by the 883
Department of Correction and firefighters, as defined in section 31-294k, 884
as amended by this act. 885
(b) Not later than July 1, [2020] 2022, each law enforcement unit as 886
defined in section 7-294a, the Department of Correction as employer of 887
parole officers and correction officers, each municipal or state paid or 888
volunteer fire department and each municipal entity employing a fire 889
marshal, deputy fire marshal, fire investigator, fire inspector or other 890
class of investigator or inspector for whom the State Fire Marshal and 891
the Codes and Standards Committee, acting jointly, have adopted 892
minimum standards of qualification pursuant to section 29-298, shall (1) 893
adopt and maintain a written policy that meets or exceeds the standards 894
of the model policy developed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section; 895
(2) make peer support available to such officers and firefighters; and (3) 896
refer an officer or firefighter, as appropriate, seeking mental health care 897
services to a mental health professional, as defined in section 31-294k, 898
as amended by this act. 899
Sec. 8. Section 18-82a of the general statutes is repealed and the 900
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 901
In consultation with the Department of Mental Health and Addiction 902
Services, the Department of Correction shall provide resilience and self-903
care technique training for each parole officer, as defined in section 31-904
294k, as amended by this act, hired on or after January 1, 2020, and each 905
correction officer hired on or after January 1, 2022. 906
This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
sections:
Section 1 October 1, 2021 18-81jj Substitute Bill No. 1059
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Sec. 2 July 1, 2022 18-96b
Sec. 3 October 1, 2021 18-81gg
Sec. 4 October 1, 2021 31-275(16)
Sec. 5 October 1, 2021 31-294k
Sec. 6 October 1, 2021 31-294h
Sec. 7 October 1, 2021 7-294ff
Sec. 8 October 1, 2021 18-82a
JUD Joint Favorable Subst.