EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MAT TER ADDED TO EXISTIN G LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
*hb0635*
HOUSE BILL 635
R5, E2 5lr1511
CF SB 292
By: Delegates Phillips, Acevero, Addison, Alston, Amprey, Boyce, Conaway,
Crutchfield, Davis, Kaufman, Martinez, McCaskill, Mireku–North, Pasteur,
Patterson, Pena–Melnyk, Queen, Roberson, Ruff, Ruth, Simpson, Taveras,
Taylor, Toles, Wells, White Holland, Wilkins, and Woods
Introduced and read first time: January 23, 2025
Assigned to: Judiciary and Environment and Transportation
A BILL ENTITLED
AN ACT concerning 1
Motor Vehicles – Secondary Enforcement and Admissibility of Evidence 2
FOR the purpose of requiring a police officer to document all reasons for a traffic stop or 3
other stop on a citation or police report resulting from the stop; establishing that 4
certain evidence obtained during a traffic stop or other stop in violation of certain 5
provisions may be or is inadmissible in certain proceedings; authorizing a police 6
officer to enforce certain provisions of the Maryland Vehicle Law only as a secondary 7
action; establishing a police officer’s failure to comply with the provisions of this Act 8
as a basis for administrative disciplinary action; and generally relating to police 9
stops. 10
BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 11
Article – Criminal Procedure 12
Section 2–109 13
Annotated Code of Maryland 14
(2018 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 15
BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 16
Article – Transportation 17
Section 13–401, 13–411, 13–701, 13–703(g), 21–604, 21–605, 21–1111, 21–1117(d), 18
21–1133, 22–101(a)(2), 22–203(b), 22–204(f), 22–206, 22–403, 22–406(i)(2), 19
and 22–602 20
Annotated Code of Maryland 21
(2020 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 22
BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 23
Article – Transportation 24
Section 21–1117(a) and 22–406(i)(1) 25 2 HOUSE BILL 635
Annotated Code of Maryland 1
(2020 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 2
SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 3
That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 4
Article – Criminal Procedure 5
2–109. 6
(a) At the commencement of a traffic stop or other stop, absent exigent 7
circumstances, a police officer shall: 8
(1) display proper identification to the stopped individual; and 9
(2) provide the following information to the stopped individual: 10
(i) the officer’s name; 11
(ii) the officer’s identification number issued by the law enforcement 12
agency the officer is representing; 13
(iii) the name of the law enforcement agency the police officer is 14
representing; and 15
(iv) the reason for the traffic stop or other stop. 16
(B) A POLICE OFFICER SHALL DOCUMENT ALL REASONS FOR A TRAFFIC 17
STOP OR OTHER STOP O N ANY CITATION OR POLI CE REPORT RESULTING FROM THE 18
STOP. 19
[(b)] (C) A police officer’s failure to comply with subsection (a) of this section: 20
(1) may be grounds for administrative disciplinary action against the 21
officer; and 22
(2) may [not] serve as the basis for the exclusion of evidence under the 23
exclusionary rule. 24
[(c)] (D) A police officer may not prohibit or prevent a citizen from recording the 25
police officer’s actions if the citizen is otherwise acting lawfully and safely. 26
Article – Transportation 27
13–401. 28
HOUSE BILL 635 3
(a) This section applies to any vehicle required to be registered under this title. 1
(b) (1) If a vehicle is not registered, a person may not drive the vehicle on a 2
highway in this State. 3
(2) (i) If a person is convicted of a violation of this subsection that 4
involved the use of an off–highway recreational vehicle on a highway, the court shall notify 5
the Administration of the violation. 6
(ii) The Chief Judge of the District Court, in conjunction with the 7
Administration, shall establish uniform procedures for reporting convictions described in 8
this paragraph. 9
(c) If a vehicle is not registered, the owner of the vehicle may not knowingly allow 10
the vehicle to be driven on a highway in this State. 11
(d) If the required registration fee for a vehicle has not been paid, a person may 12
not drive the vehicle on a highway in this State. 13
(e) If the required registration fee for a vehicle has not been paid, the owner of 14
the vehicle may not knowingly allow the vehicle to be driven on a highway in this State. 15
(f) If the registration of a vehicle is canceled, a person may not drive the vehicle 16
on a highway in this State. 17
(g) If the registration of a vehicle is canceled, the owner of the vehicle may not 18
knowingly allow the vehicle to be driven on a highway in this State. 19
(h) If the registration of a vehicle is suspended, a person may not drive the vehicle 20
on a highway in this State. 21
(i) If the registration of a vehicle is suspended, the owner of the vehicle may not 22
knowingly allow the vehicle to be driven on a highway in this State. 23
(j) If the registration of a vehicle is revoked, a person may not drive the vehicle 24
on a highway in this State. 25
(k) If the registration of a vehicle is revoked, the owner of the vehicle may not 26
knowingly allow the vehicle to be driven on a highway in this State. 27
(L) (1) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SECTION ONLY AS A 28
SECONDARY ACTION WHE N THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF A MOTOR 29
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF TH E CODE. 30
(2) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (1) 31
OF THIS SUBSECTION : 32 4 HOUSE BILL 635
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 1
ACTION AGAINST THE O FFICER; AND 2
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION OF 3
PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 4
PROCEEDING . 5
13–411. 6
(a) On a vehicle for which two registration plates are required, one plate shall be 7
attached on the front and the other on the rear of the vehicle. 8
(b) On a vehicle for which one registration plate is required, the plate shall be 9
attached on the: 10
(1) Front of the vehicle for a Class F (tractor) vehicle; and 11
(2) Rear of the vehicle for every other vehicle. 12
(c) (1) At all times, each registration plate shall be: 13
(i) Maintained free from foreign materials, including registration 14
plate covers as defined in § 13–411.1 of this subtitle, and in a condition to be clearly legible; 15
and 16
(ii) Securely fastened to the vehicle for which it is issued: 17
1. In a horizontal position; 18
2. In a manner that prevents the plate from swinging; and 19
3. In a place and position to be clearly visible. 20
(2) For a violation involving the placement of an object framing or 21
bordering the edges of a registration plate, a police officer may enforce this subsection only 22
as a secondary action when the police officer detains a driver of a motor vehicle for a 23
suspected violation of another provision of the Code. 24
(d) Except as otherwise expressly permitted by the Maryland Vehicle Law, as to 25
any vehicle required to be registered under this title, a person may not drive the vehicle on 26
any highway in this State, unless there is attached to the vehicle and displayed on it, as 27
required in this title: 28
(1) A registration plate or plates issued for the vehicle by the 29
Administration for the current registration period; and 30 HOUSE BILL 635 5
(2) Any validation tab issued for the vehicle under this subtitle. 1
(e) Except as otherwise expressly permitted by the Maryland Vehicle Law, as to 2
any vehicle required to be registered under this title, the owner of the vehicle may not 3
permit the vehicle to be driven on any highway in this State, unless there is attached to 4
and displayed on the vehicle, as required in this title: 5
(1) A registration plate or plates issued by the Administration for the 6
current registration period; and 7
(2) Any validation tab issued for the vehicle under this subtitle. 8
(f) Except as otherwise expressly permitted by the Maryland Vehicle Law, a 9
vehicle used or driven in this State may not display on either its front or rear any expired 10
registration plate issued by any state. 11
(g) Except as otherwise expressly permitted by the Maryland Vehicle Law, a 12
person may not display or permit to be displayed on any vehicle used or driven in this State 13
any registration plate issued for another vehicle or to a person other than the owner of the 14
vehicle. 15
(h) (1) A vehicle registered as a historic or antique vehicle (Class L) in this 16
State or in another state, when used or driven in this State, may display vintage 17
registration plates as an indication of the historic or antique nature of the vehicle. Except 18
as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the place on the vehicle provided for the 19
display of registration plates may only be used for the display of current registration plates 20
in accordance with subsections (a) through (c) of this section, and any vintage registration 21
plates which are used shall be displayed elsewhere on the vehicle. 22
(2) If the Administration authorizes the display of vintage registration 23
plates in lieu of current registration plates, as provided in § 13–936.1 of this title, the 24
vintage registration plates shall be displayed as required under subsections (a) through (c) 25
of this section. However, the current registration plates shall be kept in the vehicle at all 26
times. 27
(i) It is the duty of every police officer to report to the Administration all vehicles 28
operated in violation of this section. The Administration shall verify whether the owner of 29
a reported vehicle has complied with this section. 30
(J) (1) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SECTION ONLY AS A 31
SECONDARY ACTION WHE N THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF A MOTOR 32
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF THE CODE. 33
6 HOUSE BILL 635
(2) A POLICE OFFICER MAY N OT STOP A MOTOR VEHI CLE FOR 1
DISPLAYING AN EXPIRE D REGISTRATION PRIOR TO THE FIRST DAY OF THE FOURTH 2
MONTH FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL EXPIRATION DATE OF THE REGISTRA TION. 3
(3) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WI TH PARAGRAPH (1) 4
OR (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION : 5
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 6
ACTION AGAINST THE O FFICER; AND 7
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION OF 8
PARAGRAPH (1) OR (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY TRIAL O R OTHER 9
PROCEEDING . 10
13–701. 11
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this title, as to any vehicle required to be 12
registered under this title, a person may not drive the vehicle on any highway in this State, 13
unless the vehicle displays current registration plates and a current registration card is 14
carried as required in this title. 15
(b) Except as otherwise provided in this title, as to any vehicle required to be 16
registered under this title, an owner of the vehicle may not knowingly permit the vehicle to 17
be driven on a highway in this State, unless the vehicle displays current registration plates 18
and a current registration card is carried as required in this title. 19
(C) (1) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SECTION ONLY AS A 20
SECONDARY ACT ION WHEN THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DR IVER OF A MOTOR 21
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF TH E CODE. 22
(2) A POLICE OFFICER MAY N OT STOP A MOTOR VEHI CLE FOR 23
DISPLAYING AN EXPIRE D REGISTRATION PRIOR TO THE FIRST DAY OF THE FOURTH 24
MONTH FOLLOWING THE OR IGINAL EXPIRATION DA TE OF THE REGISTRATI ON. 25
(3) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (1) 26
OR (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION : 27
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 28
ACTION AGAINST THE O FFICER; AND 29
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDENCE OB TAINED IN VIOLATION OF 30
PARAGRAPH (1) OR (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 31
PROCEEDING . 32
HOUSE BILL 635 7
13–703. 1
(g) (1) A person may not display on or for a vehicle any registration plate that 2
is neither: 3
[(1)] (I) Issued for the vehicle; or 4
[(2)] (II) Otherwise lawfully used on or for the vehicle under this title. 5
(2) (I) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SUBSECTI ON ONLY 6
AS A SECONDARY ACTIO N WHEN THE POLICE OF FICER DETAINS A DRIV ER OF A 7
MOTOR VEHICLE FOR A SUSPECTED VIOLATION OF ANOTHER PROVISION OF THE 8
CODE. 9
(II) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH 10
SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH : 11
1. MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE 12
DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST THE OFFICER ; AND 13
2. SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLATION 14
OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN ADMISSIBLE IN ANY TR IAL OR OTHER 15
PROCEEDING . 16
21–604. 17
(a) A person may not turn a vehicle at an intersection, unless the vehicle is in the 18
position required by § 21–601 of this subtitle. 19
(b) A person may not turn a vehicle to enter a private road or driveway or 20
otherwise turn a vehicle from a direct course or move it right or left on a roadway or from 21
a shoulder or bikeway onto a roadway, unless the movement can be made with reasonable 22
safety. 23
(c) A person may not, if any other vehicle might be affected by the movement, 24
turn a vehicle until he gives an appropriate signal in the manner required by this subtitle. 25
(d) When required, a signal of intention to turn right or left shall be given 26
continuously during at least the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before turning; except 27
that a bicyclist may interrupt the turning signal to maintain control of the bicycle. 28
(e) If there is an opportunity to signal, a person may not stop or suddenly decrease 29
the speed of a vehicle until he gives an appropriate signal in the manner required by this 30
subtitle to the driver of any other vehicle immediately to the rear. 31
(f) The signals provided for in § 21–605(b) and (c) of this subtitle: 32 8 HOUSE BILL 635
(1) May be used to indicate an intention to turn, change lanes, or start from 1
a stopped, standing, or parked position; and 2
(2) May not be flashed as a courtesy or “do pass” signal to the driver of any 3
other vehicle approaching from the rear. 4
(G) (1) A POLICE OFF ICER MAY ENFORCE THI S SECTION ONLY AS A 5
SECONDARY ACTION WHE N THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF A MOTOR 6
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF TH E CODE. 7
(2) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (1) 8
OF THIS SUBSECT ION: 9
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 10
ACTION AGAINST THE O FFICER; AND 11
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION OF 12
PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 13
PROCEEDING . 14
21–605. 15
(a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, each required stop 16
or turn signal shall be given: 17
(1) By hand and arm in conformity with § 21–606 of this subtitle; or 18
(2) By signal lamps. 19
(b) Each motor vehicle in use on a highway shall be equipped with and the 20
required signal given by signal lamps, if the distance from the center of the top of the 21
steering post to the left outside limit of the body, cab, or load of the vehicle is more than 24 22
inches. 23
(c) Each motor vehicle in use on a highway shall be equipped with and the 24
required signal given by signal lamps if, for any vehicle or combination of vehicles, the 25
distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the rear limit of the body or load 26
is more than 14 feet. 27
(D) (1) A POLICE OFFICER MAY ENFOR CE THIS SECTION ONLY AS A 28
SECONDARY ACTION WHE N THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF A MOTOR 29
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF TH E CODE. 30
HOUSE BILL 635 9
(2) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (1) 1
OF THIS SUBSECTION: 2
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 3
ACTION AGAINST THE O FFICER; AND 4
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION OF 5
PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 6
PROCEEDING . 7
21–1111. 8
(a) A person may not drop, throw, or place on a highway any glass bottle, glass, 9
nails, tacks, wire, cans, or any other substance likely to injure any person, animal, or 10
vehicle on the highway. 11
(b) Any person who drops, throws, or places or permits to be dropped, thrown, or 12
placed on a highway any destructive, hazardous, or injurious material immediately shall 13
remove it or cause it to be removed. 14
(c) Any person removing a wrecked or damaged vehicle from a highway also shall 15
remove from the highway any glass or other injurious substance dropped from the vehicle. 16
(d) A person may not throw, dump, discharge, or deposit any trash, junk, or other 17
refuse on any highway or public bridge or in any public waters. 18
(e) The owner of the vehicle, if present in the vehicle, or, in his absence, the driver 19
of the vehicle is presumed to be responsible for any violation of this section, if: 20
(1) The violation is caused by an occupant of the vehicle; 21
(2) The vehicle has two or more occupants; and 22
(3) It cannot be determined which occupant is the violator. 23
(f) A violation of this section is considered a moving violation for purposes of § 24
16–402 of this article. 25
(G) (1) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SECTION ONLY AS A 26
SECONDARY ACTION WHE N THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF A MOT OR 27
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF TH E CODE. 28
(2) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (1) 29
OF THIS SUBSECTION : 30
10 HOUSE BILL 635
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 1
ACTION AGAINST THE OFFICER; AND 2
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION OF 3
PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 4
PROCEEDING . 5
21–1117. 6
(a) (1) This section applies throughout this State, whether on or off a highway. 7
(2) For purposes of this section, any noise level above that adopted by the 8
Administrator under § 22–601 of this article is excessive. 9
(d) (1) A person may not drive a motor vehicle in any improper manner 10
intended to cause excessive noise. 11
(2) (I) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SUBSECTI ON ONLY 12
AS A SECONDARY ACTIO N WHEN THE POLICE OF FICER DETAINS A DRIV ER OF A 13
MOTOR VEHICLE FOR A SUSPECTED VIOLATION OF ANOTHER PROVISION OF THE 14
CODE. 15
(II) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH 16
SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH : 17
1. MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE 18
DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST THE OFFICER ; AND 19
2. SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION 20
OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN ADMISSIBLE IN ANY TR IAL OR OTHER 21
PROCEEDING . 22
21–1133. 23
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person may not drive, 24
stand, or park a vehicle in a dedicated bus lane unless authorized by the local jurisdiction 25
in which the dedicated bus lane is located. 26
(b) The following vehicles may be driven, allowed to stand, or, as appropriate, 27
parked in a dedicated bus lane: 28
(1) A transit vehicle owned, operated, or contracted for by the Maryland 29
Transit Administration, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, or a local 30
department of transportation; 31
HOUSE BILL 635 11
(2) A school bus; 1
(3) A bicycle; 2
(4) An emergency vehicle; and 3
(5) A vehicle making a right turn at the next immediate intersection. 4
(C) (1) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SECTION ONLY AS A 5
SECONDARY ACTION WHE N THE POLICE OFFICER DETAIN S A DRIVER OF A MOTO R 6
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF TH E CODE. 7
(2) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (1) 8
OF THIS SUBSECTION : 9
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 10
ACTION AGAINST THE OFFICER ; AND 11
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION OF 12
PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 13
PROCEEDING . 14
22–101. 15
(a) (2) (I) A person may not do any act forbidden or fail to do any act 16
required under this title. 17
(II) 1. A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS PARAGRAP H 18
ONLY AS A SECONDARY ACTION WHEN THE POLI CE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF 19
A MOTOR VEHICLE FOR A SUSPECTED VIOLATIO N OF ANOTHER PROVISI ON OF THE 20
CODE. 21
2. A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH 22
SUBSUBPARAGRAPH 1 OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH : 23
A. MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE 24
DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST THE OFFICER ; AND 25
B. SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION 26
OF SUBSUBPARAGRAPH 1 OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH INADMISSIBLE IN ANY TRIAL OR 27
OTHER PROCEEDING . 28
22–203. 29
12 HOUSE BILL 635
(b) (1) Every motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, shall be equipped with at 1
least two headlamps with at least one on each side of the front of the motor vehicle, which 2
headlamps shall emit white light and comply with the requirements and limitations set 3
forth in this title. 4
(2) (I) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SUBSECTI ON ONLY 5
AS A SECONDARY ACTIO N WHEN THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF A 6
MOTOR VEHICLE FOR A SUSPECTED VIOLATION OF ANOTHER PROVISION OF THE 7
CODE. 8
(II) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH 9
SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH : 10
1. MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE 11
DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST T HE OFFICER; AND 12
2. SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION 13
OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN ADMISSIBLE IN ANY TR IAL OR OTHER 14
PROCEEDING . 15
22–204. 16
(f) (1) Either a tail lamp or a separate lamp shall be constructed and placed 17
to illuminate, with a white light, the rear registration plate and render it clearly legible 18
from a distance of 50 feet to the rear. Any tail lamp or tail lamps, together with any separate 19
lamp or lamps for illuminating the rear registration plate, shall be wired to be lighted 20
whenever the head lamps or auxiliary driving lamps are lighted. 21
(2) (I) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SUBSECTI ON ONLY 22
AS A SECONDARY ACTIO N WHEN THE POLICE OF FICER DETAINS A DRIV ER OF A 23
MOTOR VEHICLE FOR A SUSPECTED VI OLATION OF ANOTHER P ROVISION OF THE 24
CODE. 25
(II) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH 26
SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH : 27
1. MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE 28
DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST THE OFFICER ; AND 29
2. SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION 30
OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN ADMISSIBLE IN ANY TR IAL OR OTHER 31
PROCEEDING . 32
22–206. 33 HOUSE BILL 635 13
(a) Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer shall be equipped 1
with at least one stop lamp meeting the requirements of § 22–219(a) of this subtitle, and 2
the following vehicles shall meet the following additional requirements: 3
(1) (i) Every motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, registered in this 4
State and sold as a new vehicle after June 1, 1967, shall be equipped with at least two stop 5
lamps; 6
(ii) Every passenger vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 7
1985, shall be equipped with a red center high mount stop lamp mounted with its center 8
on the vertical centerline of the vehicle as the vehicle is viewed from the rear; and 9
(iii) Every pickup truck, van, and sport utility vehicle manufactured 10
on or after September 1, 1993, shall be equipped with a red center high mount stop lamp 11
mounted with its center on the vertical centerline of the vehicle as the vehicle is viewed 12
from the rear; and 13
(2) After July 1, 1971, every trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer shall be 14
equipped with at least two stop lamps. 15
(b) Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer registered in this 16
State and sold as a new vehicle after June 1, 1961, shall be equipped with electric turn 17
signal lamps meeting the requirements of § 22–219(b) through (h) of this subtitle, except 18
that: 19
(1) Motorcycles manufactured before January 1, 1973, need not b e 20
equipped with electric turn signal lamps; and 21
(2) The requirements of this section apply only to those trailers, 22
semitrailers, and pole trailers that are registered in this State and sold as new vehicles on 23
or after July 1, 1971. 24
(c) Any special mobile equipment that is being towed shall be equipped with at 25
least 2 stop lamps that meet the requirements of § 22–219(a) of this subtitle and electric 26
turn signals that meet the requirements of § 22–219(b) of this subtitle if the special mobile 27
equipment: 28
(1) Obstructs the tail lamps, stop lamps, turn signals, or except for the 29
registration plate lamp, any lamp of the towing vehicle required by law to be visible from 30
the rear; or 31
(2) Extends more than 12 feet from the rear of the towing vehicle. 32
(D) (1) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE SUBSECTIONS (A) AND (B) OF 33
THIS SECTION ONLY AS A SECONDARY ACTION W HEN THE POLICE OFFIC ER DETAINS 34 14 HOUSE BILL 635
A DRIVER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER 1
PROVISION OF THE CODE. 2
(2) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAG RAPH (1) 3
OF THIS SUBSECTION : 4
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 5
ACTION AGAINST THE O FFICER; AND 6
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION OF 7
PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 8
PROCEEDING . 9
22–403. 10
(a) Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with at least one mirror located to 11
reflect to the driver a view of the highway for a distance of at least 200 feet to the rear of 12
the vehicle. 13
(b) Every motor vehicle registered in this State shall be equipped with an outside 14
mirror on the driver’s side located to reflect to the driver a view of the highway for a distance 15
of at least 200 feet to the rear of the vehicle and along the driver’s side of the vehicle. This 16
subsection does not apply to motorcycles, which are governed by subsection (c) of this 17
section. 18
(c) Every motorcycle shall be equipped with two rearview mirrors, one each 19
attached to the right and left handlebars, which shall meet applicable federal motor vehicle 20
safety standards. 21
(d) Where the view through the inside rearview mirror is obstructed, two outside 22
rearview mirrors are required. 23
(E) (1) A POLICE OFFICER MAY E NFORCE THIS SECTION ONLY AS A 24
SECONDARY ACTION WHE N THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF A MOTOR 25
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF TH E CODE. 26
(2) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (1) 27
OF THIS SUBSECTION : 28
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 29
ACTION AGAINST THE O FFICER; AND 30
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDENCE OBT AINED IN VIOLATION O F 31
PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 32
PROCEEDING . 33 HOUSE BILL 635 15
22–406. 1
(i) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection, a person may 2
not operate a vehicle registered under § 13–912, § 13–913, § 13–917, or § 13–937 of this 3
article on a highway in this State if: 4
(i) In the case of a vehicle registered under § 13–912 of this article, 5
there is affixed to any window of the vehicle any tinting materials added to the window 6
after manufacture of the vehicle that do not allow a light transmittance through the window 7
of at least 35%; and 8
(ii) In the case of a vehicle registered under § 13–913, § 13–917, or § 9
13–937 of this article, there is affixed to any window to the immediate right or left of the 10
driver any window tinting materials added after manufacture of the vehicle that do not 11
allow a light transmittance through the window of at least 35%. 12
(2) (I) If a police officer observes that a vehicle is being operated in 13
violation of paragraph (1) of this subsection, the officer may [stop the driver of the vehicle 14
and, in addition to]: 15
1. ENFORCE PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION O NLY 16
AS A SECONDARY ACTIO N WHEN THE POLICE OF FICER DETAINS A DRIV ER OF A 17
MOTOR VEHICLE FOR A SUSPECTED VIOLATION OF ANOTHER PROVISION OF THE 18
CODE; AND 19
2. A. ISSUE a citation charging the driver with the 20
offense[, issue]; OR 21
B. ISSUE to the driver a safety equipment repair order in 22
accordance with the provisions of § 23–105 of this article. 23
(II) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH 24
SUBPARAGRAPH (I)1 OF THIS PARAGRAPH : 25
1. MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE 26
DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST THE OFFICER ; AND 27
2. SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION 28
OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I)1 OF THIS PARAGRAPH INADM ISSIBLE IN ANY TRIAL OR 29
OTHER PROCEEDING . 30
22–602. 31
16 HOUSE BILL 635
(a) A person may not drive on a highway in this State any motor vehicle or 1
combination of vehicles of a type required to be registered under Title 13 of this article, in 2
a manner that, at any time, at any speed, or under any condition of grade, load, 3
acceleration, or deceleration, exceeds the maximum sound level limits established under § 4
22–601 of this subtitle for the operation of that type of motor vehicle or combination of 5
vehicles. 6
(b) An owner or lessee of a motor vehicle may not permit to be driven on a highway 7
in this State any motor vehicle or combination of vehicles of a type required to be registered 8
under Title 13 of this article, in a manner that, at any time, at any speed, or under any 9
condition of grade, load, acceleration, or deceleration, exceeds the maximum sound level 10
limits established under § 22–601 of this subtitle for the operation of that type of motor 11
vehicle or combination of vehicles. 12
(C) (1) A POLICE OFFI CER MAY ENFORCE THIS SECTION ONLY AS A 13
SECONDARY ACTION WHE N THE POLICE OFFICER DETAINS A DRIVER OF A MOTOR 14
VEHICLE FOR A SUSPEC TED VIOLATION OF ANO THER PROVISION OF TH E CODE. 15
(2) A POLICE OFFICER ’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH (1) 16
OF THIS SUBSECTION: 17
(I) MAY BE GROUNDS FOR AD MINISTRATIVE DISCIPL INARY 18
ACTION AGAINST THE O FFICER; AND 19
(II) SHALL MAKE ANY EVIDEN CE OBTAINED IN VIOLA TION OF 20
PARAGRAPH (1) OF THIS SUBSECTION I NADMISSIBLE IN ANY T RIAL OR OTHER 21
PROCEEDING . 22
SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 23
October 1, 2025. 24