OFFICE OF FISCAL ANALYSIS
Legislative Office Building, Room 5200
Hartford, CT 06106 (860) 240-0200
http://www.cga.ct.gov/ofa
sSB-9
AN ACT CONCERNING THE ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE AND
SUSTAINABLE MUNICIPAL AND STATE PLANNING, AND THE
USE OF NEONICOTINOIDS AND SECOND -GENERATION
ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES.
Primary Analyst: LG 4/1/25
Contributing Analyst(s): AB, SB, ME, EMG, PM, JP, RP, CR
Reviewer: RW
OFA Fiscal Note
State Impact:
Agency Affected Fund-Effect FY 26 $ FY 27 $
Department of Energy and
Environmental Protection
GF - Cost 75,000 75,000
State Comptroller - Fringe
Benefits
1
GF - Cost 26,462 26,462
Department of Energy and
Environmental Protection
GF - Revenue
Gain
Potential Potential
Various State Agencies GF - Potential
Savings
See Below See Below
Note: GF=General Fund
Municipal Impact: See below
Explanation
The bill results in various impacts that are described below.
Sections 6 and 7 expands a requirement for municipalities to apply
coastal site review requirements to certain new construction. This may
result in a potential cost to municipalities beginning in FY 26 associated
with more reviews.
Section 8 prohibits any state entity from using state funds to
1
The fringe benefit costs for most state employees are budgeted centrally in accounts
administered by the Comptroller. The estimated active employee fringe benefit cost
associated with most personnel changes is 40.71% of payroll in FY 26. 2025SB-00009-R000418-FN.DOCX Page 2 of 5
subsidize certain residential structures when the structure is located on
a repetitive-loss property or within the floodway or coastal high-hazard
area. This may result in a potential savings to various state agencies
beginning in FY 26 to the extent less construction is subsidized.
Section 10 requires each municipality to submit a report of the
culverts and bridges located within the municipality and outlines what
must be included in the report, including geospatial data and any other
information required by the Office of Policy and Management (OPM).
This may result in a cost to various municipalities, likely beginning in
FY 27 that is dependent on what information must be included in the
report.
Section 11 expands allowable uses of municipal reserve funds. This
may result in a municipality using its reserve funds more quickly
beginning in FY 26.
Section 12 expands allowable uses of Town Aid Road (TAR) grants
to include building, improving, and maintaining resiliency for roads,
bridges, and related structures that may be impacted by increased
precipitation, flooding, sea level rise, and extreme heat. This may result
in a municipality using its TAR grant more quickly beginning in FY 26.
Sections 13 and 14 make changes to the requirements that must be
included in municipalities' Plans of Conservation and Development
(POCDs), including a climate change vulnerability assessment and use
of geospatial (GIS) data, among others. These sections require any
POCDs adopted after October 1, 2026, to include these new
requirements.
2
Beginning in FY 26, this may result in costs of up to $20,000 for
various municipalities to include the new requirements in their POCDs.
Costs to municipalities will depend on what is needed to meet these
requirements and may include technology, programs for GIS data, or
2
Under current law, municipalities are required to update their plan of conservation
and development at least once every ten years. 2025SB-00009-R000418-FN.DOCX Page 3 of 5
consultants.
These provisions may also result in a revenue loss to various
municipalities to the extent they are unable to adopt the POCDs with
the new requirements. Failure to do so, consistent with current law,
results in a municipality becoming ineligible for discretionary state
funding.
3
Section 17, which requires the Department of Emergency Services
and Public Protection (DESPP) to make several updates to the state civil
preparedness plan, results in a cost of $88,000 to DESPP and $35,825 to
the State Comptroller - Fringe Benefits beginning in FY 29. DESPP will
need to hire one Emergency Management Program Specialist with a
starting salary of $88,000.
Sections 18 – 20, and 35 permit and outline the requirements for
municipal zoning regulations to allow for a regional transfer of
development rights system. Any fiscal impact is dependent on how land
is used as a result.
Sections 23 – 32 establish and outline the powers of resiliency
improvement districts that are similar to increment financing districts.
The sections permit municipalities to establish these resiliency
improvement districts and provide guidelines for how they can be used.
The impact of these sections is dependent on how municipalities use the
districts.
The sections require municipalities that establish a resiliency
improvement district to first develop a district master plan and financial
plan. This results in a potential cost to municipalities to develop these
plans. There is an additional, minimal cost to municipalities that choose
to establish these districts associated with holding a public hearing. A
municipality may also incur costs by issuing bonds for various
3
Discretionary state funding includes, but is not limited to, any source of funding that
a state agency administers through a competitive process. This may include: the Urban
Action Program and Small-Town Economic Assistance Program. 2025SB-00009-R000418-FN.DOCX Page 4 of 5
economic development projects.
The sections also allow municipalities to fix the assessment of certain
properties within a resiliency improvement district. This would
preclude any grand list growth resulting from an increase in the
assessment of the property.
Municipalities may also impose benefits assessments on real
property in the district that benefits from public improvements. This
may result in a potential revenue gain to municipalities that is
dependent on what the change in assessed value is as a result of the
improvements.
The sections require municipalities to: (1) replace any affordable
housing units within the district that are demolished or reduced as a
result of a resiliency improvement project, or (2) replace two units for
each affordable unit that was demolished or reduced if they have to be
relocated outside of the district boundary. This results in a potential cost
to municipalities to the extent that affordable housing units are
demolished.
Sections 33 and 34 require, by January 1, 2026, the Department of
Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) commissioner to classify
all second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides for restricted use and
bans (with certain exceptions) selling, possessing, or using a pesticide
that has any neonicotinoid. DEEP does not currently have the staff
available to complete and enforce the provisions contained within the
bill and would require one new full-time Environmental Analyst 2. The
additional full-time position would result in an annual salary of $65,000
(corresponding fringe benefits of $26,462) and approximately $10,000 in
other expenses (including a computer, cellphone, and supplies for
monitoring and reporting).
Additionally, these sections make a violation of the ban on
neonicotinoids subject to a civil penalty of up to $2,500 per violation,
resulting in a potential revenue gain to the General Fund beginning in
FY 26. The extent of the revenue gain depends on the number of 2025SB-00009-R000418-FN.DOCX Page 5 of 5
violations and the amount of each fine collected.
The bill includes various other requirements that do not result in a
fiscal impact to the state or municipalities.
The annualized ongoing fiscal impact identified above would
continue into the future subject to inflation, how municipalities choose
to use the resiliency improvement districts, and the terms of any bonds
issued.
The Out Years
The annualized ongoing fiscal impact identified above would
continue into the future subject to inflation, how municipalities choose
to use the resiliency improvement districts, and the terms of any bonds
issued.
The impact to DESPP is expected to begin in FY 29 and will result in
an annual cost of $88,000 and corresponding fringe benefit costs.