The Florida Senate
BILL ANALYSIS AND FISCAL IMPACT STATEMENT
(This document is based on the provisions contained in the legislation as of the latest date listed below.)
Prepared By: The Professional Staff of the Committee on Rules
BILL: SB 726
INTRODUCER: Senator Ingoglia
SUBJECT: False Reporting
DATE: April 7, 2025
ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR REFERENCE ACTION
1. Wyant Stokes CJ Favorable
2. Schrader Imhof RI Favorable
3. Wyant Yeatman RC Favorable
I. Summary:
SB 726 amends s. 365.172, F.S., to require any person who misuses the 911 system to be liable
for the costs of prosecution and investigation. Current law provides that specified misuse of the
911 systems is a first degree misdemeanor for a first offense.
The bill amends s. 837.05, F.S., to require any person who knowingly gives false information to
law enforcement authorities concerning the alleged commission of any crime to be liable for the
costs of prosecution and investigation. Additionally, the bill requires a person to be liable for
restitution if the false report involves another person who sustained injury or property damage
during the investigation stemming from such false report.
The bill takes effect on July 1, 2025.
II. Present Situation:
According to the Educator’s School Safety Network, in the 2022-2023 school year, there were
more than 446 false reports, or “swatting calls,” of an active shooter within a school comprising
63.8% of all violent incidents, while 7.9% of all violent incidents were actual shootings at a
school.
1
“Swatting” is false reporting an emergency to public safety by a person for the intent of
getting a SWAT team response to a location where no emergency exists.
2
Swatting is not the sole improper use of 911. For example, in January 2025, a Florida woman
was arrested for overusing the 911 system. Authorities allege the woman called the county’s 911
1
Educator’s School Safety Network, Swatting Incidents in American Schools 2022-2023, available at:
https://eschoolsafety.org/swatting (last visited March 28, 2025).
2
911.gov, Public Safety Information on “Swatting,” available at:
https://www.911.gov/assets/National_911_Program_Public_Safety_Information_Swatting_2015.pdf (last visited March 28,
2025).
REVISED: BILL: SB 726 Page 2
dispatch line over 30 times in the previous year. In the event that immediately preceded her
arrest, the woman called 911 for knee pain, stating her doctor wants her to get an x-ray. The
defendant was aware that her pain did not constitute a medical emergency, but lacking the ability
to get herself to the hospital, she called 911 for transport.
3
911 Communications
The Emergency Communications Act provides legislative intent to establish and implement a
statewide emergency communications and response capability using modern technologies and
methods and to fund certain costs incurred by the counties associated with public safety
emergency responses.
4
The Emergency Communications Act prohibits the misuse of the 911,
E911,
5
and NG911
6
systems.
7
Section 365.172(14), F.S., provides it is a first degree misdemeanor
8
for a person to:
• Access 911 for the purpose of making a false alarm or complaint or reporting false
information that could result in the emergency response of any public safety agency;
• Knowingly use or attempt to use such service for a purpose other than obtaining public safety
assistance; or
• Knowingly use or attempt to use such service in an effort to avoid any charge for service.
If the value of the service or the service charge exceeds $100, the person commits a third degree
felony.
9,10
Additionally, a person commits a third degree felony if he or she continues to engage in the
unauthorized use of service after being convicted of unauthorized use of such service four
times.
11
3
Law & Crime, “My knee hurts,” Colin Kalmbacher (January 15, 2025), available at: https://lawandcrime.com/crime/my-
knee-hurts-florida-woman-arrested-after-allegedly-calling-911-over-30-times-in-a-single-year/ (last visited March 24, 2025).
4
Section 365.172(2)(a)-(b), F.S.
5
“Enhanced 911” or “E911” means an enhanced 911 system or an enhanced 911 service that is an emergency telephone
system or service that provides a subscriber with 911 service and, in addition, directs 911 calls to appropriate public safety
answering points by selective routing based on geographical location from which the call originated, or as otherwise provided
in the state plan, and that provides for automatic number identification and automatic location-identification features. Section
365.172(3)(i), F.S.
6
“Next Generation 911” or “NG911” means an Internet Protocol (IP)-based system composed of managed Emergency
Services IP Networks, functional elements (applications), and databases that replicate traditional E911 features and functions
and provide additional capabilities. The NG911 system is designed to provide access to emergency services from all
connected communication sources and provide multimedia data capabilities for public safety answering points and other
emergency service organizations. Section 365.172(3)(s), F.S.
7
Section 365.172(14), F.S.
8
A first degree misdemeanor is punishable by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 1 year and a fine of up to $1,000.
Sections 775.082 and 775.083, F.S.
9
Section 365.172(14), F.S.
10
Punishable as provided in ss. 775.082, 775.083, or 775.084, F.S. A third degree felony is generally punishable by not more
than 5 years in state prison and a fine not exceeding $5,000.
11
Section 365.172(14), F.S. BILL: SB 726 Page 3
False Reports to Law Enforcement
Intentionally giving false information to a law enforcement officer is another form of false
reporting. For instance, on January 31, 2025, a woman reported being battered by two neighbors,
whom she alleged pushed, grabbed, and shoved her. Upon investigating the matter further and
finding through interviews and surveillance that the incident never occurred, detectives charged
the woman with filing a false report to law enforcement.
12
Pursuant to s. 837.05, F.S., it is a first degree misdemeanor for a person to knowingly give false
information to a law enforcement officer concerning the alleged commission of any crime.
It is a third degree felony if the person committing this offense has a previous conviction for
such offense and the information given to the law enforcement officer was either communicated
in writing, or communicated orally and the officer’s account of that information is corroborated
by:
• An audio recording or audio recording in a video of that information;
• A written or recorded statement made by the person who gave that information; or
• Another person who was present when that person gave that information to the officer and
heard that information.
It is also a third degree felony for a person to knowingly give false information to a law
enforcement officer concerning the alleged commission of a capital felony.
13
FortifyFL
FortifyFL is a mobile suspicious activity reporting platform that allows school students and the
community to anonymously relay information concerning unsafe, potentially harmful,
dangerous, violent, or criminal activities, or the threat of these activities, to appropriate public
safety agencies and school officials.
14
Section 943.082, F.S., provides that if, following an investigation, it is determined that a person
knowingly submitted a false tip through FortifyFL, the IP address of the device on which the tip
was submitted will be provided to law enforcement agencies for further investigation and the
reporting party may be subject to the criminal penalties under s. 837.05, F.S., listed above.
In the 2024 Legislative Session, lawmakers passed HB 1473 to require that instruction on the use
of FortifyFL is provided to students. The instruction is to be age and developmentally
12
Gulf Coast News, Naples Woman Accused of Making False Reports to Police, (February 11, 2025), available at:
https://www.gulfcoastnewsnow.com/article/naples-florida-woman-false-police-report/63757347 (last visited March 28,
2025).
13
A capital felony most often refers to murder under s. 782.04, F.S., or sexual battery pursuant to s. 794.011, F.S., however
there are several other offenses that may result in a capital felony such as drug trafficking offenses and offenses relating to
weapons of mass destruction and destructive devices.
14
Section 943.082(1), F.S. BILL: SB 726 Page 4
appropriate and include the consequences for making a threat or false report as described in ss.
790.162
15
and 790.163, F.S.
16,17
Federal Provisions
Under Title 18 U.S.C. 1038, also known as the false information and hoaxes law, it is illegal for
a person to engage in any conduct with intent to convey false or misleading information under
circumstances where such information may reasonably be believed and where such information
indicates that it relates to certain criminal chapters of law such as crimes or threats involving
biological or chemical weapons; crimes or threats involving guns, bombs, or explosives; or
crimes affecting infrastructure.
A person who commits an offense under this federal law shall:
• Be fined or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both;
• If serious bodily injury results, be fined or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both; and
• If death results, be fined or imprisoned for any number of years up to life, or both.
A person who commits this offense is also liable in a civil action to any party incurring expenses
incident to any emergency or investigative response to that conduct, for such expenses. The
court, in imposing a sentence, must order the defendant to reimburse any state or local
government, or private not-for-profit organization that provides fire and rescue service, incurring
expenses in any emergency or investigative response.
III. Effect of Proposed Changes:
The bill amends s. 365.172, F.S., to require any person who misuses the 911 system to be liable
for the costs of prosecution and investigation. Current law provides that specified misuse of the
911 systems is a first degree misdemeanor for a first offense.
The bill amends s. 837.05, F.S., to require any person who knowingly gives false information to
law enforcement authorities concerning the alleged commission of any crime to be liable for the
costs of prosecution and investigation. Additionally, the bill requires a person to be liable for
restitution if the false report involves another person who sustained injury or property damage
during the investigation stemming from such false report.
The bill reenacts s. 943.082, F.S. to provide false tips made through FortifyFL may be subject to
criminal penalties under s. 837.05, F.S., including the liability for the costs of prosecution and
investigation stemming from such false tip.
15
Section 790.162, F.S., provides it is unlawful for any person to threaten to throw, project, place, or discharge any
destructive device with intent to do bodily harm to any person or with intent to do damage to any property of any person. The
offense is a second degree felony, punishable as provided in ss. 775.082, 775.083, or 775.084, F.S., generally not more than
15 years in state prison and a fine not exceeding $10,000.
16
Section 790.163, F.S., provides it is unlawful for any person to make a false report, with intent to deceive, mislead, or
otherwise misinform any person, concerning the placing or planting of any bomb, dynamite, other deadly explosive, or
weapon of mass destruction, or concerning the use of firearms in a violent manner against a person or persons. The offense is
a second degree felony, punishable as provided in ss. 775.082, 775.083, or 775.084, F.S., generally not more than 15 years in
state prison and a fine not exceeding $10,000.
17
Ch. 2024-155, Laws of.Fla. BILL: SB 726 Page 5
The bill takes effect on July 1, 2025
IV. Constitutional Issues:
A. Municipality/County Mandates Restrictions:
The bill does not appear to require the cities and counties to expend funds or limit their
authority to raise revenue or receive state-shared revenues as specified by Article VII, s.
18, of the State Constitution.
B. Public Records/Open Meetings Issues:
None.
C. Trust Funds Restrictions:
None.
D. State Tax or Fee Increases:
None.
E. Other Constitutional Issues:
None.
V. Fiscal Impact Statement:
A. Tax/Fee Issues:
None.
B. Private Sector Impact:
None.
C. Government Sector Impact:
None.
VI. Technical Deficiencies:
None.
VII. Related Issues:
None. BILL: SB 726 Page 6
VIII. Statutes Affected:
This bill substantially amends the following sections of the Florida Statutes: 365.172 and 837.05.
This bill reenacts section 943.082 of the Florida Statutes.
IX. Additional Information:
A. Committee Substitute – Statement of Changes:
(Summarizing differences between the Committee Substitute and the prior version of the bill.)
None.
B. Amendments:
None.
This Senate Bill Analysis does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill’s introducer or the Florida Senate.