Illinois 2023 2023-2024 Regular Session

Illinois House Bill HB2204 Enrolled / Bill

Filed 05/30/2023

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1  AN ACT concerning State government.
2  Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
3  represented in the General Assembly:
4  Section 1. Short title. This Act may be cited as the
5  Hydrogen Fuel Replacement Tax Credit Act.
6  Section 5. Legislative findings; purpose. The General
7  Assembly finds that:
8  (1) the health, welfare, and prosperity of all
9  Illinois residents require that the State of Illinois act
10  to reduce carbon emissions and other air pollutants in the
11  State;
12  (2) the State currently invests in a variety of
13  strategies to reduce carbon emissions and other air
14  pollutants, including, but not limited to, strategies that
15  encourage the use of renewable energy, nuclear energy,
16  energy efficient processes, and low-emission vehicles;
17  (3) qualifying hydrogen can be produced through the
18  electrolysis of water using electricity generated by
19  emissions-free energy sources;
20  (4) replacing fossil fuels and hydrogen produced from
21  fossil fuels with qualifying hydrogen can reduce carbon
22  emissions and other air pollutants and benefit the
23  environment and public health of this State; and

 

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1  (5) qualifying hydrogen should be used only where it
2  will reduce carbon emissions and other air pollutants and
3  should primarily be used to replace hydrogen that is not
4  qualifying hydrogen or in sectors where direct
5  electrification is infeasible.
6  This Act is intended to encourage the replacement of
7  fossil fuels and hydrogen produced from fossil fuels with
8  qualifying hydrogen for the purposes of promoting
9  decarbonization and improving the State's air quality.
10  Section 10. Definitions. As used in this Act:
11  "Attestation" means a statement that is made under penalty
12  of perjury by a producer under Section 27.
13  "Department" means the Department of Commerce and Economic
14  Opportunity.
15  "Eligible taxpayer" means a taxpayer that:
16  (1) is subject to subsections (a) and (b) of Section
17  201 of the Illinois Income Tax Act;
18  (2) has eligible qualifying hydrogen use for which the
19  producer has provided an attestation and verification
20  under Section 27;
21  (3) complies with subsections (e) and (f) of Section
22  15 if applicable; and
23  (4) is allocated credits by the Department under
24  Section 25.
25  If the taxpayer is an individual, partnership, trust,

 

 

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1  estate, or Subchapter S corporation, then the taxpayer is an
2  eligible taxpayer only to the extent that the taxpayer's
3  Illinois income tax liability is due to an equity interest in a
4  partnership that uses qualifying hydrogen, a Subchapter S
5  corporation that uses qualifying hydrogen, or a similar
6  pass-through entity that uses qualifying hydrogen.
7  "Eligible qualifying hydrogen use" means the use, in
8  Illinois, of qualifying hydrogen, except for the use of
9  qualifying hydrogen in the following sectors or for the
10  following purposes:
11  (1) the use of qualifying hydrogen in all vehicles
12  powered by combustion engines or in vehicles in classes 1,
13  2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the 8-category Gross Vehicle Weight
14  Rating (GVWR) classification system, where Class 1
15  includes vehicles with a GVWR of less than 6,000 pounds
16  (lbs); Class 2 includes vehicles with a GVWR of 6,001 to
17  10,000 lbs; Class 3 includes vehicles with a GVWR of
18  10,001 to 14,000 lbs; Class 4 includes vehicles with a
19  GVWR of 14,001 to 16,000 lbs; Class 5 includes vehicles
20  with a GVWR of 16,001 to 19,500 lbs; Class 6 includes
21  vehicles with a GVWR of 19,501 to 26,000 lbs; Class 7
22  includes vehicles with a GVWR of 26,001 to 33,000 lbs; and
23  Class 8 includes vehicles with a GVWR of greater than
24  33,001 lbs;
25  (2) the use of qualifying hydrogen in heating or
26  cooking in residential and commercial buildings, including

 

 

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1  space heating, water heating, and clothes drying, or in
2  other cases where qualifying hydrogen is blended into the
3  gas distribution system of a residential or commercial
4  building; and
5  (3) the use of qualifying hydrogen for the production
6  of electricity generated using direct gas combustion,
7  except when that use is (A) for the purpose of emissions
8  reductions to achieve compliance with any rules or
9  regulations promulgated by the United States Environmental
10  Protection Agency, as interpreted and applied in State
11  Implementation Plans under those rules and regulations,
12  and (B) undertaken pursuant to an approved State
13  Implementation Plan for the State of Illinois.
14  "Environmental attribute credit" means a renewable energy
15  credit, zero-emission credit, or carbon mitigation credit, as
16  those terms are defined in Sections 1-10 and 1-75 of the
17  Illinois Power Agency Act, or any other environmental
18  attribute credit tracked by the Generation Attribute Tracking
19  System administered by PJM Interconnection, LLC.
20  "Equity investment eligible community" has the meaning
21  provided in Section 5-5 of the Energy Transition Act.
22  "MISO" means Midcontinent Independent System Operator,
23  Inc.
24  "MISO maximum generation event" has the same meaning as in
25  MISO's Reliability Operating Procedures.
26  "PJM" means PJM Interconnection, LLC, the regional

 

 

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1  transmission organization (RTO) that coordinates the movement
2  of wholesale electricity for portions of 13 states, including
3  Illinois.
4  "PJM performance assessment interval" has the same meaning
5  as provided in the PJM Open Access Transmission Tariff.
6  "Producer" means a producer of qualifying hydrogen.
7  "Qualified renewable energy resource" means an electric
8  generator that (1) is fueled by wind, solar thermal energy,
9  photovoltaic cells and panels, geothermal energy, or
10  hydropower that does not involve new construction or
11  significant expansion of hydropower dams; and (2) produces
12  renewable energy credits that are eligible to be counted
13  toward the renewable energy requirements in subsection (c) of
14  Section 1-75 of the Illinois Power Agency Act.
15  "Qualifying hydrogen" means hydrogen that (i) receives
16  100% of the tax credit available under 26 U.S.C. 45V and (ii)
17  meets the requirements of Section 27 of this Act. If any of the
18  requirements of 26 U.S.C. 45v conflict with any of the
19  requirements of Section 27, then the relevant requirement of
20  Section 27 shall govern for purposes of determining
21  eligibility for the allowable credit established under this
22  Act.
23  "Regional grid" means the territory served by a specific
24  regional transmission organization.
25  "Regional transmission organization" means PJM
26  Interconnection, LLC; Midcontinent Independent System

 

 

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1  Operator; or any other entity charged with regional real-time
2  balancing of electricity generation and load.
3  "Zero-emission facility" has the same meaning as provided
4  in Section 1-10 of the Illinois Power Agency Act as that Act
5  exists on the effective date of this Act.
6  Section 15. Allowable credit.
7  (a) For tax years ending on or after December 31, 2027 and
8  beginning before January 1, 2029, a credit is allowed against
9  the taxes imposed on an eligible taxpayer under subsections
10  (a) and (b) of Section 201 of the Illinois Income Tax Act in an
11  amount equal to $1 per kilogram of eligible qualifying
12  hydrogen used by the eligible taxpayer during the immediately
13  preceding calendar year. If the use of the qualifying hydrogen
14  by a taxpayer occurs in or impacts one or more equity
15  investment eligible communities, then, to be eligible for this
16  credit, the taxpayer must submit to the Department and make
17  publicly available documentation that demonstrates that the
18  use has led to a net reduction of negative environmental
19  impacts in each impacted equity investment eligible community
20  and demonstrates that all application requirements detailed in
21  this Act, including those in subsection (c), have been met for
22  the year in which the credit is sought. Those impacts shall
23  include direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts, including,
24  but not limited to, impacts from using, transporting, and
25  storing qualifying hydrogen, and impacts to air, water,

 

 

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1  traffic, noise, and public health. This documentation must be
2  specific, quantifiable, measurable, and verifiable. Continued
3  receipt of tax credits is contingent upon the taxpayer making
4  this demonstration each year. Failure to demonstrate a
5  reduction of negative environmental impacts in each impacted
6  equity investment eligible community shall result in the
7  denial or forfeiture of tax credits.
8  (b) The allowable credit provided in subsection (a) of
9  this Section shall be increased by $0.15 per kilogram of
10  eligible qualifying hydrogen for eligible qualifying hydrogen
11  use impacting one or more equity investment eligible
12  communities if an eligible taxpayer specifically,
13  quantifiably, and verifiably demonstrates that the eligible
14  qualifying hydrogen use satisfies both of the following
15  criteria for the preceding tax year:
16  (1) The eligible taxpayer's project workforce meets
17  the minimum equity standards for equity eligible persons
18  and equity eligible contractors determined by the Illinois
19  Power Agency pursuant to subsection (c-10) of Section 1-75
20  of the Illinois Power Agency Act. This requirement shall
21  apply to both construction employment and ongoing
22  employment in areas such as, but not limited to,
23  operations, production, and maintenance.
24  (2) At least 40% of the total benefits provided by the
25  use are received by the equity investment eligible
26  communities impacted by the eligible qualifying hydrogen

 

 

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1  use. Benefits to be considered shall include, but are not
2  limited to: a decrease in the percentage of household
3  income spent on energy costs; a decrease in environmental
4  exposures and burdens; an increase in access to low-cost
5  capital; an increase in employment and job training for
6  residents; an increase in clean energy enterprise creation
7  and contracting; increases in community energy ownership;
8  increased parity in clean energy technology and adoption;
9  and an increase in energy resilience. As used in this item
10  (2), "energy resilience" means the ability to operate
11  energy services in response to a major disruption.
12  Employment and contracting benefits provided pursuant to
13  paragraph (1) shall count toward this 40% requirement.
14  (c) The Department shall develop an application process
15  for tax credits under this Section that provides meaningful,
16  timely, and effective public notice of a tax credit
17  application to members of impacted communities, accounting for
18  linguistic needs and other relevant characteristics, and
19  provides meaningful opportunity for public comment on any tax
20  credit application. The public notice and tax credit
21  application shall be translated into non-English languages in
22  impacted communities where a language other than English is
23  widely spoken. The notice must, at a minimum, include all of
24  the following: the name of the applicant, the location of the
25  use, a brief description of the use and its impacts, and a link
26  to a website where the application and more detailed

 

 

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1  information on the use and its impacts can be found. The notice
2  shall be written at a third or fourth grade reading level to
3  ensure ease of understanding for all members of the public.
4  The opportunity for public comment must, at a minimum, include
5  a public meeting held in a location within an impacted equity
6  investment community and easily accessible to residents of
7  other impacted equity investment eligible communities. Such
8  public meeting shall be held not less than 30 days after public
9  notice is provided and not less than 30 days before a decision
10  is made on the application. The Department shall consider
11  comments received when determining whether the requirements of
12  this Section have been met. Applications, supporting
13  materials, and comments submitted with respect to applications
14  shall be maintained on the Department website in a publicly
15  accessible manner.
16  (d) An eligible taxpayer may not earn tax credits for a tax
17  year for eligible qualifying hydrogen use in an amount that
18  exceeds the amount of tax credit allocated to it for the tax
19  year under Section 25. If the amount of the credit exceeds the
20  tax liability for the year, the excess may be carried forward
21  and applied to the tax liability of the 5 taxable years
22  following the excess credit year. The credit shall be applied
23  to the earliest year for which there is a tax liability. If
24  there are credits from more than one tax year that are
25  available to offset a liability, the earlier credit shall be
26  applied first. In no event shall a credit under this Section

 

 

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1  reduce the taxpayer's liability to less than zero.
2  (e) Labor performed on or after the effective date of this
3  Act to convert the eligible taxpayer's existing equipment or
4  to install new equipment for the eligible taxpayer to enable
5  eligible qualifying hydrogen use for which a credit is claimed
6  under this Act shall be performed by general contractors that
7  enter into a project labor agreement, as defined by the
8  Illinois Power Agency Act, prior to construction. The project
9  labor agreement shall be filed with the Department.
10  (f) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary,
11  any eligible taxpayer receiving tax credits under this Act
12  shall be required to enter into a labor peace agreement with
13  any bona fide labor organization that represents or is
14  attempting to represent any of its employees.
15  Section 20. Credit availability; applications.
16  (a) The total amount of tax credits that may be allocated
17  by the Department to taxpayers for eligible qualifying
18  hydrogen use occurring in a calendar year shall not exceed
19  $10,000,000 per year, plus the amount of tax credits that were
20  available under this Section to be allocated for eligible
21  qualifying hydrogen use in the immediately preceding calendar
22  year but were not allocated.
23  (b) In order to qualify for a tax credit under this Act,
24  the applicant must apply with the Department on a form
25  prescribed by the Department by rule. The application shall

 

 

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1  contain information necessary to calculate the tax credit and
2  any additional information required by the Department.
3  (c) Upon satisfactory review of the application, the
4  Department shall issue a tax credit certificate to the
5  applicant stating the amount of the tax credit to which the
6  applicant is entitled. The certificate shall be attached to
7  the applicant's income tax return under the Illinois Income
8  Tax Act.
9  Section 25. Credit allocation by the Department.
10  (a) As part of its application under Section 20, the
11  taxpayer shall certify to the Department the amount of
12  eligible qualifying hydrogen, in kilograms, used during the
13  immediately preceding calendar year for which the application
14  is filed.
15  (b) The Department shall notify each taxpayer of the
16  dollar amount of credit allocated to that taxpayer under this
17  Act. The taxpayer must notify the Department within 30 days
18  after the notification by the Department under this subsection
19  (b) if it wishes to surrender its allocation.
20  (c) In each State fiscal year for which tax credits are
21  available pursuant to this Act, the Department shall not
22  allocate more than 10% of the total amount of tax credits
23  available under this Act to the use of qualifying hydrogen for
24  electricity generation that uses direct gas combustion.
25  (d) Subject to the limitations of this Section and

 

 

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1  Sections 20 and 30, the amount of the credit allocated to a
2  taxpayer by the Department in subsection (b) of this Section
3  shall be the maximum credit that the taxpayer is permitted to
4  earn for the calendar year.
5  (e) Allocations may not be rolled forward to a subsequent
6  year.
7  Section 27. Attestation and verification required.
8  (a) Each taxpayer seeking credits under this Act shall
9  submit with its application for credits under this Act an
10  attestation from the producer, made under penalty of perjury.
11  The attestation shall also confirm that the hydrogen for which
12  a tax credit is claimed has not been produced during an
13  applicable PJM performance assessment interval or an
14  applicable MISO maximum generation event. Each taxpayer
15  seeking credits under this Act shall also be required to
16  submit to the Department, at the time of the tax filing for the
17  applicable year, documentation verifying the facts set forth
18  in the attestation required by this Section.
19  (b) Each taxpayer seeking credits under this Act shall
20  submit with its application for credits under this Act
21  documentation verifiably demonstrating that the hydrogen use
22  or uses for which the tax credit is sought was entirely used
23  for an eligible qualifying hydrogen use, as defined in Section
24  10 of this Act.
25  (c) Each taxpayer seeking credits under this Act shall

 

 

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1  submit with its application for credits under this Act
2  verifiable documentation of the following information, to be
3  provided to the taxpayer by the producer:
4  (i) the type of power generation used to produce the
5  qualifying hydrogen during each hour that the qualifying
6  hydrogen was produced, if this information is available;
7  (ii) the year or years in which the power generation
8  source or sources identified in item (i) went into
9  operation;
10  (iii) if the power generation identified in item (i)
11  would have been curtailed or otherwise would not have
12  occurred but for the production of qualifying hydrogen, to
13  the extent determined by PJM, MISO, or another grid
14  operator; and
15  (iv) to the extent available, the marginal emissions
16  intensity of the regional grid in the same location where
17  the qualifying hydrogen was produced during each hour that
18  the qualifying hydrogen was produced, as determined by the
19  marginal fuel type reported by PJM, MISO, or another grid
20  operator, as appropriate, and an average emissions
21  intensity for that fuel.
22  Section 30. Prioritization of tax credit allocation. If
23  the total amount of tax credits sought by taxpayers under
24  Section 25 exceeds the total amount of tax credits that are
25  allowed to be allocated under Section 20, the Department shall

 

 

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1  prioritize allocation as follows:
2  (1) Up to 90% of the tax credits shall be allocated to
3  the following eligible taxpayers in proportion to their
4  requested allocation up to their requested allocation:
5  (A) taxpayers who participate in a United States
6  Department of Energy Hydrogen Hub for their associated
7  eligible qualifying hydrogen use;
8  (B) taxpayers who purchase hydrogen from a
9  participant in a United States Department of Energy
10  Hydrogen Hub for their associated qualifying hydrogen
11  use; or
12  (C) taxpayers who purchase electricity to produce
13  and use qualifying hydrogen from a participant in a
14  United States Department of Energy Hydrogen Hub for
15  their associated eligible qualifying hydrogen use.
16  (2) Next, any remaining credits shall be allocated to
17  eligible taxpayers who do not qualify under paragraph (1);
18  however, if there are insufficient remaining credits
19  available to make the allocations under this paragraph
20  (2), then the remaining credits shall be allocated in
21  proportion to the requested allocation up to the eligible
22  taxpayer's requested allocation.
23  (3) Next, any remaining credits shall be allocated to
24  taxpayers in proportion to their requested allocation, up
25  to their requested allocation, excluding any amount
26  already allocated to a taxpayer pursuant to subsections

 

 

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1  (1) and (2) of this Section.
2  (4) Finally, any remaining credits shall be allocated
3  to taxpayers receiving an allocation pursuant to
4  subsection (1) in proportion to their requested
5  allocation, such that the allocation provided under
6  subsection (1) and subsection (4) combined does not exceed
7  their requested allocation.
8  Section 35. Transfer of credits. A transfer of credits
9  earned under this Act may be made, in accordance with rules
10  adopted by the Department, by the taxpayer earning the credits
11  within one year after the credits are awarded. The Department
12  shall issue a certificate of transfer to each transferor and
13  transferee, identifying the amount of the credit transferred.
14  The transfer certificate shall be attached to the transferor's
15  and transferee's income tax return under the Illinois Income
16  Tax Act.
17  Section 36. Analysis of hydrogen production and
18  utilization.
19  (a) No later than April 1, 2028, the Illinois
20  Environmental Protection Agency, in consultation with the
21  Department, the Illinois Power Agency, the Illinois Commerce
22  Commission, and other State agencies, as needed, shall publish
23  a report analyzing the greenhouse gas and copollutant
24  emissions impacts of hydrogen production and utilization in

 

 

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1  the State from January 1, 2026 through December 31, 2027. The
2  report shall separately measure each of the following:
3  (1) life-cycle greenhouse gas and copollutant emission
4  impacts of producing qualifying hydrogen;
5  (2) life-cycle greenhouse gas and copollutant emission
6  impacts of eligible qualifying hydrogen use for which an
7  eligible taxpayer receives a credit under this Act;
8  (3) any greenhouse gas and copollutant emissions
9  avoided by eligible use of qualifying hydrogen, such as by
10  displacing diesel in long-haul, heavy-duty trucking and
11  displacing hydrogen created using fossil fuel feedstock or
12  through electrolysis powered by fossil-fuel generated
13  electricity, where avoidance can be determined with
14  reasonable certainty; and
15  (4) economic activity and jobs attributable to
16  investments in qualifying hydrogen production and eligible
17  qualifying hydrogen use in the State across sectors.
18  The report shall also include the following separate
19  provisions:
20  (1) an analysis of opportunities to increase the
21  production of qualifying hydrogen from electrolysis that
22  is powered entirely by electricity generated from
23  qualified renewable energy resources in the State;
24  (2) a comparison of the cost of qualifying hydrogen to
25  the cost of hydrogen produced from fossil fuels;
26  (3) an analysis of whether energy sources other than

 

 

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1  hydrogen are available alternatives for qualified uses,
2  and if so, whether those alternatives would achieve
3  greater emissions reductions, economic savings, or both;
4  (4) an analysis of the efficacy of this tax credit at
5  incentivizing the transition of industries with eligible
6  uses to use clean hydrogen as a means of decarbonization;
7  (5) an analysis of Illinois' competitiveness in the
8  clean hydrogen economy relative to other states; this
9  analysis shall include, but not be limited to, a review of
10  the Department of Energy's Hydrogen Hub awards, other
11  states' incentives for clean hydrogen, the amount of
12  eligible use of clean hydrogen in Illinois relative to
13  other states, and the amount of production of clean
14  hydrogen in Illinois relative to other states; this
15  analysis should also recommend policy changes the State
16  can make to be more competitive with other states in the
17  clean hydrogen economy to the extent that such
18  competitiveness is consistent with the State's emissions
19  reductions goals and is economically beneficial;
20  (6) an analysis of areas where clean hydrogen use,
21  clean energy use, or both can increase emissions
22  reduction, and policy measures the State can take to
23  incentivize those uses, including, but not limited to, an
24  extension of this tax credit and changes to the total
25  annual amount of this tax credit; and
26  (7) an analysis of the expected arc of production,

 

 

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1  relative costs of different methods of hydrogen
2  production, relative costs and emissions reductions
3  benefits of clean energy produced by other methods,
4  including renewables, for eligible and other uses to help
5  right-size the total tax credit amount.
6  The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency may consider
7  application and attestation information provided by eligible
8  taxpayers pursuant to this Act and any other data it deems
9  relevant.
10  Data relied upon for the report and methods of measurement
11  shall be identified in the report and be made publicly
12  available in easily accessible, machine-readable format.
13  The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency shall
14  determine and state in its report the impact of the production
15  of qualifying hydrogen and eligible qualifying hydrogen uses
16  receiving a tax credit pursuant to this Act on greenhouse gas
17  and copollutant emissions.
18  (b) A draft of the report shall be made available for
19  public comment no less than 30 days prior to its final
20  publication. The final report and comments received shall be
21  made publicly available in both English and Spanish, and
22  copies of the final report shall be filed with the General
23  Assembly and the Governor.
24  Section 37. Rules. The Department may adopt rules to
25  implement and administer this Act.

 

 

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1  Section 40. Severability. If any provision of this Act or
2  its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid,
3  the invalidity of that provision or application does not
4  affect other provisions or applications of this Act that can
5  be given effect without the invalid provision or application.
6  Section 900. The Illinois Income Tax Act is amended by
7  adding Section 240 as follows:
8  (35 ILCS 5/240 new)
9  Sec. 240. Hydrogen fuel replacement tax credits.
10  (a) For tax years ending on or after December 31, 2027 and
11  beginning before January 1, 2029, an eligible taxpayer who
12  qualifies for a credit under the Hydrogen Fuel Replacement Tax
13  Credit Act is entitled to a credit against the taxes imposed
14  under subsections (a) and (b) of Section 201 of this Act as
15  provided in that Act. If the eligible taxpayer is a
16  partnership or Subchapter S corporation, the credit shall be
17  allowed to the partners or shareholders in accordance with the
18  determination of income and distributive share of income under
19  Sections 702 and 704 and Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue
20  Code.
21  (b) If the amount of the credit exceeds the tax liability
22  for the year, the excess may be carried forward and applied to
23  the tax liability of the 5 taxable years following the excess

 

 

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1  credit year. The credit shall be applied to the earliest year
2  for which there is a tax liability. If there are credits from
3  more than one tax year that are available to offset a
4  liability, the earlier credit shall be applied first. In no
5  event shall a credit under this Section reduce the taxpayer's
6  liability to less than zero.
7  (c) A sale, assignment, or transfer of the tax credit may
8  be made by the taxpayer earning the credit within one year
9  after the credit is awarded in accordance with rules adopted
10  by the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity.
11  (d) A person claiming the credit allowed under this
12  Section shall attach to its Illinois income tax return a copy
13  of the tax credit certificate or the transfer certificate
14  issued by the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity.
15  Section 999. Effective date. This Act takes effect upon
16  becoming law.

 

 

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