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General Assembly Raised Bill No. 1292
January Session, 2025
LCO No. 4310
Referred to Committee on ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY
Introduced by:
(ET)
AN ACT CONCERNING ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY
REQUIREMENTS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DATA CENTERS.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
Assembly convened:
Section 1. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2025) (a) For the purposes of this 1
section: 2
(1) "Artificial intelligence" has the same meaning as provided in 3
section 51-10e of the general statutes; 4
(2) "Artificial intelligence data center" or "data center" means a facility 5
that is developed, acquired, constructed, rehabilitated, renovated, 6
repaired or operated to house a group of networked computer servers 7
in one physical location or multiple contiguous locations to centralize 8
the storage, management and dissemination of data and information 9
pertaining to artificial intelligence that requires an energy load of not 10
less than one megawatt of uninterrupted capacity; 11
(3) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Energy and 12
Environmental Protection; 13
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(4) "Energy reuse factor" means a calculation of waste heat reused 14
divided by total energy consumption; 15
(5) "Power usage effectiveness" means a calculation of an artificial 16
intelligence data center's total energy consumption divided by the total 17
energy consumption of its information technology equipment; 18
(6) "Renewable energy factor" means a calculation of an artificial 19
intelligence data center's total renewable energy consumption divided 20
by its total energy consumption; 21
(7) "Total renewable energy" means the sum of total renewable 22
energy certificates, total renewable energy consumption from power 23
purchasing agreements and total renewable energy consumption from 24
on-site renewable energy generating resources or power supplies; 25
(8) "Waste heat reused" means any heat that is used or reused outside 26
the boundary of an artificial intelligence data center and that substitutes, 27
partly or entirely, energy needed outside the boundary of such data 28
center; and 29
(9) "Water usage effectiveness" means a calculation of an artificial 30
intelligence data center's total water input divided by the total energy 31
consumption of its information technology equipment. 32
(b) Not later than July 1, 2026, and quarterly thereafter, any owner or 33
operator of an artificial intelligence data center shall submit a report to 34
the commissioner that contains at a minimum the following information 35
for each such data center: 36
(1) Basic information relating to such data center, including: (A) The 37
name of such data center; (B) the owner or operator of such data center; 38
(C) the address of such data center; (D) the nature or purpose of such 39
data center; and (E) the month and year such data center commenced 40
operation; 41
(2) Information related to energy and water usage of such data center, 42
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including: (A) The total energy consumption in kilowatt-hours, 43
including the use of electricity, fuels and other energy sources used for 44
cooling; (B) the name of the electric distribution company serving such 45
data center and any electric service agreements between such utility and 46
such data center; (C) any on-site power supply, including (i) any 47
primary power on site and emergency backup power supply, and (ii) 48
any permit information such as permit numbers, capacity, tier level, fuel 49
type, total permitted emissions for such data center and any other 50
relevant information; (D) the total energy consumption of information 51
technology equipment in kilowatt-hours measured as the value of the 52
combined annual energy consumption at every uninterruptible power 53
system connected to information technology equipment; (E) the total 54
water input in cubic meters that includes all water volumes that enter 55
such data center's boundary that are used for the functions of such data 56
center, including information technology, security, power and 57
environment; and (F) the source of water for such data center, including 58
a municipal water supply, groundwater, surface water and whether 59
water from such sources is potable or reclaimed. If an artificial 60
intelligence data center utilizes more than one water source, the owner 61
or operator of such data center shall provide information regarding 62
water usage from each source as a percentage of total water usage; 63
(3) Performance calculations and indicators for such data center, 64
including the energy reuse factor, power usage effectiveness, renewable 65
energy factor and water usage effectiveness; 66
(4) Sustainability indicators for such data center, including: (A) The 67
average set point information technology equipment intake air 68
temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, which shall be measured as the 69
average set point temperature in all of such data center's computer 70
rooms over a twelve-month period; (B) the average waste heat 71
temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, which shall be measured as the 72
temperature of the fluid used to cool any information and 73
communication technology equipment, averaged over a twelve-month 74
period across every measurement point which shall be measured at the 75
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point where heated fluid enters a heat exchanger in such data center's 76
computer rooms; (C) the amount of total renewable energy in kilowatt-77
hours; and (D) the amount of waste heat reused in kilowatt-hours; and 78
(5) Any other information as required by the commissioner. 79
(c) Any information reported to the commissioner pursuant to 80
subsection (b) of this section shall be expressly excluded from any 81
exemption provided in section 1-210 of the general statutes. 82
(d) Not later than January 1, 2027, the commissioner shall, with the 83
assistance of any state agency as determined by the commissioner, 84
design, implement and maintain a publicly accessible Internet web site 85
to serve as a state-wide clearinghouse for information relating to water 86
and energy usage of all artificial intelligence data centers operating in 87
the state. 88
(e) Any owner or operator of an artificial intelligence data center shall 89
notify the commissioner of any substantial change in operations or 90
technologies that would require an update to the information required 91
in subsection (b) of this section not less than sixty days prior to making 92
such change. 93
(f) The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the 94
provisions of chapter 54 of the general statutes, to establish energy and 95
water efficiency performance standards for artificial intelligence data 96
centers. Such regulations shall: (1) Prioritize cost-effectiveness, 97
technological feasibility and alignment with the state's greenhouse gas 98
emission reduction targets adopted pursuant to section 22a-200a of the 99
general statutes and the state water plan adopted pursuant to section 100
22a-352 of the general statutes, (2) consider best practices for energy and 101
water usage effectiveness, energy and water management systems and 102
the use of renewable energy resources, and (3) require new artificial 103
intelligence data centers and substantial alterations to existing data 104
centers to incorporate load-management and load-shifting capabilities, 105
including the ability to participate in demand response programs. 106
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This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
sections:
Section 1 October 1, 2025 New section
Statement of Purpose:
To require (1) an owner or operator of an artificial intelligence data
center to submit quarterly reports to the Commissioner of Energy and
Environmental Protection, and (2) the commissioner to adopt
regulations concerning water and energy efficiency standards for such
data centers.
[Proposed deletions are enclosed in brackets. Proposed additions are indicated by underline, except
that when the entire text of a bill or resolution or a section of a bill or resolution is new, it is not
underlined.]