Texas 2025 - 89th Regular

Texas Senate Bill SB441

Filed
11/21/24  
Out of Senate Committee
3/6/25  
Voted on by Senate
3/18/25  
Out of House Committee
5/20/25  
Bill Becomes Law
 

Caption

Relating to criminal and civil liability related to sexually explicit media and artificial intimate visual material; creating a criminal offense; increasing a criminal penalty.

Impact

The bill introduces important changes to how Texas handles criminal and civil liabilities related to sexually explicit media. By expanding the definitions concerning intimate visual material to encompass those generated by AI and deep fake technology, SB441 reinforces the legal framework for protecting individuals' rights in the digital age. The bill maintains a statute of limitations of ten years for claims related to the unauthorized distribution of these materials, ensuring that victims have ample time to seek legal redress. The legislation also addresses the responsibilities of online platforms in managing and removing harmful content if compliance with the removal request doesn't occur timely.

Summary

SB441 aims to address the production and distribution of sexually explicit media, particularly focusing on artificial intimate visual material like deep fakes. This bill creates specific criminal offenses related to the unauthorized use of such media, significantly increasing the legal penalties for offenders. It includes provisions for civil liability that hold accountable those who produce or distribute these materials without consent, thereby offering increased protection for individuals depicted in such content. The legislation seeks to establish clearer boundaries regarding consent and the use of advanced technology in reproducing intimate visual depictions.

Sentiment

The reception surrounding SB441 has generally been positive, especially among advocates for victims' rights and those concerned about the implications of deep fake technology on individual privacy and safety. Supporters argue that the bill is a necessary response to the growing misuse of technology that can harm individuals emotionally and reputationally. However, there are concerns raised by technology advocates regarding the implications for innovation and free expression, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that does not impede technological advancements while providing adequate protections for individuals.

Contention

Key points of contention include the definition of consent as articulated in the bill, which requires that individuals provide affirmative, conscious, and voluntary agreement regarding the use of their likeness in deep fake media. Critics are concerned about how this definition may affect creative expression and the responsibilities placed on technology developers and online platforms. There are fears that stringent regulations might stifle innovation, especially in artificial intelligence applications. Additionally, the mechanisms for civil liability imposed on platforms for user-generated content have sparked debates concerning the fairness and feasibility of enforcing such regulations.

Texas Constitutional Statutes Affected

Civil Practice And Remedies Code

  • Chapter 98. Liability For Trafficking Of Persons
    • Section: New Section
    • Section: New Section
    • Section: New Section

Penal Code

  • Chapter 21. Sexual Offenses
    • Section: 165

Companion Bills

No companion bills found.

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