Michigan 2025-2026 Regular Session

Michigan Senate Bill SB0394

Introduced
6/10/25  
Refer
6/10/25  
Report Pass
9/3/25  
Refer
9/3/25  
Report Pass
9/3/25  
Engrossed
9/4/25  

Caption

Natural resources: gas and oil; ownership and conveyance rights associated with pore space; establish. Creates new act. TIE BAR WITH: SB 395'25

Impact

The legislation is significant as it addresses the legal framework surrounding subterranean real estate, particularly in relation to emerging technologies and practices in carbon storage. It aims to offer a clear understanding of surface property rights and subsurface rights, thereby potentially encouraging investment in carbon capture and storage technologies. Moreover, by affirming the dominance of mineral rights and the surface owner's rights to fluids and gases, the act aims to balance various interests in mineral exploration and production.

Summary

Senate Bill 394, titled the 'Subsurface Pore Space Act', aims to clarify the ownership and conveyance rights associated with subsurface pore space beneath real property in the state of Michigan. This bill establishes that the ownership of pore space is vested in the owner of the overlying surface estate unless it has been explicitly severed. It allows for the separate sale, purchase, and lease of pore space, facilitating its future use for the storage of carbon dioxide and other substances.

Sentiment

Debate around SB 394 has been notably divided among stakeholders. Proponents argue that it will support environmental initiatives related to carbon capture, as well as provide clarity and enhance property rights for landowners. Conversely, opponents express concerns about the implications for existing rights and the ability of surface owners to use their land effectively, fearing that severing pore space from surface property could lead to negative legal repercussions for landowners who wish to utilize their property in traditional ways.

Contention

Among the notable points of contention in the discussions on SB 394 is the concern that the act could complicate existing mineral rights laws and create disputes between landowners. Lawmakers have pointed out that while the act seeks to clarify pore space ownership, it must also ensure that existing rights retained by mineral estate owners and surface owners are not adversely affected. Stakeholders are particularly attentive to how this bill aligns with other legislative measures being discussed, as it has been tied to additional bills that may shape its implementation.

Companion Bills

MI SB0395

Same As Natural resources: gas and oil; definitions in the crude oil and petroleum act; update. Amends sec. 1 of 1929 PA 16 (MCL 483.1). TIE BAR WITH: SB 394'25

Previously Filed As

MI SB1133

Natural resources: gas and oil; ownership and conveyance rights associated with pore space; establish. Creates new act. TIE BAR WITH: SB 1131'24, SB 1132'24

MI SB1131

Environmental protection: air pollution; regulation of carbon sequestration; provide for. Amends sec. 1301 of 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.1301) & adds subch. 6 to ch. 3, art. III. TIE BAR WITH: SB 1132'24, SB 1133'24

MI SB1124

Natural resources: land acquisition; preservation of land and water; provide for. Amends sec. 503 of 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.503) & adds sec. 502c.

MI SB1132

Natural resources: gas and oil; definitions in the crude oil and petroleum act; update. Amends sec. 1 of 1929 PA 16 (MCL 483.1). TIE BAR WITH: SB 1131'24, SB 1133'24

MI HB4942

Property: conveyance of state property; Roosevelt parking structure; provide for conveyance to House of Representatives. Creates land transfer act.

MI HB5357

Environmental protection: other; citations to the motor vehicle sales finance act in the natural resources and environmental protection act; revise. Amends sec. 20101 of 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.20101). TIE BAR WITH: HB 5354'23

MI HB4528

Natural resources: mining; regulations for mining of sand and gravel operations; modify. Amends sec. 9115 of 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.9115) & adds pt. 639. TIE BAR WITH: HB 4526'23, HB 4527'23

MI HB6108

Natural resources: mining; regulations for mining of sand and gravel operations; modify. Amends sec. 9115 of 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.9115) & adds pt. 639. TIE BAR WITH: HB 6111'24, HB 6109'24

MI SB0633

Insurance: health insurers; state-based insurance exchange; provide for. Creates new act. TIE BAR WITH: SB 0637'23

MI HB4809

Natural resources: gas and oil; certain references in the oil and gas mining statute; make gender neutral. Amends sec. 4 of 1941 PA 178 (MCL 319.104). TIE BAR WITH: HJR F'23

Similar Bills

MI SB1133

Natural resources: gas and oil; ownership and conveyance rights associated with pore space; establish. Creates new act. TIE BAR WITH: SB 1131'24, SB 1132'24

CA AB1166

Public works: protection of underground infrastructure: regional notification center system: electronic positive response.

PA SB831

Providing for the injection of carbon dioxide into an underground reservoir for the purpose of carbon sequestration, for the ownership of pore space in strata below surface lands and waters of the Commonwealth, for conveyance of the surface ownership of real property; imposing duties on the Department of Environmental Protection and the Environmental Hearing Board; and establishing the Carbon Dioxide Storage Facility Fund.

PA HB2408

Providing for geologic sequestration and establishing the Geologic Sequestration Special Revenue Account.

US HB3903

Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025

US HB8363

Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2024

US SB4310

Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2024

US SB2016

Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025