EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MAT TER ADDED TO EXISTIN G LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
Underlining indicates amendments to bill.
Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by
amendment.
*sb0194*
SENATE BILL 194
N1 3lr1197
CF HB 118
By: Senators Sydnor and Hayes
Introduced and read first time: January 20, 2023
Assigned to: Judicial Proceedings
Committee Report: Favorable
Senate action: Adopted
Read second time: February 24, 2023
CHAPTER ______
AN ACT concerning 1
Ground Leases – Notices and Billing – Forms and Requirements 2
FOR the purpose of prohibiting a leasehold tenant of an unregistered ground lease from 3
being required to hold more than a certain amount of ground rent in escrow; 4
requiring a ground lease holder to mail certain notices and bills to a leasehold tenant 5
in a certain manner under certain circumstances and prohibiting the ground lease 6
holder from requiring the leasehold tenant to reimburse the ground lease holder for 7
the mailing expenses; requiring the State Department of Assessments and Taxation 8
to develop and make available on its website certain form notices and bills; requiring 9
a ground lease transferee to send notice of a ground lease transfer to the State 10
Department of Assessments and Taxation within a certain period of time; and 11
generally relating to ground leases. 12
BY renumbering 13
Article – Real Property 14
Section 8–801(b) through (f) 15
to be Section 8–801(c) through (g), respectively 16
Annotated Code of Maryland 17
(2015 Replacement Volume and 2022 Supplement) 18
BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 19
Article – Real Property 20
Section 8–707, 8–805(a) and (d)(1)(iii) and (v) and (3)(ii), 8–807(a), (c), and (d), 8–809, 21
and 8–810 22
Annotated Code of Maryland 23 2 SENATE BILL 194
(2015 Replacement Volume and 2022 Supplement) 1
BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 2
Article – Real Property 3
Section 8–801(a) 4
Annotated Code of Maryland 5
(2015 Replacement Volume and 2022 Supplement) 6
BY adding to 7
Article – Real Property 8
Section 8–801(b) and 8–801.1 9
Annotated Code of Maryland 10
(2015 Replacement Volume and 2022 Supplement) 11
SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 12
That Section(s) 8–801(b) through (f) of Article – Real Property of the Annotated Code of 13
Maryland be renumbered to be Section(s) 8–801(c) through (g), respectively. 14
SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That the Laws of Maryland read 15
as follows: 16
Article – Real Property 17
8–707. 18
If a ground lease is not registered in accordance with this [subtitle, the] SUBTITLE: 19
(1) THE ground lease holder may not: 20
[(1)] (I) Collect any ground rent payments due under the ground lease; 21
[(2)] (II) Bring a civil action against the leasehold tenant to enforce any 22
rights the ground lease holder may have under the ground lease; or 23
[(3)] (III) Bring an action against the leasehold tenant under Subtitle 8 of 24
this title; AND 25
(2) THE LEASEHOLD TENANT OF THE UNREGISTERED GROUND LEASE 26
MAY NOT BE REQUIRED TO HOLD MORE THAN 3 YEARS OF GROUND RENT IN ESCROW 27
FOR THE UNREGISTERED GROUND LEASE . 28
8–801. 29
(a) In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated. 30
SENATE BILL 194 3
(B) “DEPARTMENT ” MEANS THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF ASSESSMENTS 1
AND TAXATION. 2
8–801.1. 3
(A) THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES THA T IT IS IN THE PUBLI C 4
INTEREST FOR GROUND RENTS TO BE REDEEMED . 5
(B) IT IS THE INTENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY THAT THE DEPARTMENT 6
USE ITS GROUND RENT REDEMPTION PROGRAM T O ASSIST IN THE REDE MPTION OF 7
GROUND RENTS . 8
8–805. 9
(a) (1) In this section the following words have the meanings indicated. 10
(2) [“Department” means the State Department of Assessments and 11
Taxation. 12
(3)] “Irredeemable ground rent” means a ground rent created under a 13
ground lease executed before April 9, 1884, that does not contain a provision allowing the 14
leasehold tenant to redeem the ground rent. 15
[(4)] (3) “Redeemable ground rent” means a ground rent that may be 16
redeemed in accordance with this section or redeemed or extinguished in accordance with 17
§ 8–804(f) of this subtitle. 18
(d) (1) To be effective and to be entitled to be recorded, the notice shall be 19
executed by the ground lease holder, acknowledged before a notary public, and contain 20
substantially the following information: 21
(iii) The name of every leasehold tenant as of the time the notice is 22
filed according to the land records or the records of the [State] Department [of Assessments 23
and Taxation]; 24
(v) The recording reference of every leasehold tenant’s leasehold 25
deed, as of the time the notice is filed, according to the land records or the records of the 26
[State] Department [of Assessments and Taxation]; 27
(3) The notice shall be indexed as “Notice of Intention to Preserve 28
Irredeemability”: 29
(ii) In the grantor indices of deeds under the name of every leasehold 30
tenant as of the time the notice is filed according to the land records or the records of the 31
[State] Department [of Assessments and Taxation]; and 32
4 SENATE BILL 194
8–807. 1
(a) For property subject to a ground lease in effect on or after July 1, 2007, a 2
ground lease holder may bring an action for possession for nonpayment of ground rent only: 3
(1) If the ground lease holder has the lawful right to claim possession for 4
nonpayment of ground rent; 5
(2) If the ground lease is registered with the [State] Department [of 6
Assessments and Taxation] under Subtitle 7 of this title; 7
(3) If the payment of ground rent is at least 6 months in arrears; and 8
(4) As provided under this section. 9
(c) (1) (I) No less than 60 days before filing an action for possession, the 10
ground lease holder shall send a notice, in the form required under paragraph (2) of this 11
subsection, to the leasehold tenant’s last known address AND TO THE PREMISES ADDRESS 12
as shown in the records of the [State] Department [of Assessments and Taxation, or other 13
place of business or residence if known,] by[: 14
(i) First–class mail;] FIRST–CLASS MAIL and 15
[(ii) Certified] CERTIFIED mail, return receipt requested. 16
(II) IF A LEASEHOLD TENANT ’S LAST KNOWN MAILING ADDRESS 17
AND THE PREMISES ADD RESS LISTED IN THE R ECORDS OF THE DEPARTMENT ARE 18
DIFFERENT, THE GROUND LEASE HOL DER SHALL MAIL ONE C OPY OF THE NOTICE BY 19
FIRST–CLASS MAIL AND ONE C OPY OF THE NOTICE BY CERTIFIED MAIL , RETURN 20
RECEIPT REQUESTED , TO EACH ADDRESS , RESPECTIVELY . 21
(III) A GROUND LEASE HOLDER MAY NOT REQUIRE A LE ASEHOLD 22
TENANT TO REIMBURSE THE GROUND LEASE HOL DER FOR COSTS INCURR ED IN 23
PROVIDING N OTICE REQUIRED UNDER THIS SUBSECTION . 24
(2) The DEPARTMENT SHALL DEVE LOP AND MAKE AVAILAB LE ON ITS 25
WEBSITE A FORM NOTIC E FOR USE BY A GROUN D LEASE HOLDER TO PR OVIDE TO A 26
LEASEHOLD TENANT THE notice required under paragraph (1) of this subsection [shall be 27
in substantially the same form as the notice contained on the Web site of the State 28
Department of Assessments and Taxation]. 29
(3) If authorized under the ground lease, a ground lease holder may be 30
reimbursed for reasonable late fees, interest, collection costs, and expenses not exceeding 31
$100, provided the outstanding amount due is paid after the notice sent under paragraph 32
(1) of this subsection and before a notice is sent under subsection (d) of this section. 33 SENATE BILL 194 5
(d) (1) (I) After notice has been sent under subsection (c) of this section and 1
no [less] FEWER than 30 days before filing an action for possession, the ground lease holder 2
shall send a notice, in the form required under paragraph (2) of this subsection, to the 3
leasehold tenant’s last known address AND TO THE PREMISES ADDRESS as shown in the 4
records of the [State] Department [of Assessments and Taxation, or other place of business 5
or residence if known,] by[: 6
(i) First–class mail;] FIRST–CLASS MAIL and 7
[(ii) Certified] CERTIFIED mail, return receipt requested. 8
(II) IF A LEASEHOLD TENANT ’S LAST KNOWN MAILING ADDRESS 9
AND THE PREMISES ADD RESS LISTED IN THE R ECORDS OF THE DEPARTMENT ARE 10
DIFFERENT, THE GROUND LEASE HOL DER SHALL MAIL ONE C OPY OF THE NOTICE BY 11
FIRST–CLASS MAIL AND O NE COPY OF THE NOTIC E BY CERTIFIED MAIL , RETURN 12
RECEIPT REQUESTED , TO EACH ADDRESS , RESPECTIVELY . 13
(III) A GROUND LEASE HOLDER MAY NOT REQUIRE A LE ASEHOLD 14
TENANT TO REIMBURSE THE GROUND LEASE HOL DER FOR COSTS INCURR ED IN 15
PROVIDING NOTICE REQ UIRED UNDER THIS SUBSECTION . 16
(2) (I) The DEPARTMENT SHALL DEVE LOP AND MAKE AVAILAB LE 17
ON ITS WEBSITE A FOR M NOTICE FOR USE BY A GROUND LEASE HOLDE R TO PROVIDE 18
TO A LEASEHOLD TENAN T THE notice required under paragraph (1) of this subsection. 19
(II) THE FORM shall be in 14 point bold font and [include] REQUIRE 20
THE FOLLOWING : 21
[(i)] 1. An itemized bill for the payment due; 22
[(ii)] 2. The amount necessary to cure the default, including late 23
fees, interest, collection costs, and expenses authorized under paragraph (3) of this 24
subsection; 25
[(iii)] 3. The name and address of the person to whom to send the 26
payment due; 27
[(iv)] 4. The name and contact information of the person to contact 28
for questions about the notice; and 29
[(v)] 5. A statement that unless the default is cured in 30 days: 30
[1.] A. The ground lease holder intends to file an action for 31
possession; and 32 6 SENATE BILL 194
[2.] B. The leasehold tenant may be liable for reimbursing 1
the ground lease holder for expenses and costs incurred in connection with the collection of 2
past due ground rent and the filing of the action for possession. 3
(3) If authorized under the ground lease, a ground lease holder may be 4
reimbursed for reasonable late fees, interest, collection costs, and expenses not exceeding 5
$650, including: 6
(i) Title abstract and examination fees; 7
(ii) Judgment report costs; 8
(iii) Photocopying and postage fees; and 9
(iv) Attorney’s fees. 10
8–809. 11
(a) (1) A ground lease holder may not collect a yearly or half –yearly 12
installment payment of a ground rent due under the ground lease unless: 13
[(1)] (I) The ground lease is registered with the [State] Department [of 14
Assessments and Taxation] under Subtitle 7 of this title; and 15
[(2)] (II) At least 60 days before the payment is due, the ground lease 16
holder mails a bill, IN THE FORM REQUIRED UNDER SUBSECTION (B) OF THIS 17
SECTION, to the last known address of the leasehold tenant and to the PREMISES address 18
of the property subject to the ground lease LISTED IN THE RECORD S OF THE 19
DEPARTME NT. 20
(2) IF A LEASEHOLD TENANT ’S LAST KNOWN MAILING ADDRESS AND 21
THE PREMISES ADDRESS LISTED IN THE RECORD S OF THE DEPARTMENT ARE 22
IDENTICAL, THE GROUND LEASE HOL DER SHALL MAIL ONE C OPY OF THE BILL TO 23
THE ADDRESS BY FIRST –CLASS MAIL AND ONE C OPY OF THE BIL L TO THE ADDRESS 24
BY CERTIFIED MAIL , RETURN RECEIPT REQUE STED. 25
(3) IF A LEASEHOLD TENANT ’S LAST KNOWN MAILING ADDRESS AND 26
PREMISES ADDRESS LIS TED IN THE RECORDS O F THE DEPARTMENT ARE 27
DIFFERENT, THE GROUND LEASE HOL DER SHALL MAIL ONE COPY OF THE BILL BY 28
FIRST–CLASS MAIL AND ONE C OPY OF THE BILL BY C ERTIFIED MAIL , RETURN 29
RECEIPT REQUESTED , TO EACH ADDRESS , RESPECTIVELY . 30
SENATE BILL 194 7
(4) A GROUND LEASE HOLDER MAY NOT REQUIRE THE LEASEHOLD 1
TENANT TO REIMBURSE THE GROUND LEASE HOL DER FOR COSTS INCURR ED TO 2
PROVIDE A BILL UNDER THIS SUBSECT ION. 3
(b) (1) THE DEPARTMENT SHALL DEVE LOP AND MAKE AVAILAB LE ON ITS 4
WEBSITE A FORM BILL FOR USE BY A GROUND LEASE HOLDER . 5
(2) The FORM bill MADE AVAILABLE ON TH E DEPARTMENT ’S WEBSITE 6
shall include a notice in boldface type, at least as large as 14 point, in substantially the 7
following form: 8
“NOTICE REQUIRED BY MARYLAND LAW 9
REGARDING YOUR GROUND RENT 10
This property (address) is subject to a ground lease. The annual payment on the ground 11
lease (“ground rent”) is $(dollar amount), payable in yearly or half–yearly installments on 12
(date or dates). 13
The next ground rent payment is due (day, month, year) in the amount of $(dollar amount). 14
The payment of the ground rent should be sent to: 15
(name of ground lease holder) 16
(address) 17
(phone number) 18
NOTE REGARDING YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER MARYLAND 19
LAW: 20
The ground lease holder is required to register the ground lease with the State Department 21
of Assessments and Taxation and is prohibited from collecting ground rent payments unless 22
the ground lease is registered. If the ground lease is registered, as the owner of this 23
property, you are obligated to pay the ground rent to the ground lease holder. To determine 24
whether the ground lease is registered, you may check the [Web site] WEBSITE of the State 25
Department of Assessments and Taxation. It is also your responsibility to notify the ground 26
lease holder if you change your address or transfer ownership of the property. 27
If you fail to pay the ground rent on time, you are still responsible for paying the ground 28
rent. In addition, if the ground lease holder files an action in court to collect the past due 29
ground rent, you may be required to pay the ground lease holder for fees and costs 30
associated with the collection of the past due ground rent. In addition, the ground lease 31
holder may also file an action in court to take possession of the property, which may result 32
in your being responsible for additional fees and costs and ultimately in your loss of the 33
property. Please note that under Maryland law, a ground lease holder may demand not 34
more than 3 years of past due ground rent, and there are limits on how much a ground 35
lease holder may be reimbursed for fees and costs. If you fail to pay the ground rent on 36
time, you should contact a lawyer for advice. 37 8 SENATE BILL 194
As the owner of this property, you are entitled to redeem, or purchase, the ground lease 1
from the ground lease holder and obtain absolute ownership of the property. Unless you 2
and the ground lease holder agree to a lesser amount, the amount to redeem your ground 3
lease is _______. If you wish to redeem the ground lease, contact the ground lease holder. If 4
the identity of the ground lease holder is unknown, the State Department of Assessments 5
and Taxation provides a process to redeem the ground lease that may result in your 6
obtaining absolute ownership of the property. If you would like to obtain absolute 7
ownership of this property, you should contact a lawyer for advice.”. 8
8–810. 9
(a) Within 30 days after any transfer of a ground lease, the transferee shall notify 10
the leasehold tenant AND THE DEPARTMENT of the transfer. 11
(b) (1) The notification shall include the name and address of the new ground 12
lease holder and the date of the transfer. 13
(2) If the property is subject to a redeemable ground rent, the notification 14
shall also include the following notice: 15
“As the owner of the property subject to this ground lease, you are entitled to redeem, 16
or purchase, the ground lease from the ground lease holder and obtain absolute ownership 17
of the property. The redemption amount is fixed by law but may also be negotiated with 18
the ground lease holder for a different amount. For information on redeeming the ground 19
lease, contact the ground lease holder.” 20
(c) (1) A ground lease holder shall send notice under this section to the last 21
known address of the leasehold tenant AND THE PREMISES ADDRESS LIS TED IN THE 22
RECORDS OF THE DEPARTMENT BY FIRST –CLASS MAIL AND CERTI FIED MAIL, 23
RETURN RECEIPT REQUE STED. 24
(2) IF A LEASEHOLD TENANT ’S LAST KNOWN MAILING ADDRESS AND 25
PREMISES ADDRESS LIS TED IN THE RECORDS O F THE DEPARTMENT ARE 26
DIFFERENT, THE GROUND LEASE HOL DER SHALL MAIL ONE C OPY OF THE NOTICE BY 27
FIRST–CLASS MAIL AND ONE C OPY OF THE NOTICE BY CERTIFIED MAIL , RETURN 28
RECEIPT REQUESTED , TO EACH ADDRESS , RESPECTIVELY . 29
(3) A GROUND LEASE HOLDER MAY NOT REQUIRE A LE ASEHOLD 30
TENANT TO REIMBU RSE THE GROUND LEASE HOLDER FOR COSTS INC URRED IN 31
PROVIDING NOTICE REQ UIRED UNDER THIS SEC TION. 32
SECTION 3. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 33
October 1, 2023. 34