SECONDREGULARSESSION
[PERFECTED]
HOUSECOMMITTEESUBSTITUTEFOR
HOUSEBILLNOS.2628&2603
102NDGENERALASSEMBLY
5403H.03P DANARADEMANMILLER,ChiefClerk
ANACT
Torepealsections407.1095,407.1098,407.1101,and407.1104,RSMo,andtoenactinlieu
thereofsixnewsectionsrelatingtoelectroniccommunications,withpenalty
provisions.
BeitenactedbytheGeneralAssemblyofthestateofMissouri,asfollows:
SectionA.Sections407.1095,407.1098,407.1101,and407.1104,RSMo,are
2repealedandsixnewsectionsenactedinlieuthereof,tobeknownassections115.645,
3407.1095,407.1098,407.1101,407.1104,and407.1115,toreadasfollows:
115.645.1.Forthepurposesofthissection,thefollowingtermsshallmean:
2 (1)"Deceptiveandfraudulentdeepfake",syntheticmediathatdepictsa
3candidateorpoliticalpartywiththeintenttoinjurethereputationofthecandidateor
4partyorotherwisedeceiveavoterthat:
5 (a)Appearstoareasonablepersontodepictarealindividualsayingordoing
6somethingthatdidnotactuallyoccur;or
7 (b)Providesareasonablepersonafundamentallydifferentunderstandingor
8impressionoftheappearance,action,orspeechofacandidateorpartythansuchperson
9wouldhavefromanunaltered,originalversionoftheimage,audiorecording,orvideo
10recording;
11 (2)"Syntheticmedia",animage,audiorecording,orvideorecordingofan
12individual'sappearance,speech,orconductthathasbeencreatedorintentionally
13manipulatedwiththeuseofgenerativeadversarialnetworktechniquesorotherdigital
14technologyinamannertocreatearealisticbutfalseimage,audio,orvideo.
EXPLANATION—Matterenclosedinbold-facedbrackets[thus] intheabovebillisnotenactedandis
intendedtobeomittedfromthelaw.Matterinbold-facetypeintheabovebillisproposedlanguage. 15 2.Exceptasprovidedinsubsection3ofthissection,aperson,corporation,
16committee,orotherentityshallnot,withinninetydaysofanelectionatwhicha
17candidateforelectiveofficewillappearontheballot,distributeasyntheticmedia
18messagethattheperson,corporation,committee,orotherentityknowsorshouldhave
19knownisadeceptiveandfraudulentdeepfakeofacandidateorpartyonthestateor
20localballot.
21 3.(1)Theprovisionsofsubsection2ofthissectionshallnotapplyiftheaudioor
22visualmediaincludesadisclosurestating:"This_______hasbeenmanipulatedor
23generatedbyartificialintelligence.".
24 (2)Theblankshallbefilledinwithwhicheverofthefollowingtermsmost
25accuratelydescribesthemedia:image,video,oraudio.
26 (3)Forvisualmedia,thetextofthedisclosureshallappearinasizenosmaller
27thanthelargestfontsizeofothertextappearinginthevisualmedia.Ifthevisualmedia
28doesnotincludeanyothertext,thedisclosureshallappearinasizethatiseasily
29readablebytheaverageviewer.Forvisualmediainvideoformat,thedisclosureshall
30appearforthedurationofthevideo.
31 (4)Ifthemediaconsistsofaudioonly,thedisclosureshallbereadinaclearly
32spokenmannerandinapitchthatcanbeeasilyheardbytheaveragelisteneratthe
33beginningoftheaudio,attheendoftheaudio,and,iftheaudioisgreaterthantwo
34minutesinlength,interspersedwithintheaudioatintervalsnottoexceedtwominutes
35inlength.
36 4.Acandidatewhoseappearance,action,orspeechisdepictedthroughtheuse
37ofadeceptiveandfraudulentdeepfakeinviolationofsubsection2ofthissectionmay
38seekinjunctiveorotherequitablereliefprohibitingthepublicationofsuchdeceptive
39andfraudulentdeepfake.
40 5.Apersonwhoviolatestheprovisionsofsubsection2ofthissectionmaybe
41subjecttothefollowingpenalties:
42 (1)AclassBmisdemeanor;
43 (2)AclassAmisdemeanorifthepersoncommitstheviolationwiththeintentto
44causeviolenceorbodilyharm;or
45 (3)AclassEfelonyifthepersoncommitstheviolationwithinfiveyearsofoneor
46morepriorconvictionsunderthissection.
47 6.Thissectionshallnotapplytoaradioortelevisionbroadcastingstation,
48includingacableorsatellitetelevisionoperator,programmer,orproducer,that
49broadcastsadeceptiveandfraudulentdeepfakeprohibitedbythissectionaspartofa
50bonafidenewscast,newsinterview,newsdocumentary,oron-the-spotcoverageofbona
51fidenewsevents,ifthebroadcastclearlyacknowledgesthroughcontentoradisclosure,
HCSHBs2628&2603 2 52inamannerthatcanbeeasilyheardorreadbytheaveragelistenerorviewer,thatthere
53arequestionsabouttheauthenticityofthemateriallydeceptiveaudioorvisualmedia.
54 7.Thissectionshallnotapplytoaradioortelevisionbroadcastingstation,
55includingacableorsatellitetelevisionoperator,programmer,orproducer,orwebsite
56developerorowner,whenitispaidtobroadcastadeceptiveandfraudulentdeepfake.
57Theresponsibilityandliabilityshallrestsolelywiththeadvertiserorentitythatpaidto
58broadcastthedeceptiveandfraudulentdeepfakeandnotwiththeradioortelevision
59broadcastingstationorwebsitedeveloperorownerdisseminatingthedeceptiveor
60fraudulentdeepfake.
61 8.Thissectionshallnotapplytoaninternetwebsiteoraregularlypublished
62newspaper,magazine,orotherperiodicalofgeneralcirculation,includinganinternetor
63electronicpublication,thatroutinelycarriesnewsandcommentaryofgeneralinterest
64andthatpublishesadeceptiveandfraudulentdeepfakeprohibitedbythissectionifthe
65publicationclearlystatesthattheaudioorvisualmediadoesnotaccuratelyrepresent
66thespeechorconductofthecandidate.
67 9.Thissectiondoesnotapplytomateriallydeceptiveaudioorvisualmediathat
68constitutessatireorparody.
407.1095.Asusedinsections407.1095to407.1110,thefollowingwordsandphrases
2mean:
3 (1)"Businesssubscriber",apersonorentitythat,forbusinessuse,has
4subscribedtotelephoneservice,wirelessservice,orothersimilarservice;
5 (2)"Callspoofing",thepracticebyacallingpartyoranycalleridentification
6serviceofknowinglytransmittingmisleadingorinaccuratecalleridentification
7informationwiththeintenttodefraud,causeharm,harass,orwrongfullyobtain
8anythingofvalue;
9 (3)"Calleridentificationservice",atypeoftelephoneservicewhichpermits
10telephonesubscriberstoseethetelephonenumberofincomingtelephonecalls;
11 [(2)](4)"Residentialsubscriber",apersonwho,for[primarily] personalandfamilial
12use,hassubscribedtoresidentialtelephoneservice,wirelessserviceorsimilarservice,orthe
13otherpersonslivingorresidingwithsuchperson;
14 [(3)](5)"Seller",thesameasdefinedinsection407.1070;
15 (6)"Telemarketer",thesameasdefinedinsection407.1070;
16 (7)"Telephonesolicitation",anyvoice,facsimile,shortmessagingservice(SMS),or
17multimediamessagingservice(MMS),forthepurposeofencouragingthepurchaseorrental
18of,orinvestmentin,property,goodsorservices,butdoesnotincludecommunications:
19 (a)Toanybusinesssubscriberorresidentialsubscriberwiththatsubscriber'sprior
20expressinvitationorpermission;
HCSHBs2628&2603 3 21 (b)Byoronbehalfofanypersonorentitywithwhomabusinesssubscriberor
22residentialsubscriberhashadabusinesscontactwithinthepastonehundredeightydaysora
23currentbusinessorpersonalrelationship;
24 (c)ByoronbehalfofanentityorganizedpursuanttoChapter501(c)(3)oftheUnited
25StatesInternalRevenueCode,whilesuchentityisengagedinfund-raisingtosupportthe
26charitablepurposeforwhichtheentitywasestablishedprovidedthatabonafidememberof
27suchexemptorganizationmakesthevoicecommunication;
28 (d)Byoronbehalfofanyentityoverwhichafederalagencyhasregulatoryauthority
29totheextentthat:
30 a.Subjecttosuchauthority,theentityisrequiredtomaintainalicense,permitor
31certificatetosellorprovidethemerchandisebeingofferedthroughtelemarketing;and
32 b.Theentityisrequiredbylaworruletodevelopandmaintainano-calllist;
33 (e)Byanaturalpersonrespondingtoareferral,orworkingfromhisorherprimary
34residence,orapersonlicensedbythestateofMissouritocarryoutatrade,occupationor
35professionwhoissettingorattemptingtosetanappointmentforactionsrelatingtothat
36licensedtrade,occupationorprofessionwithinthestateorcountiescontiguoustothestate.
407.1098.Nopersonorentityshallmakeorcausetobemadeanytelephone
2solicitation, includingviacallspoofing,toanybusinesssubscriberorresidentialsubscriber
3inthisstatewhohasgivennoticetotheattorneygeneral,inaccordancewithrules
4promulgatedpursuanttosection407.1101ofsuchsubscriber'sobjectiontoreceiving
5telephonesolicitations.
407.1101.1.Theattorneygeneralshallestablishandprovidefortheoperationofa
2databasetocompilealistoftelephonenumbersofbusinesssubscribersandresidential
3subscriberswhoobjecttoreceivingtelephonesolicitations.[Suchlistisnotintendedto
4includeanytelephonenumberprimarilyusedforbusinessorcommercialpurposes.]
5 2.Theattorneygeneralshallpromulgaterulesandregulationsgoverningthe
6establishmentofastateno-calldatabaseasheorshedeemsnecessaryandappropriatetofully
7implementtheprovisionsofsections407.1095to407.1110.Therulesandregulationsshall
8includethosewhich:
9 (1)Specifythemethodsbywhicheachbusinesssubscriberorresidentialsubscriber
10maygivenoticetotheattorneygeneraloritscontractorofhisorherobjectiontoreceiving
11suchsolicitationsorrevocationofsuchnotice.Thereshallbenocosttothesubscriberfor
12joiningthedatabase;
13 (2)Specifythelengthoftimeforwhichanoticeofobjectionshallbeeffectiveand
14theeffectofachangeoftelephonenumberonsuchnotice;
15 (3)Specifythemethodsbywhichsuchobjectionsandrevocationsshallbecollected
16andaddedtothedatabase;
HCSHBs2628&2603 4 17 (4)Specifythatonceapersongivesnoticeofobjection,thepersonshallnothave
18torenewhisorherobjection;
19 (5)Specifythemethodsbywhichanypersonorentitydesiringtomaketelephone
20solicitationswillobtainaccesstothedatabaseasrequiredtoavoidcallingthetelephone
21numbersofbusinesssubscribersorresidentialsubscribersincludedinthedatabase,
22includingthecostassessedtothatpersonorentityforaccesstothedatabase;and
23 [(5)](6)Specifysuchothermattersrelatingtothedatabasethattheattorneygeneral
24deemsdesirable.
25 3.IftheFederalCommunicationsCommissionestablishesasinglenationaldatabase
26oftelephonenumbersofsubscriberswhoobjecttoreceivingtelephonesolicitationspursuant
27to47U.S.C.Section227(c)(3),theattorneygeneralshallincludethatpartofsuchsingle
28nationaldatabasethatrelatestoMissouriinthedatabaseestablishedpursuanttothissection.
29 4.Informationcontainedinthedatabaseestablishedpursuanttothissectionshallbe
30usedonlyforthepurposeofcompliancewithsection407.1098andthissectionorina
31proceedingoractionpursuanttosection407.1107.Suchinformationshallnotbeconsidered
32apublicrecordpursuanttochapter610.
33 5.InApril,July,OctoberandJanuaryofeachyear,theattorneygeneralshallbe
34encouragedtoobtainsubscriptionlistingsofbusinesssubscribersandresidential
35subscribersinthisstatewhohavearrangedtobeincludedonanynationaldo-not-calllist
36andaddthosetelephonenumberstothestatedo-not-calllist.
37 6.Theattorneygeneralmayutilizemoneysappropriatedfromgeneralrevenueand
38moneysappropriatedfromthemerchandisingpracticesrevolvingfundestablishedinsection
39407.140forthepurposesofestablishingandoperatingthestateno-calldatabase.
40 7.Anyruleorportionofarule,asthattermisdefinedinsection536.010,thatis
41createdundertheauthoritydelegatedinsections407.1095to407.1110shallbecomeeffective
42onlyifitcomplieswithandissubjecttoalloftheprovisionsofchapter536and,ifapplicable,
43section536.028.Thissectionandchapter536arenonseverableandifanyofthepowers
44vestedwiththegeneralassemblypursuanttochapter536toreview,todelaytheeffectivedate
45ortodisapproveandannularulearesubsequentlyheldunconstitutional,thenthegrantof
46rulemakingauthorityandanyruleproposedoradoptedafterAugust28,2000,shallbeinvalid
47andvoid.
407.1104.1.Anypersonorentitywhomakesatelephonesolicitationtoany
2businesssubscriberorresidentialsubscriberinthisstateshall,atthebeginningofsuch
3solicitation,stateclearlytheidentityofthepersonorentityinitiatingthesolicitation.
4 2.Nopersonorentitywhomakesatelephonesolicitationtoabusinesssubscriber
5orresidentialsubscriberinthisstateshallknowinglyuseanymethod, includingcall
HCSHBs2628&2603 5 6spoofing,toblockorotherwisecircumventanysubscriber'suseofacalleridentification
7service.
407.1115.1.Thissectionshallbeknownandmaybecitedasthe"CallerID
2Anti-SpoofingAct".
3 2.Asusedinthissection,thefollowingtermsmean:
4 (1)"Call",anytelephonecall,facsimile,ortextmessagemadeusingapublic
5switchedtelephonenetwork,wirelesscellulartelephoneservice,orvoice-over-internet
6protocol(VoIP)servicethathasthecapabilityofaccessingusersonthepublicswitched
7telephonenetworkorasuccessornetwork;
8 (2)"Caller",apersonorentitywhoplacesacall,facsimile,ortextmessage,
9whetherbyphoneorcomputer;
10 (3)"Calleridentificationinformation",informationprovidedbyacaller
11identificationserviceregardingthetelephonenumberorotheroriginationinformation
12ofacallorfacsimiletransmissionmadeusingatelecommunicationsserviceoran
13interconnectedVoIPserviceorofatextmessagesentusingatext-messagingservice;
14 (4)"Calleridentificationservice",anyserviceordevicedesignedtoprovidethe
15useroftheserviceordevicewiththetelephonenumberorotheroriginationinformation
16ofacallorfacsimiletransmissionmadeusingatelecommunicationsserviceoran
17interconnectedVoIPserviceorofatextmessagesentusingatextmessagingservice.
18"Calleridentificationservice"includesautomaticnumberidentificationservices.
19 3.Acallercommitstheoffenseofcalleridentificationspoofingifthecaller:
20 (1)Entersorcausestobeenteredfalseinformationintoacalleridentification
21servicewiththemaliciousintenttodeceive,defraud,ormisleadtherecipientofacall;or
22 (2)Placesacallknowingthatfalseinformationwasenteredintothecaller
23identificationservicewiththeintenttodeceive,defraud,ormisleadtherecipientofthe
24call.
25 4.ThefirstoffenseofcalleridentificationspoofingshallbeaclassC
26misdemeanor.ThesecondandanysubsequentoffenseshallbeaclassAmisdemeanor.
27 5.Thissectionshallnotapplyto:
28 (1)Theblockingofcalleridentificationinformation;
29 (2)Anylawenforcementagencyofthefederal,state,county,ormunicipal
30government;
31 (3)Anyintelligenceorsecurityagencyofthefederalgovernment;or
32 (4)Acommunicationsserviceprovider,includingatelecommunications,
33broadband,orvoice-over-internetserviceproviderthat:
34 (a)Actsinthecommunicationsserviceprovider'scapacityasanintermediary
35forthetransmissionoftelephoneservicebetweenthecallerandtherecipient;
HCSHBs2628&2603 6 36 (b)Providesorconfiguresaserviceorservicefeatureasrequestedbythe
37customer;
38 (c)Actsinamannerthatisauthorizedorrequiredbyapplicablelaw;or
39 (d)Engagesinotherconductthatisnecessarytoprovideservice.
40 6.Therecipientofanycallinwhichthecallerusesfalsecalleridentification
41informationshallhavestandingtorecoveractualandpunitivedamagesagainstthe
42caller.Punitivedamagesshallbeinanamountdeterminedbythecourtbutnotto
43exceedfivethousanddollarspercall.Callrecipientsmaybringactionunderthissection
44asmembersofaclass.Theattorneygeneralmayinitiatelegalproceedingsorintervene
45inlegalproceedingsonbehalfofcallrecipientsand,ifthecallerisfoundguilty,shall
46recoverallcostsoftheinvestigationandprosecutionoftheaction.
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HCSHBs2628&2603 7