GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NOR TH CAROLINA
SESSION 2025
S 1
SENATE BILL 492
Short Title: Single Stair Bldg. Code Reform. (Public)
Sponsors: Senators Mayfield and Moffitt (Primary Sponsors).
Referred to: Rules and Operations of the Senate
March 26, 2025
*S492 -v-1*
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED 1
AN ACT TO AMEND THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUILDING CODE TO 2
AUTHORIZE SINGLE-EXIT STAIRWAYS IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. 3
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts: 4
SECTION 1.(a) Definitions. – For purposes of this act, the following definitions 5
apply: 6
(1) Building Code. – The North Carolina Building Code. 7
(2) Building Code Council. – The North Carolina Building Code Council. 8
(3) Group R-2 occupancy. – A multifamily residential building, as defined in the 9
Building Code. This does not include three- and four-family dwellings under 10
the rulemaking authority of the North Carolina Residential Code Council. 11
(4) Qualifying R-2 building. – A Group R-2 occupancy building that contains 12
between five and 32 dwelling units, having a total height of 75 feet or less 13
above grade plane, and located solely on an individual lot. 14
SECTION 1.(b) Temporary Provisions. – Until the effective date of the permanent 15
code amendments that the Building Code Council is required to adopt pursuant to subsection (d) 16
of this section, the following shall apply: 17
(1) With respect to qualifying R-2 buildings as defined in subsection (a) of this 18
section, the Building Code Council and all local government officials 19
enforcing the Building Code shall apply the provisions in subsection (c) of 20
this section regarding single-exit stairway requirements. 21
(2) The Building Code Council shall adopt permanent rules for qualifying R-2 22
buildings as set forth in subsection (d) of this section. 23
SECTION 1.(c) Single-Exit Stairway for Qualifying R-2 Buildings. – 24
Notwithstanding any other provision of the Building Code or law to the contrary, the Building 25
Code Council shall amend the Building Code to allow a qualifying R-2 building, as defined in 26
subsection (a) of this section, to be served by a single-exit stairway in lieu of multiple exits, 27
provided the building meets either the requirements for mid-rise single-exit buildings in 28
subdivision (1) of this subsection or the requirements for low-rise single-exit buildings in 29
subdivision (2) of this subsection, and meets all additional universal requirements set forth in 30
subdivision (3) of this subsection, described as follows: 31
(1) Mid-rise single-exit buildings. – A qualifying R-2 building may be served by 32
a single exit if all of the following are satisfied: 33
a. The building has no more than eight total stories and has no more than 34
seven stories above grade plane. 35
b. There shall be no more than four dwelling units on any floor. 36 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025
Page 2 Senate Bill 492-First Edition
c. The building shall be of not less than two-hour fire-resistance-rated 1
construction and shall be equipped throughout with an NFPA 13 2
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 of the 3
Building Code. Residential-type sprinklers shall be used in all 4
habitable spaces in each dwelling unit. 5
(2) Low-rise single-exit buildings. – A qualifying R-2 building may be served by 6
a single exit if all of the following are satisfied: 7
a. The building has no more than three total stories, of which no more 8
than two stories are above grade plane. 9
b. There shall be no more than six dwelling units on any floor. 10
c. The building shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistance-rated 11
construction or be equipped throughout with an NFPA 13 automatic 12
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 of the Building 13
Code. Residential-type sprinklers shall be used in all habitable spaces 14
in each dwelling unit. 15
(3) Universal requirements for all qualifying R-2 buildings. – A building meeting 16
the requirements of either subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection shall also 17
comply with all of the following to be eligible to be constructed with no more 18
than one egress stair: 19
a. Stairway type. – An exterior stairway or an interior exit stairway shall 20
be provided. Any interior exit stairway, including any related exit 21
passageway, shall be pressurized in accordance with Section 909.20 22
of the Building Code or an alternative design approved by a licensed 23
engineer that achieves an equivalent result. Doors in the stairway shall 24
swing into the interior exit stairway regardless of occupant load 25
served. Doors leading from the stairway to the building exterior are 26
permitted to swing in the direction of exit travel. 27
b. Corridor separation. – A continuous corridor or exit passageway shall 28
separate each dwelling unit entry or exit door from the door to an 29
interior exit stairway or any related exit passageway. A dwelling unit 30
door shall not open directly into an interior exit stairway but may open 31
directly to an exterior stairway. 32
c. Travel distance to stairway. – There shall be no more than 20 feet of 33
travel from the entry or exit door of any dwelling unit to the nearest 34
entrance of the exit stairway. 35
d. Total travel distance. – The total travel distance, measured in 36
accordance with Section 1017 of the Building Code, from the most 37
remote point within any dwelling unit to an exit discharge shall not 38
exceed 125 feet. 39
e. Egress courts. – The exit serving the qualifying R-2 building shall not 40
terminate in an egress court where the court depth exceeds the court 41
width unless it is possible to exit in either direction to the public way. 42
f. Elevators. – Elevators shall be pressurized in accordance with Section 43
909.21 of the Building Code, shall open into elevator lobbies that 44
comply with Section 3006 of the Building Code, or use an alternative 45
design approved by a licensed engineer that achieves an equivalent 46
result. Where approved by the code-enforcement official, natural 47
ventilation is permitted to be substituted for pressurization if it 48
prevents the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases. 49
g. Other occupancies. – Other occupancies in the same building are 50
permitted only if they comply with all requirements of the Building 51 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025
Senate Bill 492-First Edition Page 3
Code and do not communicate with the Group R-2 occupancy portion 1
of the building or with the single-exit stairway. Parking garages and 2
occupied roofs accessory to the Group R-2 occupancy are permitted to 3
communicate with the exit stairway. 4
h. Exit discharge. – The exit serving the qualifying R-2 building shall not 5
discharge through any other occupancy, including any accessory 6
parking garage. 7
i. Openings. – There shall be no openings within 10 feet of any 8
unprotected opening into the exit stairway, other than required exit 9
doors having a minimum one-hour fire-resistance rating. 10
(4) Means-of-egress requirements. – A qualifying R-2 building meeting the 11
requirements of either subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection and subdivision 12
(3) of this subsection shall be deemed to comply with the means-of-egress 13
requirements for exit stairways under the North Carolina Fire Code and any 14
applicable local ordinances. 15
SECTION 1.(d) Additional Rulemaking Authority. – Notwithstanding 16
G.S. 150B-19(4), the Building Code Council shall adopt rules to amend the Building Code in a 17
manner substantively identical with subsection (c) of this section, including modifications needed 18
to incorporate qualifying R-2 buildings as defined in subdivision (a)(4) of this section, and to 19
make conforming changes throughout the Building Code. Rules adopted pursuant to this section 20
are not subject to Part 3 of Article 2A of Chapter 150B of the General Statutes. Rules adopted 21
pursuant to this section shall become effective as provided in G.S. 150B-21.3(b1), as though 10 22
or more written objections had been received as provided in G.S. 150B-21.3(b2). 23
SECTION 1.(e) Sunset. – This section expires on the date that permanent rules 24
adopted as required by subsection (d) of this section become effective. 25
SECTION 2. Effective Date. – This act is effective when it becomes law. 26