SECONDREGULARSESSION
HOUSEBILLNO.2791
102NDGENERALASSEMBLY
INTRODUCEDBYREPRESENTATIVEBAKER.
5130H.01I DANARADEMANMILLER,ChiefClerk
ANACT
Toamendchapter542,RSMo,byaddingtheretoonenewsectionrelatingtogeofence
warrants.
BeitenactedbytheGeneralAssemblyofthestateofMissouri,asfollows:
SectionA.Chapter542,RSMo,isamendedbyaddingtheretoonenewsection,tobe
2knownassection542.650,toreadasfollows:
542.650.1.Asusedinthissection,thefollowingtermsmean:
2 (1)"Anonymized"or"amnonymization",identifyinginformationconnectedto
3anelectronicdeviceinamannersuchthatthesubject,includinganindividual,
4household,device,orinternetprotocoladdress,isnotidentifiabletoalawenforcement
5agency;
6 (2)"Cellsite",transmissionorreceptionequipment,includingabase-station
7antenna,thatconnectsanelectronicdevicetoanetwork;
8 (3)"Cellsiterecord",anelectronicdevice'scellsitelocationinformationthat
9correspondstoaspecificcellsiteandtimeframe;
10 (4)"Committee",thecrimepreventioncommitteesofthesenateandthehouse
11ofrepresentatives;
12 (5)"Electronicdevice",adevicethatenablesaccesstooruseofalocation
13informationserviceorcanotherwisecreateorprovidelocationinformation;
14 (6)"Geofence",aspecifiedgeographicareadefinedbyavirtualperimeterorby
15geographiccoordinates;
16 (7)"Governmententity":
EXPLANATION—Matterenclosedinbold-facedbrackets[thus] intheabovebillisnotenactedandis
intendedtobeomittedfromthelaw.Matterinbold-facetypeintheabovebillisproposedlanguage. 17 (a)Astateorlocalagencyincluding,butnotlimitedto,alawenforcemententity
18oranyotherinvestigativeentity,agency,department,division,bureau,board,or
19commission,oranindividualactingorpurportingtoactfororonbehalfofastateor
20localagency;or
21 (b)Anindividualorentityactingfororonbehalfofanentitydescribedin
22subdivision(1)ofsubsection7ofthissection;
23 (8)"Identifyinginformation",informationtiedtoanelectronicdevicethat
24identifiestheuser'sorowner's:
25 (a)Name;
26 (b)Address;
27 (c)Phonenumber;
28 (d)Emailaddress;or
29 (e)Otherinformationthatwouldidentifytheuserorowneroftheelectronic
30device;
31 (9)"Locationinformation",informationconcerningthegeographicallocationof
32anelectronicdevicethat,inwholeorinpart,isgenerated,derivedfrom,orobtainedby
33theoperationofanelectronicdeviceortheoperationofasoftwareapplicationonan
34electronicdevice."Locationinformation"includespast,current,andfuturelocation
35information;
36 (10)"Reverselocationinformation",historicallocationinformationfor:
37 (a)Adefinedtimeperiod;
38 (b)Withinageographicarea;and
39 (c)Affectingmorethanoneelectronicdeviceofwhichtheidentitiesoftheusers
40orownersareunknowntolawenforcement;
41 (11)"Reverselocationwarrant",awarrantseekingreverselocationinformation
42undersubsection2,3,or4ofthissection.
43 2.(1)Exceptasprovidedinsubsection6ofthissection,foracriminal
44investigationorprosecution,alawenforcementagencyshallnotobtainreverselocation
45informationforelectronicdeviceswithinageofenceunless:
46 (a)Thelawenforcementagencyobtainsasearchwarrantasprovidedunderthis
47subsection;
48 (b)Theinvestigationorprosecutioninvolvesaviolentfelony;and
49 (c)Thelawenforcementagencyisabletodemonstrateanimminent,ongoing
50threattopublicsafety.
51 (2)Toobtainreverselocationinformationinsideofageofence,alaw
52enforcementagencyshall:
53 (a)Includewiththeswornwarrantapplication:
HB2791 2 54 a.Amaporothervisualdepictionthatrepresentsthegeofenceforwhichthe
55warrantisseekinginformation;and
56 b.Thefollowinglanguageatthebeginningoftheapplicationinalegiblefontno
57smallerthanothertextappearingintheapplication:
58 "NOTICE:Thiswarrantapplicationseeksjudicialauthorizationforthe
59disclosureofreverselocationinformationofelectronicdevicesnearacrimeator
60nearthetimeofthecrime.Ifauthorized,thewarrantallowslawenforcementtoobtain
61historicallocationinformationofalldeviceswithintheareadescribedinthewarrant
62duringthespecifiedtimefromentitiesinpossessionoftherelevantdata.Theelectronic
63devicescapturedinthewarrantmaybeownedorusedbybothallegedcriminal
64perpetratorsandindividualsnotinvolvedinthecommissionofacrime.Forthisreason,
65anywarrantissuedmustrequiretheanonymizationofalldevicesassociatedwiththe
66reverselocationinformation.";and
67 (b)Establishprobablecausetobelievethatevidenceofacrimewillbefound
68withinthegeofenceandwithinthespecifiedperiodoftime.
69 (3)Ifacourtgrantsawarrantundersubdivision(2)ofthissubsection,thecourt
70shallrequirethatallelectronicdevicedataprovidedunderthewarrantbeanonymized
71beforethereverselocationinformationisreleasedtothelawenforcementagency.
72 3.(1)Exceptasprovidedinsubsection6ofthissection,foracriminal
73investigationorprosecution,alawenforcementagencyshallnotobtainreverselocation
74informationbasedoncellsiterecordsunless:
75 (a)Thelawenforcementagencyobtainsasearchwarrantasprovidedunderthis
76subsection;
77 (b)Theinvestigationorprosecutioninvolvesaviolentfelony;and
78 (c)Thelawenforcementagencyisabletodemonstrateanimminent,ongoing
79threattopublicsafety.
80 (2)Toobtaincellsite-basedreverselocationinformation,alawenforcement
81agencyshall:
82 (a)Includewiththeswornwarrantapplication:
83 a.Avisualdepictionorwrittendescriptionthatidentifies:
84 (i)Thecrimescenelocationandanyotherareasofinterestrelatedtothecrime;
85 (ii)Thelocationofcellsitesfromwhichthereverselocationinformationis
86sought;and
87 (iii)Thedistancebetweenthelocationsdescribedinitems(i)and(ii)ofthis
88subparagraph;and
89 b.Thefollowinglanguageatthebeginningoftheapplicationinalegiblefontno
90smallerthanothertextappearingintheapplication:
HB2791 3 91 "NOTICE:Thiswarrantapplicationseeksjudicialauthorizationforthe
92disclosureofreverse-locationinformationofelectronicdevicesnearacrimeator
93nearthetimeofthecrime.Ifauthorized,thewarrantallowslawenforcementtoobtain
94historicallocationinformationofalldeviceswithintheareadescribedinthewarrant
95duringthespecifiedtimefromentitiesinpossessionoftherelevantdata.Theelectronic
96devicescapturedinthewarrantmaybeownedorusedbybothallegedcriminal
97perpetratorsandindividualsnotinvolvedinthecommissionofacrime.Forthisreason,
98anywarrantissuedmustrequiretheanonymizationofalldevicesassociatedwiththe
99reverselocationinformation.";and
100 (b)Establishprobablecausetobelievethatevidenceofacrimewillbefound
101withinthecellsiterecordsdescribedinsubparagrapha.ofparagraph(a)ofthis
102subdivisionandwithinaspecifiedperiodoftime.
103 (3)Ifacourtgrantsawarrantundersubdivision(2)ofthissubsection,thecourt
104shallrequirethatallelectronicdevicedataprovidedunderthewarrantbeanonymized
105beforethereverselocationinformationisreleasedtothelawenforcementagency.
106 4.(1)If,afterexecutingawarrantdescribedinsubsection2or3ofthissection,
107alawenforcementagencyseekstoobtainreverselocationinformationbeyondthe
108parametersofthewarrantobtainedundersubsection2or3ofthissection,thelaw
109enforcementagencyshall:
110 (a)Includeintheswornwarrantapplicationthespecificelectronicdevices
111identifiedintheanonymizeddataforwhichthelawenforcementagencyseeks
112additionalreverselocationinformation;
113 (b)Establishprobablecausetobelievethatevidenceofacrimewillbefound
114withinaspecifiedperiodoftime;and
115 (c)Affirmthatthecrimedescribedinparagraph(b)ofthissubdivisionis:
116 a.Thesamecrimeordirectlyrelatedtothecrimethatwasthesubjectofthe
117warrantobtainedundersubsection2or3ofthissection;or
118 b.Acrimesubjecttothejudiciallyrecognizedplainviewexceptiontothe
119warrantrequirement.
120 (2)Ifacourtgrantsawarrantundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsection,thecourt
121shallrequirethatallelectronicdevicedataprovidedunderthewarrantbeanonymized
122beforethereverselocationinformationisreleasedtothelawenforcementagency.
123 5.Toobtainidentifyinginformationforanelectronicdeviceidentifiedundera
124warrantobtainedundersubsection2,3,or4ofthissection,alawenforcementagency
125shallestablishintheswornwarrantapplicationprobablecausetobelievethatthe
126electronicdevicewasusedorotherwiseimplicatedinacrime.
HB2791 4 127 6.(1)Notwithstandinganyotherprovisionoflaw,alawenforcementagency
128mayobtainreverselocationinformationwithoutawarrant:
129 (a)Inaccordancewithstatelaw;or
130 (b)Inaccordancewithajudiciallyrecognizedexceptiontowarrant
131requirement.
132 (2)Nothinginthissection:
133 (a)Limitsoraffectsthedisclosureofpublicrecordsunderchapter610;
134 (b)Affectstherightsofanemployeroranadministrativerule;or
135 (c)Limitstheabilityofalawenforcementagencytoreceiveoruseinformation
136fromtheNationalCenterforMissingandExploitedChildrenunder18U.S.C.Sec.
1372258Awithoutawarrantorsubpoena.
138 7.(1)(a)Alawenforcementagencyshallnotuse,copy,ordisclose,forany
139purpose,reverselocationinformationobtainedunderawarrantobtainedunder
140subsection2,3,or4ofthissectionthatis:
141 a.Notrelatedtothecrimethatisthesubjectofthewarrant;and
142 b.Collectedaspartofanefforttoobtainthereverselocationinformationofan
143electronicdevicethatisrelatedtothecrimethatisthesubjectofthewarrantobtained
144undersubsection2,3,or4ofthissection.
145 (b)Thelawenforcementagencyshalldestroyinanunrecoverablemannerthe
146reverselocationinformationdescribedinparagraph(a)ofthissubdivisionassoonas
147reasonablypracticableafterthecriminalcaseisdeclinedforprosecutionor,ifcriminal
148chargesarefiled,thefinaldispositionofthecriminalcase.
149 (2)(a)Reverselocationinformationobtainedundersubsection2,3,or4ofthis
150sectionshallnotbe:
151 a.Comparedwith,mergedwith,linkedto,orinanywayelectronicallyor
152otherwiseconnectedto,asourceofelectronicdata,includingadatabaseorfile,
153containingoneormorepointsofdatathatincludesthelocationinformationprovidedby
154anelectronicdevice;or
155 b.Usedinanyothercriminalinvestigationorprosecution.
156 (b)Subparagrapha.ofparagraph(a)ofthissubdivisionshallnotapplyifallthe
157electronicdata,includingthereverselocationinformation,isobtainedforthepurpose
158ofinvestigatingthesamecriminalincident.
159 (3)Apersonorentitythatprovidesreverselocationinformationunderthis
160sectionshallensurethatthereverselocationinformationisanonymizedbeforethe
161reverselocationinformationisprovidedtoalawenforcementagency.
162 8.(1)(a)Exceptasprovidedinparagraph(b)ofthissubdivisionorsubdivision
163(2)ofthissubsection,alawenforcementagencythatexecutesawarrantunder
HB2791 5 164subsection5ofthissectionshallserveanoticedescribedinsubdivision(3)ofthis
165subsectionontheowneroftheelectronicdeviceforwhichidentifyinginformationwas
166obtained:
167 a.Withinninetydaysafterthedayonwhichtheidentifyinginformationwas
168obtainedbythelawenforcementagency,butinnocasemorethanthreedaysafterthe
169dayonwhichtheinvestigationwasconcluded;or
170 b.Iftheowneroftheelectronicdeviceforwhichtheidentifyinginformation
171specifiedinthewarrantisunknowntothelawenforcementagency,withinninetydays
172afterthedayonwhichthelawenforcementagencyidentifies,orreasonablycould
173identify,theowner.
174 (b)Alawenforcementagencyshallnotberequiredtoserveanoticedescribedin
175paragraph(a)ofthissubdivisiontotheowneroftheelectronicdeviceforwhich
176identifyinginformationwasobtainediftheownerresidesoutsideoftheUnitedStates.
177 (2)(a)a.Alawenforcementagencyseekingawarrantinaccordancewith
178subsection5ofthissectionmaysubmitarequest,andthecourtmaygrantpermission,
179todelayserviceofthenoticerequiredundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsectionfora
180periodnottoexceedthirtydaysifthecourtdeterminesthatthereisreasonablecauseto
181believethatthenotificationmay:
182 (i)Endangerthelifeorphysicalsafetyofanindividual;
183 (ii)Causeapersontofleefromprosecution;
184 (iii)Leadtothedestructionofortamperingwithevidence;
185 (iv)Intimidateapotentialwitness;or
186 (v)Otherwiseseriouslyjeopardizeaninvestigationorundulydelayatrial.
187 b.Whenadelayofnotificationisgrantedundersubparagrapha.ofparagraph
188(a)ofthissubdivisionanduponapplicationbythelawenforcementagency,thecourt
189maygrantadditionalextensionsofuptothirtydayseach.
190 (b)a.Alawenforcementagencythatseeksawarrantinaccordancewith
191subsection5ofthissectionmaysubmitarequesttothecourt,andthecourtmaygrant
192permission,todelayserviceofthenoticerequiredundersubdivision(1)ofthis
193subsectionifthepurposeofdelayingthenotificationistoapprehendanindividual:
194 (i)Whoisafugitivefromjustice;and
195 (ii)Forwhomanarrestwarranthasbeenissuedforaviolentfelonyoffense.
196 b.(i)Thecourtmaygranttherequestundersubparagrapha.ofparagraph(b)
197ofthissubdivisiontodelaynotificationuntiltheindividualwhoisafugitivefromjustice
198isapprehendedbythelawenforcementagency.
199 (ii)Alawenforcementagencyshallservicethenoticerequiredundersubdivision
200(1)ofthissubsectiontotheowneroftheelectronicdevicewithinfourteendaysafterthe
HB2791 6 201dayonwhichthelawenforcementagencyapprehendstheindividualdescribedin
202subparagrapha.ofparagraph(b)ofthissubdivision.
203 (3)Anoticerequiredundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsectionshallinclude:
204 (a)Acopyofthewarrant;and
205 (b)Awrittenstatementidentifying:
206 a.Theoffensespecifiedinthewarrantapplication;
207 b.Theidentityofthelawenforcementagencythatfiledtheapplication;
208 c.Thedateonwhichthelocationinformationoridentifyinginformationwas
209obtained;and
210 d.Thenumberandlengthofanyauthorizeddelaysinservingthenotice
211requiredundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsection,including,ifapplicable,thenameof
212thecourtthatauthorizedthedelayandareferencetotheprovisionofthissectionthat
213permittedthedelay.
214 (4)Alawenforcementagencyshallservethenoticerequiredundersubdivision
215(1)ofthissubsectiontotheowneroftheelectronicdeviceby:
216 (a)Personalserviceontheowner;
217 (b)First-classmailtotheowner'slastknownaddress;or
218 (c)Otherreasonablemeansiftheowner'slastknownaddressisunknown.
219 9.Reverselocationinformationoridentifyinginformationobtainedinviolation
220oftheprovisionsofthissectionshallbesubjecttotherulesgoverningexclusionasifthe
221recordswereobtainedinviolationoftheFourthAmendmenttotheUnitedStates
222ConstitutionandArticleI,Section15oftheConstitutionofMissouri.
223 10.(1)(a)BeginningJanuary1,2025,alawenforcementagencyorany
224governmententitythatobtainedareverselocationwarrantshallannuallysubmita
225reportonorbeforeAprilthirtiethtothecommitteewiththefollowingdataforthe
226previouscalendaryear:
227 a.Thenumberofreverselocationwarrantsrequestedbythelawenforcement
228agencyundersubsection2,3,or4ofthissection;
229 b.Thenumberofreverselocationwarrantsthatacourtgrantedafterarequest
230describedinsubparagrapha.ofthisparagraph;
231 c.Thenumberofinvestigationsthatusedinformationobtainedunderareverse
232locationwarranttoinvestigateacrimethatwasnotthesubjectofthereverselocation
233warrant;
234 d.Thenumberoftimesreverselocationinformationwasobtainedunderan
235exceptionlistedinsubsection6ofthissection;
236 e.Thewarrantidentificationnumberforeachwarrantdescribedunder
237subparagraphb.orc.ofthisparagraph;and
HB2791 7 238 f.Thenumberofelectronicdevicesforwhichanonymizedelectronicdevicedata
239wasobtainedundereachreverselocationwarrantdescribedundersubparagraphb.of
240thisparagraph.
241 (b)Alawenforcementagencyshallcompilethereportdescribedinparagraph
242(a)ofthissubdivisionforeachyearinthestandardizedformatdevelopedbythe
243committeeundersubdivision(3)ofthissubsection.
244 (2)Ifareverselocationwarrantisrequestedbyamultijurisdictionalteamoflaw
245enforcementofficers,thereportingrequirementinthissubsectionshallbethe
246responsibilityofthecommandingagencyorgoverningauthorityofthe
247multijurisdictionalteam.
248 (3)Thecommitteeshall:
249 (a)Developastandardizedformatforreportingthedatadescribedin
250subdivision(1)ofthissubsection;
251 (b)Compilethedatasubmittedundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsection;and
252 (c)AnnuallyonorbeforeAugustfirst,makepubliclyavailableareportofthe
253datadescribedinsubdivision(1)ofthissubsection.
âś”
HB2791 8