25.0908.02000
Sixty-ninth
Legislative Assembly
of North Dakota
Introduced by
Representatives Holle, Dobervich, Headland, Henderson, Koppelman, Tveit, Brandenburg
Senators Lemm, Magrum
A BILL for an Act to create and enact a new chapter to title 12.1 of the North Dakota Century
Code, relating to surveillance and animal harassment with a robot; and to provide a penalty.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF NORTH DAKOTA:
SECTION 1. A new chapter to title 12.1 of the North Dakota Century Code is created and
enacted as follows:
Definitions.
As used in this chapter:
1."Harass" means engaging in behavior that annoys, threatens, or intimidates an animal,
causing a change in behavior due to stress or perceived harm.
2."Livestock" includes beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep, swine, poultry, horses, bison, elk,
fur animals raised for their pelts, and any other animals that are raised, fed, or
produced as a part of farming or ranching activities.
3."Robot" means an artificial object or system that senses, processes, and acts using
technology, including the associated elements, communication links, and artificial
intelligence. The term includes remotely piloted aircraft.
Surveillance by robot - Penalty.
1.An individual may not use a robot to:
a.Conduct surveillance of another individual, a residence occupied by another
individual, or any private real property, whether owned or rented.
b.Photograph another individual under circumstances in which that individual has a
reasonable expectation of privacy.
2.This section does not apply to:
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22 Sixty-ninth
Legislative Assembly
a.Law enforcement activity in accordance with chapter 29 - 29.4.
b.Surveillance conducted in accordance with the exceptions under section
29 - 29.4 - 04.
c.An individual conducting surveillance or photographing another individual or
another individual's real property, whether owned or rented, with that individual's
consent.
d.An individual photographing an event open to the public.
3.An individual who violates this section is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
Harassment by robot - Livestock and wildlife - Penalty.
1.An individual may not intentionally or recklessly harass livestock with a robot. An
individual who violates this subsection is guilty of a class B misdemeanor.
2.An individual who harasses livestock with a robot, causing physical injury or death to
livestock, is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
3.An individual may not intentionally harass wildlife with a robot. An individual who
violates this subsection is guilty of a class B misdemeanor.
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