This document does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives.
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DATE: 3/18/2022
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF FINAL BILL ANALYSIS
BILL #: CS/CS/HB 379 Indecent, Lewd, or Lascivious Touching
SPONSOR(S): Judiciary Committee and Criminal Justice & Public Safety Subcommittee, Chaney and others
TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: CS/SB 444
FINAL HOUSE FLOOR ACTION: 117 Y’s
0 N’s GOVERNOR’S ACTION: Pending
SUMMARY ANALYSIS
CS/CS/HB 379 passed the House on March 8, 2022, as CS/SB 444 as amended. The Senate concurred in the
House amendment to the Senate bill and subsequently passed the bill as amended on March 10, 2022.
The Florida Supreme Court has held that the terms "lewd" and "lascivious" mean a wicked, lustful, unchaste,
licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person doing an act. Section 800.04, F.S., criminalizes the
following lewd or lascivious offenses committed on or in the presence of a person under 16 years of age: lewd
or lascivious battery; lewd or lascivious molestation; lewd or lascivious conduct; and lewd or lascivious
exhibition. A person commits lewd or lascivious molestation by: intentionally touching in a lewd or lascivious
manner the breasts, genitals, genital area, or buttocks, or the clothing covering them, of a person under 16; or
forcing or enticing a person under 16 to so touch the perpetrator.
The penalty for lewd or lascivious molestation ranges from a third degree felony up to a life felony depending
on the offender’s age, the victim’s age, and the circumstances surrounding the commission of the offense, and
a victim’s consent is not a defense. Additionally, under s. 794.05, F.S., sexual activity between a person who is
24 or older and a victim who is 16 or 17 years old is a second degree felony, regardless of consent. Sexual
activity means the oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or
vaginal penetration of another by any other object, excluding an act done for legitimate medical purposes.
A battery occurs when a person: actually and intentionally touches or strikes another person against the other
person’s will; or intentionally causes bodily harm to another person. Battery is generally a first degree
misdemeanor, however, if an offender has a prior conviction for battery, felony battery, or aggravated battery, a
battery offense may be enhanced to a third degree felony.
As such, under current law, a person older than 24 commits a second degree felony by engaging in sexual
activity with a 16 or 17 year old victim, regardless of consent, and a person who touches, in a lewd or
lascivious manner, the clothed or unclothed breasts or genital area of a person under 16 commits a felony
offense, but a person who intentionally touches the breasts, genitals, genital area, or buttocks of a 16 or 17
year old may only be charged with a misdemeanor battery.
The bill creates s. 794.051, F.S., to create the crime of indecent, lewd, or lascivious touching of certain minors
(ILLT of minors), which is punishable as a third degree felony, ranked as a level 4 offense on the Criminal
Punishment Code offense severity ranking chart. Under the bill, a person 24 years of age or older commits
ILLT of minors, if he or she:
Intentionally touches a 16 or 17 year old, regardless of his or her consent, in a lewd or lascivious
manner on the breasts, genitals, genital area, or buttocks, or the clothing covering them; or
Forces or entices a 16 or 17 year old to so touch the perpetrator.
The bill specifies the crime does not apply if the 16 or 17 year old is emancipated and is therefore legally an
adult.
The Criminal Justice Impact Conference met on February 7, 2022, and determined a prior similar version of the
bill would have a positive indeterminate impact on prison beds.
Subject to the Governor’s veto powers, the effective date of this bill is October 1, 2022.
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I. SUBSTANTIVE INFORMATION
A. EFFECT OF CHANGES:
Background
The Florida Supreme Court has held that the terms "lewd" and "lascivious" mean a wicked, lustful,
unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person doing an act.
1
While Florida
criminalizes specified lewd or lascivious contact with a person under the age of 16 as a felony offense,
the same type of contact committed upon a person 16 or 17 years of age may only be charged as a
misdemeanor battery.
Lewd or Lascivious Molestation
A person commits lewd or lascivious molestation by:
Intentionally touching in a lewd or lascivious manner the breasts, genitals, genital area, or
buttocks, or the clothing covering them, of a person under 16; or
Forcing or enticing a person under 16 to so touch the perpetrator.
2
The penalty for lewd or lascivious molestation varies depending on the offender’s age, the victim’s age,
and the circumstances surrounding the commission of the offense. However, the offense is always
punishable as a felony and only applies when a victim is younger than 16.
3
An offender who is 18 years of age or older when he or she commits lewd or lascivious molestation
upon a victim:
4
Younger than 12 years of age, commits a life felony.
5
12 years of age or older but younger than 16 years of age, commits a second degree felony.
12 years of age or older but younger than 16 years of age, and the perpetrator was previously
convicted of a specified offense, commits a first degree felony.
An offender who is younger than 18 years of age when he or she commits lewd or lascivious
molestation upon a victim:
6
Younger than 12 years of age, commits a second degree felony.
12 years of age or older but younger than 16 years of age, commits a third degree felony.
In a prosecution for any lewd or lascivious offense under s. 800.04, F.S., a perpetrator is prohibited
from raising any of the following as a defense:
The victim’s lack of chastity;
The victim’s consent;
The perpetrator’s ignorance of the victim’s age;
The victim’s misrepresentation of his or her age; or
The perpetrator’s bona fide belief of the victim’s age.
While a person who touches, in a lewd or lascivious manner, the clothed or unclothed breasts, genitals,
genital area, or buttocks of a person under 16 commits a third degree felony up to a life felony offense,
current law does not specifically criminalize similar touching of a 16 or 17 year old victim as any crime
other than a misdemeanor battery.
1
Chesebrough v. State, 255 So.2d 675, 677 (Fla. 1971).
2
S. 800.04(5)(a), F.S.
3
See s. 800.04(5)(b)–(e), F.S.
4
S. 800.04(5)(b), (c)2., and (e), F.S.
5
A life felony is punishable by up to life in prison and a $15,000 fine. Ss. 775.082, 775.083, or 775.084, F.S.
6
S. 800.04(c)1. and (d), F.S.
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Unlawful Sexual Activity with a Minor
Section 794.05, F.S., criminalizes sexual activity between a person who is 24 or older and a victim who
is 16 or 17 years old, regardless of whether the 16 or 17 year old victim consents to such sexual
activity.
7
Sexual activity means the oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ
of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another by any other object, but does not include an act
done for a bona fide medical purpose. A person convicted of unlawful sexual activity with a minor must
register as a sexual offender under s. 943.0435, F.S.
Evidence of a victim’s prior sexual conduct is not relevant in a prosecution for unlawful sexual activity
with a minor. If an offender’s unlawful sexual activity with a minor directly results in the victim giving
birth to a child, paternity of the child must be determined under ch. 742, F.S., and the offender must pay
child support as provided in ch. 61, F.S.
While a person 24 years of age or older commits a second degree felony by engaging in sexual activity
with a 16 or 17 year old victim, regardless of consent, current law does not similarly criminalize
touching the breasts, genitals, genital area, or buttocks of such a minor as any crime other than a
misdemeanor battery.
Battery
A battery occurs when a person:
Actually and intentionally touches or strikes another person against the other person’s will; or
Intentionally causes bodily harm to another person.
8
Battery is generally punishable as a first degree misdemeanor,
9
however, if an offender has a prior
conviction for battery, felony battery, or aggravated battery, the offense may be enhanced to a third
degree felony.
10, 11
Felony battery occurs when a person: actually and intentionally touches or strikes another person
against the will of the other person and, in so doing, causes great bodily harm, permanent disability, or
permanent disfigurement; or commits domestic battery by strangulation.
12
Aggravated battery, a second degree felony, occurs when a person committing a battery:
Intentionally or knowingly causes great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent
disfigurement;
Uses a deadly weapon; or
Knows or should have known that the victim was pregnant at the time of the offense.
13
A battery offense does not distinguish touching another person on the breasts, genitals, genital area, or
buttocks from touching a person anywhere else on his or her body.
Criminal Punishment Code
7
However, the offense does not apply to a person 16 or 17 years of age who has been emancipated under ch. 743, F.S. S. 794.05(2),
F.S.
8
S. 784.03, F.S.
9
A first degree misdemeanor is punishable by up to one year in county jail and a $1,000 fine. Ss. 775.082 and 775.083, F.S.
10
“Conviction” means a determination of guilt that is the result of a plea or a trial, regardless of whether adjudication is withheld or a
plea of nolo contendere is entered. S. 784.03, F.S.
11
A misdemeanor battery offense may also be reclassified as a felony offense when committed upon specified persons or specified
persons engaged in the lawful performance of their duties, such as a law enforcement officer, a person older than 65 years of age, or a
code inspector. See ss. 162.04(2), 784.07, 784.074, 784.08, 784.081, 784.082, 784.083, and 1000.04, F.S.
12
S. 784.041, F.S.
13
S. 784.045, F.S. Additionally, an aggravated battery committed by a person acting in furtherance of a riot or an aggravated riot
prohibited under s. 870.01, F.S., is ranked one level above the ranking under s. 921.0022, F.S., for the offense committed.
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Felony offenses which are subject to the Criminal Punishment Code
14
are listed in a single offense
severity ranking chart (OSRC),
15
which uses 10 offense levels to rank felonies from least severe to
most severe. Each felony offense listed in the OSRC is assigned a level according to the severity of the
offense.
16, 17
A person’s primary offense, any other current offenses, and prior convictions are scored
using the points designated for the offense severity level of each current offense.
18, 19
The final score
calculation, following the scoresheet formula, determines the lowest permissible sentence that a trial
court may impose, absent a valid reason for departure.
20
Effect of the Bill
The bill creates s. 794.051, F.S., to create the crime of indecent, lewd, or lascivious touching of certain
minors, which is punishable as a third degree felony and is ranked as a level 4 offense on the OSRC.
Under the bill, a person 24 years of age or older who intentionally touches a 16 or 17 year old,
regardless of his or her consent, in a lewd or lascivious manner on the breasts, genitals, genital area, or
buttocks, or the clothing covering them, or forces or entices a 16 or 17 year old to so touch the
perpetrator, commits the offense.
The bill specifies the crime does not apply if the 16 or 17 year old is emancipated and is therefore
legally an adult.
Subject to the Governor’s veto powers, the effective date of this bill is October 1, 2022.
II. FISCAL ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT
A. FISCAL IMPACT ON STATE GOVERNMENT:
1. Revenues:
None.
14
All felony offenses, with the exception of capital felonies, committed on or after October 1, 1998, are subject to the Criminal
Punishment Code.
15
S. 921.0022, F.S.
16
S. 921.0022(2) and (3)(e), F.S.
17
Felony offenses that are not listed in the OSRC default to statutorily assigned levels, as follows: an unlisted third degree felony
defaults to a level 1; an unlisted second degree felony defaults to a level 4; an unlisted first degree felony defaults to a level 7; an
unlisted first degree felony punishable by life defaults to a level 9; and an unlisted life felony defaults to a level 10. S. 921.0023, F.S.
18
Ss. 921.0022 and 921.0024, F.S.
19
A person may also accumulate points for factors such as victim injury points, community sanction violation points, and certain
sentencing multipliers. S. 921.0024(2), F.S.
20
If a person scores more than 44 points, the lowest permissible sentence is a specified term of months in state prison, determined by
a formula. If a person scores 44 points or fewer, the court may impose a nonprison sanction, such as a county jail sentence, probation,
or community control. Id.
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2. Expenditures:
The Criminal Justice Impact Conference met on February 7, 2022, and determined that a prior
similar version of the bill
21
would have a positive indeterminate impact on prison beds.
22
Per the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, there were 125 people arrested for the second
degree misdemeanor offenses of lewd and lascivious behavior (s. 798.02, F.S.) and unnatural and
lascivious act (s. 800.02, F.S.) in FY 18-19. In FY 19-20, there were 63 people arrested, and in FY
20-21, there were 50 people arrested. It is not known how many of those arrested would fall within
the age requirements for the conduct prohibited under the new section of law created by the bill.
23
It
is possible that this conduct might currently fall under simple battery, a high-volume misdemeanor
offense that elevates to a Level 1, third degree felony if a second or subsequent battery occurs after
a prior conviction. There were 168,345 arrests for misdemeanor battery over the last three fiscal
years.
B. FISCAL IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
None.
C. DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR:
None.
D. FISCAL COMMENTS:
None.
21
The prior version of the bill contained an additional offense of indecent battery, punishable as a first degree misdemeanor for a first
offense and a third degree felony for a second offense.
22
Criminal Justice Impact Conference, CS/HB 379 – Indecent, Lewd, or Lascivious Touching, February 7, 2022,
http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/conferences/criminaljusticeimpact/CSHB379.pdf (last visited Mar. 17, 2022).
23
Id.