This docum ent does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives.
STORAGE NAME: h1071.TMS
DATE: 3/9/2023
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS
BILL #: HB 1071 Drone Delivery Services
SPONSOR(S): Duggan and others
TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: SB 1068
REFERENCE ACTION ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR or
BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF
1) Transportation & Modals Subcommittee Lewis Hinshelwood
2) Local Administration, Federal Affairs & Special
Districts Subcommittee
3) Infrastructure Strategies Committee
SUMMARY ANALYSIS
A drone is a powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide
vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a
lethal or nonlethal payload.
Within the Unmanned Aircraft Systems Act, the bill:
Defines “drone delivery service” as a person or entity engaged in a business or profession of delivering
goods via drone and who is governed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
Defines “drone port” as an area of nonresidential land or water which is used or intended for use by a
drone delivery service for the launch and landing of drones.
Prohibits a political subdivision from withholding the issuance of a business tax receipt to a drone
delivery service or enacting or enforcing an ordinance or resolution that prohibits a drone delivery
service’s operation based on the location of its drone port.
The bill exempts drone ports from the Florida Building Code.
The bill has an indeterminate fiscal impact on local governments and the private sector.
The bill has an effective date of July 1, 2023. STORAGE NAME: h1071.TMS PAGE: 2
DATE: 3/9/2023
FULL ANALYSIS
I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS
A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
Background
Drones
Under Florida law, a drone is a powered, aerial vehicle that:
Does not carry a human operator;
Uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift;
Can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely;
Can be expendable or recoverable; and
Can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload.
1
The full system comprised of a drone and its associated elements, including communication links and
the components that control the drone which are required for safe and efficient operation, is called an
unmanned aircraft system (UAS).
2
Federal Drone Regulation
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulates the use of navigable airspace to ensure the safety
of aircraft and the efficient use of airspace.
3
Part 107 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
known as the Small UAS Rule, allows many types of UAS operations. A pilot in control of a small UAS
4
must comply with all of the following operating limitations when operating a small UAS:
The groundspeed of the small unmanned aircraft may not exceed 87 knots (100 miles per
hour);
The altitude of the small unmanned aircraft cannot be higher than 400 feet above ground
level, unless the small unmanned aircraft is flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure;
The minimum flight visibility, as observed from the location of the control station must be no
less than 3 statute miles and must be seen at all times during the flight without any device
other than corrective lenses;
The minimum distance of the small unmanned aircraft from clouds must be no less than 500
feet below the cloud and 2,000 feet horizontally from the cloud.
5
A remote pilot in command, owner, or person manipulating the flight controls of a small UAS must
physically possess a remote pilot certificate
6
with a small UAS rating and identification when operating
a small UAS.
7
Anyone flying pursuant to the small UAS regulations has to register each drone they
intend to operate with the FAA prior to operation.
8
Related to package delivery operations, the small UAS regulations prohibit the carriage or
transportation of dangerous goods at all times and is not subject to a waiver.
9
1
S. 934.50(2)(a), F.S.
2
S. 330.41(2)(c), F.S.
3
49 U.S.C. § 40103.
4
14 C.F.R § 107.3 defines a “small unmanned aircraft” as an unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 pounds on takeoff,
including everything that is on board or otherwise attached to the aircraft.
5
14 C.F.R § 107.51.
6
A person must be at least 16 years old to qualify for a remote pilot certificate. To obtain the certificate you must either
pass an initial aeronautical knowledge test at an FAA-approved knowledge testing center, or if you already have a Part 61
pilot certificate, you must have completed a flight review in the previous 24 months and you must take a small UAS online
training course provided by the FAA.
7
14 C.F.R § 107.7.
8
Federal Aviation Administration, FAADroneZone, https://faadronezone-access.faa.gov/#/ (last visited Feb. 28, 2023).
9
14 C.F.R. § 107.36. STORAGE NAME: h1071.TMS PAGE: 3
DATE: 3/9/2023
State Drone Regulation
In Florida, the authority to regulate the operation of UAS’s is preempted to the state. Political
subdivisions may not enforce ordinances or resolutions impacting the design, manufacture, testing,
maintenance, licensing, registration, certification, or operation of a UAS.
10
However, political
subdivisions may enact or enforce ordinances or resolutions relating to nuisances, voyeurism,
harassment, reckless endangerment, property damage, or other illegal acts arising from the use of
UAS’s if such laws or ordinances are not specifically related to the use of a UAS for those illegal acts.
11
Drone Delivery Services
Part 135 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, known as “Air Carrier and Operator
Certification,” is the only regulatory path for small drones to carry the property of another for
compensation beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS). From 2017 through 2020, the UAS Integration Pilot
Program focused on testing and evaluating the integration of civil and public drone operations into the
national airspace system. The UAS BEYOND program began in 2020 and is a four-year initiative to
continue addressing the challenges of UAS integration, including BVLOS operations.
12
Participants in
these two programs are among the first to propose their concepts for package delivery by drone, and
through the process will help the FAA identify unnecessary rules for drones, such as the requirement to
carry flight manuals on board the aircraft.
13
All Part 135 applicants, including those for drone delivery service, must go through the full five phases
of the FAA certification process.
14
Certificates are issued based on the type of services the operator
plans to provide and where they want to conduct their operations. There are four types of Part 135
certificates ranging from limited to no limits on the size and scope of operations: Single Pilot, Single
Pilot in Command, Basic, and Standard. Before they begin operations, operators must receive airspace
authorizations and air carrier or operating certificates.
15
UPS Flight Forward, Inc. was the first company to receive a Standard Part 135 air carrier certificate in
October of 2019. UPS Flight Forward’s standard certificate permits the company to fly an unlimited
number of drones, with an unlimited number of remote operators in command, BVLOS, and at
night.
16
Today, five companies have received the full, Standard Part 135 certification: Alphabet’s Wing
Aviation, UPS, Amazon, Zipline, and Flytrex.
17
In December of 2022, Walmart, in partnership with DroneUp, launched drone delivery service for select
customers in the Tampa and Orlando areas of Florida. Seven stores offer the service for a $3.99
delivery fee, to customers within a 1-mile radius.
18
DroneUp does not have a Part 135 certificate;
therefore, pending certification, their drone operations have limitations on the size and scope of their
current operations, including that they can only operate under visual line of sight (VLOS) rules.
10
S. 330.41(3)(b), F.S.
11
S. 330.41(3)(c), F.S.
12
Federal Aviation Administration, Package Delivery by Drone,
https://www.faa.gov/uas/advanced_operations/package_delivery_drone (last visited Mar. 3, 2023).
13
Id.
14
Federal Aviation Administration, 14 CFR Part 135 Certification Process,
https://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airline_certification/135_certification/cert_process (last visited Mar. 3, 2023).
15
Supra note 12.
16
Juan Plaza, UPS Flight Forward Receives Part 135 Certification to Operate Drone Delivery, Commercial UAV News,
Airline (Oct. 2, 2019), https://www.commercialuavnews.com/infrastructure/ups-flight-forward-receives-part-135-
certification-to-operate-a-drone-airline (last visited Mar. 3, 2023).
17
Miriam McNabb, Flytrex, Causey Aviation Unmanned Win Part 135 Air Carrier Certification for Long-Range, On-
Demand Commercial Drone Delivery, Drone Life (Jan. 30, 2023), https://dronelife.com/2023/01/30/flytrex-causey-aviation-
unmanned-win-part-135-air-carrier-certification-for-long-range-on-demand-commercial-drone-delivery/ (Mar. 3, 2023).
18
Business Wire, Walmart’s Drone Delivery Takes Flight in Florida with DroneUp
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20221215005622/en/Walmart%E2%80%99s -Drone-Delivery-Takes-Flight-in-
Florida-with-DroneUp (last visited Mar. 3, 2022). STORAGE NAME: h1071.TMS PAGE: 4
DATE: 3/9/2023
Florida Building Code
Florida first adopted a state minimum building code in 1974 that required all local governments to adopt
and enforce one of four model codes that established minimum building standards for health and life
safety of the general public. Under that system, the enforcement and amendment of the adopted codes
was left to the local governments.
19
Following Hurricane Andrew in 1992, the state realized the apparent need to modernize and unify the
local building codes into a single state building code, with an enhanced oversight role of the state
government. The 2000 Legislature authorized the implementation of the Florida Building Code and the
first edition replaced all local codes on March 1, 2002.
20
The current edition of the Florida Building
Code is the seventh edition, which is referred to as the 2020 Florida Building Code.
21
The Florida Building Code provides a mechanism for adopting, updating, amending, interpreting, and
enforcing a unified state building code from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
22
The Florida Building Code
contains or incorporates by reference all laws and rules, and enforces such laws and rules, which
pertain to and govern the design, construction, erection, alteration, modification, repair, and demolition
of public and private buildings, structures, and facilities.
23
Under current law, the following buildings, structures, and facilities are exempt from the Florida Building
Code:
Buildings and structures specifically regulated and preempted by the Federal Government.
Railroads and ancillary facilities associated with the railroad.
Nonresidential farm buildings on farms.
Temporary buildings or sheds used exclusively for construction purposes.
Mobile or modular structures used as temporary offices.
Structures or facilities of electric utilities, directly involved in the generation, transmission, or
distribution of electricity.
Temporary sets, assemblies, or structures used in commercial motion picture or television
production, or any sound-recording equipment used in such production, on or off the
premises.
Storage sheds that are not designed for human habitation and that have a floor area of 720
square feet, and buildings that are 400 square feet or less and that are intended for use in
conjunction with one- and two-family residences, withstanding clauses.
Chickees constructed by the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida or the Seminole Tribe of
Florida.
Family mausoleums not exceeding 250 square feet.
A building or structure having less than 1,000 square feet which is constructed and owned
by a natural person for hunting.
24
For certain of these categories, the Florida Building Commission, in order to preserve the health,
safety, and welfare of the public, may adopt rules to provide exceptions to the broad categories of
buildings exempted from the Code.
25
Effect of the Bill
The bill defines a “drone delivery service” as a person or entity engaged in a business or profession of
delivering goods via drone and who is governed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
19
The Florida Building Commission Report to the 2006 Legislature, Florida Department of Community Affairs, p. 4,
https://www.floridabuilding.org/fbc/publications/2006_Legislature_Rpt_rev2.pdf (last visited Mar. 3, 2023).
20
Id.
21
Florida DBPR, Florida Building Code, https://floridabuilding.org/bc/bc_default.aspx (last visited Mar. 3, 2023).
22
S. 553.72(1), F.S.
23
S. 553.73(1)(a), F.S.
24
S. 553.73(10), F.S.
25
S. 553.73(10), F.S. STORAGE NAME: h1071.TMS PAGE: 5
DATE: 3/9/2023
The bill defines a “drone port” as an area of nonresidential land or water which is used or intended for
use by a drone delivery service for the launch and landing of drones.
The bill prohibits a political subdivision from withholding the issuance of a business tax receipt to a
drone delivery service or enacting or enforcing an ordinance or resolution that prohibits a drone delivery
service’s operation based on the location of its drone port, notwithstanding part II of ch. 163, F.S.
(relating to growth policy, county and municipal planning, and land development regulation), and
notwithstanding ch. 205, F.S. (the Local Business Tax Act).
The bill exempts a drone port from the Florida Building Code.
B. SECTION DIRECTORY:
Section 1 Amends s. 330.41, F.S., relating to the Unmanned Aircraft Systems Act.
Section 2 Amends s. 553.73, F.S., relating to the Florida Building Code.
Section 3 Provides an effective date of July 1, 2023.
II. FISCAL ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT
A. FISCAL IMPACT ON STATE GOVERNMENT:
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
None.
B. FISCAL IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
Indeterminate. The bill may result in an increase in business tax revenue due to the operation of
drone delivery services.
C. DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR:
Indeterminate. Businesses and their customers may benefit from expansion of drone delivery services.
D. FISCAL COMMENTS:
None.
III. COMMENTS
A. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES:
1. Applicability of Municipality/County Mandates Provision:
Not applicable.
2. Other: STORAGE NAME: h1071.TMS PAGE: 6
DATE: 3/9/2023
None.
B. RULE-MAKING AUTHORITY:
None.
C. DRAFTING ISSUES OR OTHER COMMENTS:
None.
IV. AMENDMENTS/COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE CHANGES