Session of 2025 HOUSE BILL No. 2337 By Committee on Financial Institutions and Pensions Requested by Robert Jacobs on behalf of the Kansas Bureau of Investigation 2-7 AN ACT concerning money transmission; imposing a fee on each international transaction by a money transmitter by wire; establishing an income tax credit for fees paid; allowing the state bank commissioner to assess penalties for the nonpayment of such fees; providing for the distribution of such fee and penalty moneys; establishing the criminal litigation fund, wire transfer fee fund and prosecutor and law enforcement grant fund; creating a misdemeanor crime of unlawful transmission of a wire transfer and providing criminal penalties therefor; amending K.S.A. 2024 Supp. 9-555 and 75- 5133 and repealing the existing sections. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas: New Section 1. (a) Any money transmitter by wire, as defined in K.S.A. 2024 Supp. 9-555, and amendments thereto, shall collect a fee of $7.50 for each international transaction of $500 or less, or an amount equal to 1.5% of any international transaction in excess of $500. A receipt for such fee shall be issued to the customer. (b) Any such money transmitter by wire shall file monthly reports and returns with the director of taxation electronically at such times, in such form and with such information, including records of all international transaction receipts, as required by the director of taxation. The money transmitter by wire, at the time of filing such monthly return, shall pay by electronic fund transfer to the director of taxation the amount of fees collected as provided by this section. Such return and payment of fees shall be due on or before the 25 th day of each month following the monthly reporting period of the return. (c) The secretary of revenue: (1) Shall notify the state bank commissioner of any money transmitter by wire that has not filed a monthly report for more than 60 days; (2) may, upon request of the commissioner, assist in conducting audits and the seeking of legal remedies to ensure compliance with this section; (3) may request the commissioner to make a claim against the surety bond of the money transmitter by wire for unpaid fees, interest and fines on behalf of the state; and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 HB 2337 2 (4) may adopt rules and regulations necessary to administer the provisions of subsections (a) through (c). (d) The commissioner may: (1) Assess penalties equal to the amount of fees owed for nonpayment of fees as provided in this section; (2) make a claim against the surety bond of the licensee for unpaid fees, interest and fines on behalf of the state upon the request of the director of taxation; and (3) adopt rules and regulations necessary to administer the provisions of this subsection. (e) (1) All money transmitter by wire fee moneys collected by the director of taxation and all penalties assessed by the commissioner pursuant to this section shall be remitted to the state treasurer on July 15, 2026, and each July 15, thereafter. Upon receipt of each such remittance, the state treasurer shall deposit the entire amount in the state treasury and shall credit to the state general fund an amount equal to the amount of tax credits allowed under section 5, and amendments thereto, for the immediately preceding tax year, as certified by the director of taxation. The balance of such fee and penalty moneys shall be credited as follows: (A) 30% to the criminal litigation fund established in section 2, and amendments thereto; (B) 45% to the wire transfer fee fund established in section 3, and amendments thereto; and (C) 25% to the prosecutor and law enforcement grant fund established in section 4, and amendments thereto. (2) At the same time that the director of taxation transmits certification to the state treasurer, the director of taxation shall transmit a copy of each such certification to the director of the budget and the director of legislative research. (f) The provisions of K.S.A. 79-3609, 79-3610, 79-3611, 79-3612, 79-3615, 79-3617 and 79-3643, and amendments thereto, shall apply to the administration and enforcement of the fee authorized by this section. New Sec. 2. There is hereby established in the state treasury the criminal litigation fund. The criminal litigation fund shall be administered by the attorney general. All expenditures from such fund shall be for the costs of investigating and prosecuting criminal cases. No expenditures shall be made from such fund for the activities of the medicaid fraud and abuse division created by K.S.A. 75-725, and amendments thereto. All expenditures from such fund shall be made in accordance with appropriation acts upon warrants of the director of accounts and reports issued pursuant to vouchers approved by the attorney general or the attorney general's designee. New Sec. 3. There is hereby established in the state treasury the wire 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 3 transfer fee fund. The wire transfer fee fund shall be administered by the director of the Kansas bureau of investigation. All expenditures from such fund shall be for complex drug and white-collar criminal investigations. All expenditures from such fund shall be made in accordance with appropriation acts upon warrants of the director of accounts and reports issued pursuant to vouchers approved by the director of the Kansas bureau of investigation or the director's designee. New Sec. 4. (a) There is hereby established in the state treasury the prosecutor and law enforcement grant fund. The prosecutor and law enforcement grant fund shall be administered by the Kansas criminal justice coordinating council established by K.S.A. 74-9501, and amendments thereto. All moneys credited to such fund shall be for the purpose of awarding grants to county attorneys or district attorneys or local law enforcement agencies in accordance with the standards and statewide strategic plan adopted for the federal Edward Byrne memorial justice assistance grant program. All expenditures from such fund shall be made in accordance with appropriation acts upon warrants of the director of accounts and reports issued pursuant to vouchers approved by the chairperson of the Kansas criminal justice coordinating council or the chairperson's designee. (b) Any law enforcement agency that has a policy of refusing or failing to coordinate with federal immigration authorities or refuses to honor an immigration detainer to the best of their ability shall be ineligible for any distribution of funds from the prosecutor and law enforcement grant fund. The attorney general shall identify, on an annual basis, to the Kansas criminal justice coordinating council any agency that is ineligible for funds pursuant to this subsection. New Sec. 5. (a) For taxable years commencing after December 31, 2023, there shall be allowed a credit against the tax imposed by the Kansas income tax act and the privilege tax pursuant to K.S.A. 79-1106 et seq., and amendments thereto, an amount equal to the amount of any fees paid pursuant to the provisions of section 1, and amendments thereto, during the tax year. (b) The credit allowed by this section shall not exceed the amount of tax imposed under the Kansas income tax act or the privilege tax reduced by the sum of any other credits allowable pursuant to law. If the amount of such tax credit exceeds the taxpayer's income or privilege tax liability for such tax year, the taxpayer may carry over the amount that exceeds such tax liability for deduction from the taxpayer's liability in the next succeeding tax year or years until the total amount of the tax credit has been deducted from tax liability, except that no such tax credit shall be carried over for deduction after the 5 th tax year succeeding the tax year in which the expenditures were incurred. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 4 New Sec. 6. (a) Unlawful transmission of a wire transfer is any of the following when done by a person who is not a United States citizen or an alien who is lawfully present in the United States: (1) Sending or receiving a wire transfer; (2) depositing money in a financial institution for the purpose of sending a wire transfer; or (3) withdrawing the proceeds of a wire transfer. (b) Unlawful transmission of a wire transfer is a class C nonperson misdemeanor. (c) This section shall be a part of and supplemental to the Kansas criminal code. Sec. 7. K.S.A. 2024 Supp. 9-555 is hereby amended to read as follows: 9-555. (a) K.S.A. 2024 Supp. 9-555 through 9-596, and amendments thereto, shall be known and may be cited as the Kansas money transmission act. (b) As used in the Kansas money transmission act: (1) "Act" means the Kansas money transmission act. (2) "Acting in concert" means persons knowingly acting together with a common goal of jointly acquiring control of a licensee whether or not pursuant to an express agreement. (3) "Authorized delegate" means a person designated by a licensee to engage in money transmission on behalf of the licensee. (4) "Average daily money transmission liability" means the amount of the licensee's outstanding money transmission obligations in Kansas at the end of each day in a given period of time added together and divided by the total number of days in the given period of time. For any licensee required to calculate "average daily money transmission liability" pursuant to this act, the given period of time shall be the calendar quarters ending March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31. (5) "Closed loop stored value" means stored value that is redeemable by the issuer only for goods or services provided by the issuer or the issuer's affiliates or franchisees of the issuer or the franchisees's affiliates, except to the extent required by applicable law to be redeemable in cash for its cash value. (6) "Commissioner" means the state bank commissioner, or a person designated by the state bank commissioner to enforce this act. (7) "Control" means the power to: (A) Vote directly or indirectly at least 25% of the outstanding voting shares or voting interests of a licensee or person in control of a licensee; (B) elect or appoint a majority of key individuals or executive officers, managers, directors, trustees or other persons exercising managerial authority of a person in control of a licensee; or (C) exercise, directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 5 management or policies of a licensee or person in control of a licensee. (8) "Eligible rating" means a credit rating from any of the three highest rating categories provided by an eligible rating service. Each rating category may include rating category modifiers such as plus or minus for Standard & Poor or the equivalent for any other eligible rating service. "Eligible rating" shall be determined as follows: (A) Long-term credit ratings shall be deemed eligible if the rating is equal to A- or higher by Standard & Poor or the equivalent from any other eligible rating service. (B) Short-term credit ratings are deemed eligible if the rating is equal to or higher than A-2 or SP-2 by Standard & Poor or the equivalent from any other eligible rating service. If ratings differ among eligible rating services, the highest rating shall apply when determining whether a security bears an eligible rating. (9) "Eligible rating service" means any nationally recognized statistical rating organization that has been registered by the securities and exchange commission or any organization designated by the commissioner through order or rules and regulations as an eligible rating service. (10) "Federally insured depository financial institution" means a bank, credit union, savings and loan association, trust company, savings association, savings bank, industrial bank or industrial loan company organized under the laws of the United States or any state of the United States, when such bank, credit union, savings and loan association, trust company, savings association, savings bank, industrial bank or industrial loan company has federally insured deposits. (11) "In Kansas" means the: (A) Physical location of a person who is requesting a transaction in person in the state of Kansas; or (B) person's residential address or the principal place of business for a person requesting a transaction electronically or by telephone if such residential address or principal place of business is in the state of Kansas. (12) "Individual" means a natural person. (13) "Key individual" means any individual ultimately responsible for establishing or directing policies and procedures of the licensee, including, but not limited to, an executive officer, manager, director or trustee. (14) "Licensee" means a person licensed under this act. (15) "Material litigation" means litigation, that according to United States generally accepted accounting principles, is significant to a person's financial health and would be a required disclosure in the person's annual audited financial statements, report to shareholders or similar records. (16) "Money" means a medium of exchange that is authorized or adopted by the United States or a foreign government. "Money" includes a monetary unit of account established by an intergovernmental organization 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 6 or by agreement between two or more governments. (17) "Monetary value" means a medium of exchange, whether or not redeemable in money. (18) (A) "Money transmission" means any of the following: (i) Selling or issuing payment instruments to a person located in Kansas; (ii) selling or issuing stored value to a person located in Kansas; (iii) receiving money for transmission from a person located in Kansas; or (iv) payroll processing services. (B) "Money transmission" does not include the provision of solely online or telecommunications services or network access. (19) "Money service business accredited state" means a state agency that is accredited by the conference of state bank supervisors and money transmitter regulators association for money transmission licensing and supervision. (20) "Money transmitter by wire" means any person receiving payment for the service of sending or receiving money from another location or person. "Money transmitter by wire" does not include: (A) The United States government or a department, agency or instrumentality thereof; (B) money transmission by the United States postal service or by a contractor on behalf of the United States postal service; (C) a state, county, city or any other governmental agency or political subdivision of a state; (D) electronic funds transfer of governmental benefits for a federal, state, county or governmental agency by a contractor on behalf of the United States government or a department, agency or instrumentality thereof, a state or governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof; (E) a board of trade designated as a contract market under the federal commodity exchange act or a person that, in the ordinary course of business, provides clearance and settlement services for a board of trade to the extent of such person's operation as or for such a board of trade; (F) a registered futures commission merchant under the federal commodities law to the extent of its operation as such merchant; (G) a person that provides clearance or settlement services pursuant to a registration as a clearing agency or an exemption from such registration granted under federal securities law to the extent of such person's operation as a provider; (H) an operator of a payment system to the extent that such operator provides processing, clearing or settlement services, between or among 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 7 persons excluded by this subsection, in connection with wire transfers, credit card transactions, debit card transactions, stored-value transactions, automated clearing house transfers or similar funds transfers; (I) a person registered as a securities broker-dealer under federal or state securities law to the extent of such person's operation as a broker- dealer; or (J) a federally insured depository financial institution. (20)(21) "Multistate licensing process" means any agreement entered into by state regulators relating to coordinated processing of applications for money transmission licenses, applications for the acquisition of control of a licensee, control determinations or notice and information requirements for a change of key individuals. (21)(22) "Nationwide multistate licensing system and registry" means a licensing system developed by the conference of state bank supervisors and the American association of residential mortgage regulators and owned and operated by the state regulatory registry, limited liability company or any successor or affiliated entity for the licensing and registration of persons in financial services industries. (22)(23) (A) "Outstanding money transmission obligation" means: (i) Any payment instrument or stored value issued or sold by the licensee to a person located in the United States or reported as sold by an authorized delegate of the licensee to a person that is located in the United States that has not yet been paid or refunded by or for the licensee or escheated in accordance with applicable abandoned property laws; or (ii) any money received for transmission by the licensee or an authorized delegate in the United States from a person located in the United States that has not been received by the payee or refunded to the sender or escheated in accordance with applicable abandoned property laws. (B) "In the United States" includes a person in any state, territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the commonwealth of Puerto Rico or a United States military installation that is located in a foreign country. (23)(24) "Passive investor" means a person that: (A) Does not have the power to elect a majority of key individuals or executive officers, managers, directors, trustees or other persons exercising managerial authority of a person in control of a licensee; (B) is not employed by and does not have any managerial duties of the licensee or person in control of a licensee; or (C) does not have the power to exercise, directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the management or policies of a licensee or person in control of a licensee; and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 8 (D) (i) Either attests to subparagraphs (A), (B) and (C) in a form and in a manner prescribed by the commissioner; or (ii) commits to the passivity characteristics of subparagraphs (A), (B) and (C) in a written document. (24)(25) (A) "Payment instrument" means a written or electronic check, draft, money order, traveler's check or other written or electronic instrument for the transmission or payment of money or monetary value, regardless of negotiability. (B) "Payment instrument" does not include stored value or any instrument that is: (i) Redeemable by the issuer only for goods or services provided by the issuer or the issuer's affiliate or franchisees of the issuer or the franchisees' affiliate, except to the extent required by applicable law to be redeemable in cash for its cash value; or (ii) not sold to the public but issued and distributed as part of a loyalty, rewards or promotional program. (25)(26) "Payroll processing services" means the receipt of money for transmission pursuant to a contract with a person to deliver wages or salaries, make payment of payroll taxes to state and federal agencies, make payments relating to employee benefit plans or make distributions of other authorized deductions from wages or salaries. "Payroll processing services" does not include an employer performing payroll processing services on the employer's own behalf or on behalf of an affiliate. (26)(27) "Person" means any individual, general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, corporation, trust, association, joint stock corporation or other corporate entity identified or recognized by the commissioner. (27)(28) "Receiving money for transmission" or "money received for transmission" means the receipt of money or monetary value in the United States for transmission within or outside the United States by electronic or other means. (28)(29) "Stored value" means monetary value representing a claim against the issuer evidenced by an electronic or digital record and that is intended and accepted for use as a means of redemption for money or monetary value or payment for goods or services. "Stored value" includes, but is not limited to, prepaid access as defined by 31 C.F.R. § 1010.100. "Stored value" does not include a payment instrument or closed loop stored value or stored value not sold to the public but issued and distributed as part of a loyalty, rewards or promotional program. (29)(30) "Tangible net worth" means the aggregate assets of a licensee excluding all intangible assets, less liabilities, as determined in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. (c) This section shall take effect on and after January 1, 2025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 9 Sec. 8. K.S.A. 2024 Supp. 75-5133 is hereby amended to read as follows: 75-5133. (a) Except as otherwise more specifically provided by law, all information received by the secretary of revenue, the director of taxation or the director of alcoholic beverage control from returns, reports, license applications or registration documents made or filed under the provisions of any law imposing any sales, use or other excise tax administered by the secretary of revenue, the director of taxation, or the director of alcoholic beverage control, or from any investigation conducted under such provisions, shall be confidential, and it shall be unlawful for any officer or employee of the department of revenue to divulge any such information except in accordance with other provisions of law respecting the enforcement and collection of such tax, in accordance with proper judicial order or as provided in K.S.A. 74-2424, and amendments thereto. (b) The secretary of revenue or the secretary's designee may: (1) Publish statistics, so classified as to prevent identification of particular reports or returns and the items thereof; (2) allow the inspection of returns by the attorney general or the attorney general's designee; (3) provide the post auditor access to all such excise tax reports or returns in accordance with and subject to the provisions of K.S.A. 46- 1106(e), and amendments thereto; (4) disclose taxpayer information from excise tax returns to persons or entities contracting with the secretary of revenue where the secretary has determined disclosure of such information is essential for completion of the contract and has taken appropriate steps to preserve confidentiality; (5) provide information from returns and reports filed under article 42 of chapter 79 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated, and amendments thereto, to county appraisers as is necessary to ensure proper valuations of property. Information from such returns and reports may also be exchanged with any other state agency administering and collecting conservation or other taxes and fees imposed on or measured by mineral production; (6) provide, upon request by a city or county clerk or treasurer or finance officer of any city or county receiving distributions from a local excise tax, monthly reports identifying each retailer doing business in such city or county or making taxable sales sourced to such city or county, setting forth the tax liability and the amount of such tax remitted by each retailer during the preceding month, and identifying each business location maintained by the retailer and such retailer's sales or use tax registration or account number; (7) provide information from returns and applications for registration filed pursuant to K.S.A. 12-187, and amendments thereto, and K.S.A. 79- 3601, and amendments thereto, to a city or county treasurer or clerk or 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 10 finance officer to explain the basis of statistics contained in reports provided by subsection (b)(6); (8) disclose the following oil and gas production statistics received by the department of revenue in accordance with K.S.A. 79-4216 et seq., and amendments thereto: Volumes of production by well name, well number, operator's name and identification number assigned by the state corporation commission, lease name, leasehold property description, county of production or zone of production, name of purchaser and purchaser's tax identification number assigned by the department of revenue, name of transporter, field code number or lease code, tax period, exempt production volumes by well name or lease, or any combination of this information; (9) release or publish liquor brand registration information provided by suppliers, farm wineries, microdistilleries and microbreweries in accordance with the liquor control act. The information to be released is limited to: Item number, universal numeric code, type status, product description, alcohol percentage, selling units, unit size, unit of measurement, supplier number, supplier name, distributor number and distributor name; (10) release or publish liquor license information provided by liquor licensees, distributors, suppliers, farm wineries, microdistilleries and microbreweries in accordance with the liquor control act. The information to be released is limited to: County name, owner, business name, address, license type, license number, license expiration date and the process agent contact information; (11) release or publish cigarette and tobacco license information obtained from cigarette and tobacco licensees in accordance with the Kansas cigarette and tobacco products act. The information to be released is limited to: County name, owner, business name, address, license type and license number; (12) provide environmental surcharge or solvent fee, or both, information from returns and applications for registration filed pursuant to K.S.A. 65-34,150 and 65-34,151, and amendments thereto, to the secretary of health and environment or the secretary's designee for the sole purpose of ensuring that retailers collect the environmental surcharge tax or solvent fee, or both; (13) provide water protection fee information from returns and applications for registration filed pursuant to K.S.A. 82a-954, and amendments thereto, to the secretary of the state board of agriculture or the secretary's designee and the secretary of the Kansas water office or the secretary's designee for the sole purpose of verifying revenues deposited to the state water plan fund; (14) provide to the secretary of commerce copies of applications for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 11 project exemption certificates sought by any taxpayer under the enterprise zone sales tax exemption pursuant to K.S.A. 79-3606(cc), and amendments thereto; (15) disclose information received pursuant to the Kansas cigarette and tobacco act and subject to the confidentiality provisions of this act to any criminal justice agency, as defined in K.S.A. 22-4701(c), and amendments thereto, or to any law enforcement officer, as defined in K.S.A. 21-5111, and amendments thereto, on behalf of a criminal justice agency, when requested in writing in conjunction with a pending investigation; (16) provide to retailers tax exemption information for the sole purpose of verifying the authenticity of tax exemption numbers issued by the department; (17) provide information concerning remittance by sellers, as defined in K.S.A. 12-5363, and amendments thereto, of prepaid wireless 911 fees from returns to the local collection point administrator, as defined in K.S.A. 12-5363, and amendments thereto, for purposes of verifying seller compliance with collection and remittance of such fees; (18) release or publish charitable gaming information obtained in charitable gaming licensee and registration applications and renewals in accordance with the Kansas charitable gaming act, K.S.A. 75-5171 et seq., and amendments thereto. The information to be released is limited to: The name, address, phone number, license registration number and email address of the organization, distributor or of premises; (19) provide to the attorney general confidential information for purposes of determining compliance with or enforcing K.S.A. 50-6a01 et seq., and amendments thereto, the master settlement agreement referred to therein and all agreements regarding disputes under the master settlement agreement. The secretary and the attorney general may share the information specified under this subsection with any of the following: (A) Federal, state or local agencies for the purposes of enforcement of corresponding laws of other states; and (B) a court, arbitrator, data clearinghouse or similar entity for the purpose of assessing compliance with or making calculations required by the master settlement agreement or agreements regarding disputes under the master settlement agreement, and with counsel for the parties or expert witnesses in any such proceeding, if the information otherwise remains confidential; and (20) disclose taxpayer information that is received from income tax returns to the department of commerce that may be disclosed pursuant to the provisions of K.S.A. 2024 Supp. 74-50,227, and amendments thereto, for the purpose of including such information in the database required by K.S.A. 2024 Supp. 74-50,227, and amendments thereto; and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 HB 2337 12 (21) provide information concerning a money transmitter by wire to the state bank commissioner for the purposes of section 1, and amendments thereto. (c) Any person receiving any information under the provisions of subsection (b) shall be subject to the confidentiality provisions of subsection (a) and to the penalty provisions of subsection (d). (d) Any violation of this section shall be a class A, nonperson misdemeanor, and if the offender is an officer or employee of this state, such officer or employee shall be dismissed from office. Reports of violations of this paragraph shall be investigated by the attorney general. The district attorney or county attorney and the attorney general shall have authority to prosecute any violation of this section if the offender is a city or county clerk or treasurer or finance officer of a city or county. Sec. 9. K.S.A. 2024 Supp. 9-555 and 75-5133 are hereby repealed. Sec. 10. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its publication in the statute book. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16