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General Assembly Raised Bill No. 6849
January Session, 2025
LCO No. 3952
Referred to Committee on GOVERNMENT
ADMINISTRATION AND ELECTIONS
Introduced by:
(GAE)
AN ACT CONCERNING THE LEGISLATIVE COMMISSIONERS'
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINOR AND TECHNICAL REVISIONS TO
THE GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION AND ELECTIONS STATUTES.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
Assembly convened:
Section 1. Subdivision (9) of section 3-56a of the general statutes is 1
repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 2
1, 2025): 3
(9) "Mineral" means gas; oil; other gaseous, liquid [,] and solid 4
hydrocarbons; oil shale; cement material; sand and gravel; road 5
material; building stone; chemical raw material; gemstone; fissionable 6
and nonfissionable ores; colloidal and other clay; steam and other 7
geothermal resource; or any other substance defined as a mineral by the 8
law of this state; 9
Sec. 2. Subsection (c) of section 4-8 of the general statutes is repealed 10
and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2025): 11
(c) Each department head may appoint such deputies as may be 12 Raised Bill No. 6849
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necessary for the efficient conduct of the business of the department. 13
Each department head shall designate one deputy who shall, in the 14
absence or disqualification of the department head or upon the 15
department head's death, exercise the powers and duties of the 16
department head until the department head resumes his or her duties 17
or the vacancy is filled, as applicable. Such deputies shall serve at the 18
pleasure of the department head. Subject to the provisions of chapter 67, 19
each department head shall appoint such other employees as may be 20
necessary for the discharge of the department head's duties. 21
Sec. 3. Subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 9-4a of the general 22
statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof 23
(Effective October 1, 2025): 24
(2) The name, party affiliation and contact information of each 25
candidate who is nominated or qualifies as a petitioning candidate for 26
election to the office of President of the United States, Vice-President of 27
the United States, senator in Congress, representative in Congress, 28
Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, State Treasurer, 29
State Comptroller, Secretary of the State, state senator or state 30
representative at the state election. As used in this section, "contact 31
information" means any or all of the following information received by 32
the Secretary of the State in the course of the secretary's elections duties 33
or by the Federal Election Commission: A candidate's campaign mailing 34
address, telephone number, facsimile number, electronic mail address 35
and web site. The voter guide may provide contact information for a 36
candidate for the office of President of the United States, Vice-President 37
of the United States, senator in Congress or representative in Congress 38
by an electronic link to such information on the Federal Election 39
Commission's Internet web site; 40
Sec. 4. Subdivision (6) of subsection (b) of section 9-31l of the general 41
statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof 42
(Effective October 1, 2025): 43
(6) The decision of the commission shall determine the person's right 44 Raised Bill No. 6849
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to be or remain an elector. If any such decision is adverse to such 45
individual's right, the commission shall order both registrars to remove 46
the elector's name from the town's active and inactive registry list and 47
any enrollment list. Any person whose name has been so removed may 48
reapply for admission as an elector with the registrars of voters of the 49
same town at any time. If such application is made within four years 50
after the commission's decision, both registrars may approve such 51
application only after they find that there has been a substantial change 52
in the circumstances that provided the basis for the commission's 53
decision and that the individual is eligible to be an elector. Registrars 54
who approve an individual's application for admission within this time 55
period without a substantial change in circumstances may be subject to 56
a civil penalty imposed by the commission in accordance with 57
subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 9-7b if the commission 58
determines, following a written complaint filed with the commission 59
pursuant to [said] section 9-7b, that the registrars' action was without 60
good cause and constitutes a wilful violation of a prior order of the 61
commission. 62
Sec. 5. Subsection (b) of section 9-32 of the general statutes is repealed 63
and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2025): 64
(b) No elector's name shall be removed from the registry list, 65
pursuant to section 9-35, unless (1) the elector confirms in writing that 66
the elector has moved out of the municipality, or (2) the elector has been 67
sent, by forwardable mail, a notice and a postage prepaid preaddressed 68
return card in accordance with the National Voter Registration Act of 69
1993, P.L. 103-31, as amended from time to time, four years prior to 70
removal from the registry list and such elector has failed to respond and 71
has not restored the elector's name to the active registry list under 72
section 9-42 or voted in an election or primary in the municipality 73
during the period beginning on the date of the notice and ending four 74
years later. If a registrar or a registrar's designee conducts a telephone 75
canvass, a telephone call by any such person shall constitute an attempt 76
to contact the elector only if the elector's household has a published 77
telephone number and the telephone is in operating order. If a registrar, 78 Raised Bill No. 6849
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or a registrar's designee, during a telephone canvass contacts a 79
telecommunication device for the deaf in an elector's household, such 80
call shall not constitute an attempt to contact the elector unless the 81
registrar, or the registrar's designee, uses a similar device or uses a 82
message relay center. No elector's name shall be removed from the 83
active registry list pursuant to [said] section 9-35 as a result of 84
information obtained during a telephone canvass, unless the registrar 85
believes such information is reliable and sufficient to enable the registrar 86
to determine if the elector is entitled to remain on the list under the 87
provisions of this chapter. 88
Sec. 6. Section 9-35c of the general statutes is repealed and the 89
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2025): 90
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 9-238, 9-406 and 9-436 91
and other provisions of the general statutes, the names of electors on the 92
inactive registry list compiled under section 9-35 shall not be counted 93
for purposes of computing the number of petition signatures required. 94
Each elector on such inactive registry list who, in the determination of 95
the registrars, has signed a petition pursuant to the general statutes, 96
giving the same address as appears on the inactive registry list, shall 97
forthwith be placed on the active registry list compiled under [said] 98
section 9-35. Each such elector shall be counted for purposes of future 99
computations of the number of signatures required on future petitions 100
issued for other electoral events. The names of electors on the inactive 101
registry list compiled pursuant to section 9-35 shall not be counted for 102
purposes of computing the minimum percentage of the number of 103
electors required in any charter or special act, if such charter or special 104
act requires approval of a referendum by a minimum percentage of 105
electors qualified on the last-completed registry list or has a similar 106
requirement. 107
Sec. 7. Section 9-153a of the general statutes is repealed and the 108
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2025): 109
The form of absentee ballot application provided by any federal 110 Raised Bill No. 6849
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department or agency, referred to in section 9-140, may be used only by 111
a person in any one of the following categories who is eligible to vote 112
and who expects to be unable to appear at his proper polling place for 113
any reason specified in section 9-135: (1) Members of the armed forces, 114
(2) the spouses and dependents of such members, (3) members of 115
religious groups or welfare agencies assisting members of the armed 116
forces, who are officially attached to and serving with the armed forces, 117
and their spouses and dependents, (4) civilian employees of the United 118
States in all categories serving outside the territorial limits of the several 119
states of the United States and the District of Columbia and their 120
spouses and dependents when residing with or accompanying them, 121
whether or not the employee is subject to the civil service laws and the 122
Federal Classification Act of 1949, and whether or not paid from funds 123
appropriated by the Congress, (5) citizens of the United States 124
temporarily residing outside of the territorial limits of the several states 125
of the United States and the District of Columbia and (6) overseas 126
citizens qualified to vote under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens 127
Absentee Voting Act, 100 Stat. 924, 42 USC 1973ff et seq., as amended 128
from time to time. Any such person may apply for an absentee ballot in 129
the manner provided in [said] section 9-140, either on the form 130
prescribed by the Secretary of the State under [said] section 9-140, or on 131
the application form provided by any federal department or agency 132
hereinbefore referred to. 133
Sec. 8. Subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 9-158c of the general 134
statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof 135
(Effective October 1, 2025): 136
(a) (1) Not earlier than forty-five days before the election and not later 137
than the close of the polls on election day, each former resident who 138
desires to vote in a presidential election under sections 9-158a to 9-158m, 139
inclusive, may apply for a "presidential ballot" to the municipal clerk of 140
the town in which such former resident is qualified to vote on the form 141
prescribed in section 9-158d. Application for a "presidential ballot" may 142
be made in person or absentee, in the manner provided for applying for 143
an absentee ballot under section 9-140, except as provided in [said] 144 Raised Bill No. 6849
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sections 9-158a to 9-158m, inclusive. 145
Sec. 9. Subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of section 9-163k of the general 146
statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof 147
(Effective October 1, 2025): 148
(3) For a municipal election, each registrar of voters shall appoint at 149
least one absentee ballot coordinator for each two hundred persons who 150
voted by absentee ballot in the most recent municipal election. For a 151
municipal primary, each registrar of voters shall appoint at least one 152
absentee ballot coordinator for each two hundred persons who voted by 153
absentee ballot in the most recent municipal primary. [A registrar of 154
voter's] The appointment of an absentee ballot coordinator by a registrar 155
of voters shall not be effective until the registrar files the appointment 156
with the municipal clerk; 157
Sec. 10. Section 9-264 of the general statutes is repealed and the 158
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2025): 159
An elector who requires assistance to vote, by reason of blindness, 160
disability or inability to write or to read the ballot, may be given 161
assistance by a person of the elector's choice, other than (1) the elector's 162
employer, (2) an agent of such employer, (3) an officer or agent of the 163
elector's union, or (4) a candidate for any office on the ballot, unless the 164
elector is a member of the immediate family of such candidate. The 165
person assisting the elector may accompany the elector into the voting 166
booth at the polling place, the location designated for same-day election 167
registration or the location designated for the conduct of early voting, 168
as applicable. Such person shall register such elector's vote upon the 169
ballot as such elector directs. Any person accompanying an elector into 170
the voting booth at the polling place or the location designated for 171
election day registration who deceives any elector in registering the 172
elector's vote under this section or seeks to influence any elector while 173
in the act of voting, or who registers any vote for any elector or on any 174
question other than as requested by such elector, or who gives 175
information to any person as to what person or persons such elector 176 Raised Bill No. 6849
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voted for, or how such elector voted on any question, shall be guilty of 177
a class D felony. As used in this section, "immediate family" [means 178
"immediate family" as defined] has the same meaning as provided in 179
section 9-140b. 180
Sec. 11. Subsections (a) and (b) of section 9-311 of the general statutes 181
are repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective 182
October 1, 2025): 183
(a) If, within three days after an election, it appears to the moderator 184
that there is a discrepancy in the returns of any voting district, such 185
moderator shall forthwith within said period summon, by written 186
notice delivered personally, the recanvass officials, consisting of at least 187
two checkers of different political parties and at least two absentee ballot 188
counters of different political parties who served at such election, and 189
the registrars of voters of the municipality in which the election was 190
held and such other officials as may be required to conduct such 191
recanvass. Such written notice shall require the clerk or registrars of 192
voters, as the case may be, to bring with them the depository envelopes 193
required by section 9-150a, the package of write-in ballots provided for 194
in section 9-310, the absentee ballot applications, the list of absentee 195
ballot applications, the registry list and the moderators' returns and 196
shall require such recanvass officials to meet at a specified time not later 197
than the fifth business day after such election to recanvass the returns of 198
a voting tabulator or voting tabulators or absentee ballots or write-in 199
ballots used in such district in such election. If any of such recanvass 200
officials are unavailable at the time of the recanvass, the registrar of 201
voters of the same political party as that of the recanvass official unable 202
to attend shall designate another elector having previous training and 203
experience in the conduct of elections to take [his] such recanvass 204
official's place. Before such recanvass is made, such moderator shall give 205
notice, in writing, to the chairperson of the town committee of each 206
political party which nominated candidates for the election, and, in the 207
case of a state election, not later than twenty-four hours after a 208
determination is made regarding the need for a recanvass to the 209
Secretary of the State, of the time and place where such recanvass is to 210 Raised Bill No. 6849
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be made; and each such chairperson may send party representatives to 211
be present at such recanvass. Such party representatives may observe, 212
but no one other than a recanvass official may take part in the recanvass. 213
If [any irregularity in the recanvass procedure is noted by such a party 214
representative, he] a party representative notes any irregularity in the 215
recanvass procedure, such party representative shall be permitted to 216
present evidence of such irregularity in any contest relating to the 217
election. 218
(b) The moderator shall determine the place or places where the 219
recanvass shall be conducted and, if such recanvass is held before the 220
tabulators are boxed and collected in the manner required by section 9-221
266, the moderator may [either] require that such recanvass of such 222
tabulators be conducted in each place where the tabulators are located, 223
or [he] the moderator may require that [they] such tabulators be 224
removed to one central place [,] where such recanvass shall be 225
conducted. All recanvassing procedures shall be open to public 226
observation, subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of this section. 227
Such recanvass officials shall, in the presence of such moderator and 228
registrars of voters, make a record of the number on the seal and the 229
number on the protective counter, if one is provided, on each voting 230
tabulator specified by such moderator. Such registrars of voters in the 231
presence of such moderator shall turn over the keys of each such 232
tabulator to such recanvass officials, and such recanvass officials, in the 233
presence of such registrars of voters and moderator, shall immediately 234
proceed to recanvass the vote cast thereon, and shall then open the 235
package of absentee ballots and recanvass the vote cast thereon. In the 236
course of the recanvass of the absentee ballot vote the recanvass officials 237
shall check all outer envelopes for absentee ballots against the inner 238
envelopes for such ballots and against the registry list to verify 239
postmarks, addresses and registry list markings and also to determine 240
whether the number of envelopes from which absentee ballots have 241
been removed is the same as the number of persons checked as having 242
voted by absentee ballot. The write-in ballots shall also be recanvassed 243
at this time. Any party representative present shall have a right to view 244 Raised Bill No. 6849
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each ballot as it is being recanvassed by the recanvass officials, so as to 245
be able to discern the markings on such ballot. All of the recanvass 246
officials shall use the same forms for tallies and returns as were used at 247
the original canvass and the absentee ballot counters shall also sign the 248
tallies. 249
Sec. 12. Section 9-311a of the general statutes is repealed and the 250
following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2025): 251
For purposes of this section, state, district and municipal offices shall 252
be as defined in section 9-372 except that the office of presidential elector 253
shall be deemed a state office. Forthwith after a regular or special 254
election for municipal office, or forthwith upon tabulation of the vote 255
for state and district offices by the Secretary of the State, when at any 256
such election the plurality of an elected candidate for an office over the 257
vote for a defeated candidate receiving the next highest number of votes 258
was either (1) less than a vote equivalent to one-half of one per cent of 259
the total number of votes cast for the office but not more than two 260
thousand votes, or (2) less than twenty votes, there shall be a recanvass 261
of the returns of the voting tabulator or voting tabulators and absentee 262
ballots used in such election for such office unless such defeated 263
candidate or defeated candidates, as the case may be, for such office file 264
a written statement waiving this right to such canvass with the 265
municipal clerk in the case of a municipal office, or with the Secretary of 266
the State in the case of a state or district office. In the case of state and 267
district offices, the Secretary of the State upon tabulation of the votes for 268
such offices shall notify the town clerks in the state or district, as the case 269
may be, of the state and district offices which qualify for an automatic 270
recanvass and shall also notify each candidate for any such office. When 271
a recanvass is to be held, the municipal clerk shall promptly notify the 272
moderator, as defined in section 9-311, as amended by this act, who shall 273
proceed forthwith to cause a recanvass of such returns of the office in 274
question in the same manner as is provided in [said] section 9-311, as 275
amended by this act. In addition to the notice required under section 9-276
311, as amended by this act, the moderator shall before such recanvass 277
is made give notice in writing of the time when, and place where, such 278 Raised Bill No. 6849
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recanvass is to be made to each candidate for a municipal office which 279
qualifies for an automatic recanvass under this section. Nothing in this 280
section shall preclude the right to judicial proceedings on behalf of a 281
candidate under any provision of chapter 149. For the purposes of this 282
section, "the total number of votes cast for the office" means, in the case 283
of multiple openings for the same office, the total number of electors 284
checked as having voted in the state, district, municipality or political 285
subdivision, as the case may be. When a recanvass of the returns for an 286
office for which there are multiple openings is required by the 287
provisions of this section, the returns for all candidates for all openings 288
for the office shall be recanvassed. No one other than a recanvass official 289
shall take part in the recanvass. If [any irregularity in the recanvass 290
procedure is noted by a candidate, he] a candidate notes any irregularity 291
in the recanvass procedure, such candidate shall be permitted to present 292
evidence of such irregularity in any contest relating to the election. 293
Sec. 13. Subsection (b) of section 9-404c of the general statutes is 294
repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 295
1, 2025): 296
(b) Upon the filing of all pages of a petition, the Secretary shall reject 297
any page of the petition which does not contain the certifications 298
required in section 9-404b or which the Secretary determines to have 299
been circulated in violation of any provision of said section, [9-404b,] 300
and shall immediately cause the number of certified signatures to be 301
tabulated. Petitions filed with the Secretary shall be preserved for a 302
period of three years and then may be destroyed. 303
Sec. 14. Subparagraph (C) of subdivision (33) of section 9-601 of the 304
general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu 305
thereof (Effective October 1, 2025): 306
(C) A firm, partnership, corporation, association, organization or 307
other entity: 308
(i) With respect to which a foreign owner or a person described in 309
subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision holds, owns, controls or 310 Raised Bill No. 6849
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otherwise has a direct or indirect beneficial ownership of at least five 311
per cent of such entity's total equity or outstanding voting shares; 312
(ii) With respect to which two or more, in combination, foreign 313
owners or persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this 314
subdivision hold, own, control or otherwise have a direct or indirect 315
beneficial ownership of at least twenty per cent of such entity's total 316
equity or outstanding voting shares, excluding interests held in a widely 317
held, diversified fund; 318
(iii) With respect to which a foreign owner or individual described in 319
subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision, as applicable, [of this 320
subdivision] participates directly or indirectly in decisions to engage in 321
any activity subject to the provisions of chapter 155 or 157; or 322
(iv) That is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(4) of the 323
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding 324
internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to 325
time, and with respect to which at least twenty per cent of the income 326
received by such entity in the most recent taxable year derives from one 327
or more foreign owners. 328
Sec. 15. Subsection (a) of section 9-601d of the general statutes is 329
repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 330
1, 2025): 331
(a) Any person, as defined in section 9-601, as amended by this act, 332
may, unless otherwise restricted or prohibited by law, including, but not 333
limited to, any provision of this chapter or chapter 157, make unlimited 334
independent expenditures, as defined in section 9-601c, and accept 335
unlimited covered transfers, as defined in [said] section 9-601, as 336
amended by this act. Except as provided pursuant to this section, any 337
such person who makes or obligates to make an independent 338
expenditure or expenditures in excess of one thousand dollars, in the 339
aggregate, shall file statements according to the same schedule and in 340
the same manner as is required of a treasurer of a candidate committee 341
pursuant to section 9-608. 342 Raised Bill No. 6849
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Sec. 16. Section 9-750 of the general statutes, as amended by section 343
188 of public act 23-205, is repealed and the following is substituted in 344
lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2025): 345
If, (1) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2006, or any fiscal year 346
thereafter, the amount of funds available under section 3-69a for deposit 347
in the Citizens' Election Fund established in section 9-701 is less than the 348
amount of funds required under [said] section 3-69a to be deposited in 349
said fund, resulting in an insufficiency in the amount of the deposit, or 350
(2) during an election cycle the amount of funds in the Citizens' Election 351
Fund is less than the amount of funds required to provide grants to each 352
qualified candidate committee pursuant to the provisions of this 353
chapter, resulting in an insufficiency in said fund, a portion of the 354
revenues from the tax imposed under chapter 208, equal to the amount 355
of any insufficiency described in subdivision (1) or (2) of this section, 356
shall be deposited in said fund to allow for the payment of grants 357
pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. 358
Sec. 17. Subsection (b) of section 12-107e of the general statutes is 359
repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 360
1, 2025): 361
(b) An owner of land included in any area designated as open space 362
land upon any plan as finally adopted may apply for its classification as 363
open space land on any grand list of a municipality by filing a written 364
application for such classification with the assessor thereof not earlier 365
than thirty days before or later than thirty days after the assessment 366
date, provided in a year in which a revaluation of all real property in 367
accordance with section 12-62 becomes effective such application may 368
be filed not later than ninety days after such assessment date. The 369
assessor shall determine whether there has been any change in the area 370
designated as an area of open space land upon the plan of development 371
which adversely affects its essential character as an area of open space 372
land and, if the assessor determines that there has been no such change, 373
said assessor shall classify such land as open space land and include it 374
as such on the grand list. An application for classification of land as open 375 Raised Bill No. 6849
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space land shall be made upon a form prescribed by the Commissioner 376
of Agriculture and shall set forth a description of the land, a general 377
description of the use to which it is being put, a statement of the 378
potential liability for tax under the provisions of [section] sections 12-379
504a to 12-504f, inclusive, and such other information as the assessor 380
may require to aid in determining whether such land qualifies for such 381
classification. Any advisory opinion issued by the Commissioner of 382
Agriculture pursuant to section 22-4c, stating that such land constitutes 383
open space land, shall be prima facie evidence that such land is classified 384
as open space land for purposes of this section. 385
Sec. 18. Subsection (b) of section 21a-7 of the general statutes is 386
repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 387
1, 2025): 388
(b) With the exception of the Liquor Control Commission, each board 389
or commission within the Department of Consumer Protection under 390
section 21a-6 that makes a proposed final decision that is adverse to a 391
party, as described in subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of this section, 392
shall submit such proposed final decision to the Commissioner of 393
Consumer Protection. Not later than thirty calendar days after receipt of 394
any such proposed final decision, the Commissioner of Consumer 395
Protection shall notify such board or commission that the commissioner 396
shall render the final decision concerning such matter. Not later than 397
thirty days after receipt of any such proposed final decision, the 398
commissioner shall approve, modify or reject the proposed final 399
decision or remand the proposed final decision for further review or for 400
the taking of additional evidence. The commissioner shall notify the 401
board or commission in writing of the commissioner's decision and 402
include in such notification the rationale for such decision. The decision 403
of the commissioner shall be the final decision in accordance with 404
section 4-180 for purposes of reconsideration in accordance with section 405
4-181a or appeal to the Superior Court in accordance with section 4-183. 406
Sec. 19. Subsection (a) of section 25-156 of the general statutes is 407
repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 408 Raised Bill No. 6849
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1, 2025): 409
(a) There is established the Long Island Sound Foundation, Inc., a 410
nonstock, nonprofit corporation, organized under the laws of the state 411
of Connecticut as a state chartered foundation. The Long Island Sound 412
Foundation, Inc. shall be a successor organization to the Long Island 413
Sound Assembly established under section 25-155 of the general 414
statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2023. 415
This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
sections:
Section 1 October 1, 2025 3-56a(9)
Sec. 2 October 1, 2025 4-8(c)
Sec. 3 October 1, 2025 9-4a(b)(2)
Sec. 4 October 1, 2025 9-31l(b)(6)
Sec. 5 October 1, 2025 9-32(b)
Sec. 6 October 1, 2025 9-35c
Sec. 7 October 1, 2025 9-153a
Sec. 8 October 1, 2025 9-158c(a)(1)
Sec. 9 October 1, 2025 9-163k(c)(3)
Sec. 10 October 1, 2025 9-264
Sec. 11 October 1, 2025 9-311(a) and (b)
Sec. 12 October 1, 2025 9-311a
Sec. 13 October 1, 2025 9-404c(b)
Sec. 14 October 1, 2025 9-601(33)(C)
Sec. 15 October 1, 2025 9-601d(a)
Sec. 16 July 1, 2025 9-750
Sec. 17 October 1, 2025 12-107e(b)
Sec. 18 October 1, 2025 21a-7(b)
Sec. 19 October 1, 2025 25-156(a)
GAE Joint Favorable