25.0746.01002
Title.02000
Adopted by the Judiciary Committee
Sixty-ninth
February 12, 2025
Legislative Assembly
of North Dakota
Introduced by
Representatives Hendrix, Bolinske, VanWinkle, K. Anderson, M. Ruby, McLeod, Frelich,
Steiner
Senators Boehm, Paulson, Castaneda, Clemens
A BILL for an Act to create and enact a new section to chapter 51-07 of the North Dakota
Century Code, relating to a commercial entity's liability for publishing or distributing sexual
material harmful to a minor; to provide a penalty; and to provide for application.for an Act to
create and enact a new section to chapter 51-07 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to
a covered platform's liability for publishing or distributing sexual material harmful to a minor; and
to provide a penalty.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF NORTH DAKOTA:
SECTION 1. A new section to chapter 51-07 of the North Dakota Century Code is created
and enacted as follows:
Liability for publishing or distributing sexual material harmful to minors - Age
verification requirement - Damages.
1. As used in this section:
a. "Commercial entity" includes a corporation, limited liability company, partnership,
limited partnership, sole proprietorship, or other legally recognized business
entity.
b. "Distribute" means to issue, sell, give, provide, deliver, transfer, transmute,
circulate, or disseminate by any means.
c. "Minor" means an individual under eighteen years of age.
d. "News-gathering organization" means an employee of a:
Page No. 1 25.0746.01002
HOUSE BILL NO. 1593
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 Sixty-ninth
Legislative Assembly
(1) Newspaper, news publication, or news source, printed or on an online or
mobile platform, of current news and public interest, who is acting within the
scope of employment and can provide documentation of employment with
the newspaper, news publication, or news source; or
(2) Radio broadcast station, television broadcast station, cable television
operator, or wire service, who is acting within the scope of employment and
can provide documentation of employment with the radio broadcast station,
television broadcast station, cable television operator, or wire service.
e. "Publish" means to communicate or make information available to another person
on a publicly available internet website.
f. "Reasonable age verification methods" includes verifying the individual seeking to
access the material is eighteen years of age or older by using:
(1) A digitized identification card; or
(2) Requiring the individual attempting to access the material to comply with a
commercial age verification system including the use of:
(a) Government-issued identification; or
(b) Any commercially reasonable method that relies on public or private
transactional data to verify the age of the individual attempting to
access the information is eighteen years of age or older.
g. "Sexual material harmful to a minor" includes material that:
(1) The average individual applying contemporary community standards would
find, taking the material as a whole and with respect to a minor, is designed
to appeal to or pander to the prurient interest;
(2) In a manner patently offensive with respect to a minor, exploits, is devoted
to, or principally consists of descriptions of actual, simulated, or animated
displays or depictions of:
(a) An individual's pubic hair, anus, genitals, or the nipple of the female
breast;
(b) Touching, caressing, or fondling of nipples, breasts, buttocks, anuses,
or genitals; or
Page No. 2 25.0746.01002
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30 Sixty-ninth
Legislative Assembly
(c) Sexual intercourse, masturbation, sodomy, bestiality, oral copulation,
flagellation, excretory functions, exhibitions, or any other sexual act;
and
(3) Taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value
for a minor.
h. "Substantial portion" means if more than thirty-three and one-third percent of total
material on a website is sexual material harmful to a minor.
i. "Transactional data" means a sequence of information that documents an
exchange, agreement, or transfer between an individual, commercial entity, or
third party used for the purpose of satisfying a request or event. The term
includes records from mortgage, education, and employment entities.
2. A commercial entity that knowingly publishes or distributes sexual material harmful to
a minor on the internet from a website that contains a substantial portion of the
material must be held liable if the entity fails to perform reasonable age verification
methods to verify the age of an individual attempting to access the material.
3. A commercial entity or third party that performs the required age verification may not
retain any identifying information of the individual after access has been granted to the
material.
4. A commercial entity found to have violated subsection 2 or 3 is liable for damages.
5. A civil action may be brought against any commercial entity, or third party that
performs the required age verification on behalf of the commercial entity, by:
a. A parent or guardian whose minor child was allowed access to the material in
violation of subsection 2; or
b. An individual whose identifying information is retained in violation of subsection 3.
6. An individual authorized to bring a civil action under subsection 5 may seek and the
court may award:
a. An injunction to enjoin continued violation of this section;
b. Compensatory and exemplary damages; and
c. Costs and fees, including reasonable attorney fees.
Page No. 3 25.0746.01002
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29 Sixty-ninth
Legislative Assembly
7. This section does not apply to any bona fide news or public interest broadcast,
website video, report, or event, and may not be construed to affect the rights of any
news-gathering organization.
8. An internet service provider or its affiliates or subsidiaries, a search engine, or a cloud
service provider may not be held to have violated this section solely for providing
access or connection to or from a website or other information or content on the
internet or a facility, system, or network not under the provider's control, including
transmission, downloading, intermediate storage, access software, or other forms of
access or storage to the extent the provider is not responsible for the creation of the
content of the communication that constitutes sexual material harmful to a minor.
SECTION 2. APPLICATION. This Act applies to websites accessed on or after the effective
date of this Act.
SECTION 1. A new section to chapter 51-07 of the North Dakota Century Code is created
and enacted as follows:
Liability for publishing or distributing sexual material harmful to minors - Age
verification requirements - Damages.
1. As used in this section:
a. "Covered platform" means an entity that is a website that in the regular course of
business creates, hosts, or makes available content that meets the definition of
material harmful to a minor.
b. "Distribute" means to issue, sell, give, provide, deliver, transfer, transmute,
circulate, or disseminate by any means.
c. "Minor" means an individual under eighteen years of age.
d . "Publish" means to communicate or make information available to another person
on a publicly available internet website.
e . " Reasonable age verification methods" includes verifying the individual seeking to
access the material is eighteen years of age or older by using:
(1) A state-issued operator's license;
(2) A state-issued identification;
(3) A g overnment-issued identification;
(4) A d igital identification;
Page No. 4 25.0746.01002
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31 Sixty-ninth
Legislative Assembly
(5) A c redit card or debit card;
(6) Bank account information; or
(7) Any commercially reasonable method that reliably and accurately can verify
a user attempting to access a covered platform is a minor and prevent
access by minors to the context on a covered platform .
f . "Sexual material harmful to a minor" includes material that:
(1) The average individual applying contemporary community standards would
find, taking the material as a whole and with respect to a minor, is designed
to appeal to or pander to the prurient interest;
(2) In a manner patently offensive with respect to a minor, exploits, is devoted
to, or principally consists of descriptions of actual, simulated, or animated
displays or depictions of:
(a ) An individual's pubic hair, anus, genitals, or the nipple of the female
breast;
(b ) Touching, caressing, or fondling of nipples, breasts, buttocks, anuses,
or genitals; or
(c ) Sexual intercourse, masturbation, sodomy, bestiality, oral copulation,
flagellation, excretory functions, exhibitions, or any other sexual act;
(3) Taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value
for a minor ; and
(4) Is obscene, indecent, or child pornography .
2. A covered platform that knowingly publishes or distributes sexual material harmful to a
minor on the internet from a website must be held liable if the entity fails to perform
reasonable age verification methods to verify the age of an individual attempting to
access the material and fails to prevent access to the material by a minor.
3. A covered platform shall apply due diligence based on available technology and may
not rely solely on the internet protocol address to confirm the location of an individual
seeking to access the material.
4. This section only applies to a minor who i s a permanent resident in this state and h as
been present in the state for at least thirty - one consecutive days.
Page No. 5 25.0746.01002
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30 Sixty-ninth
Legislative Assembly
5 . A covered platform or third party must ensure that a reasonable age verification
method is designed to anonymize an individual' s identity, may not retain any
identifying information of the individual after access has been granted to the material ,
and be incapable of being used to create a record of the individual's online activi ty .
6. A covered platform found to have violated subsection 2 or 3 is liable for damages and
subject to a fine of ten thousand dollars for each day the violation occurs.
7 . The attorney general shall enforce this section.
8. A civil action may be brought against any covered platform, or third party that performs
the required age verification on behalf of the covered platform, by:
a. A parent or guardian whose minor child was allowed access to the material in
violation of subsection 2; or
b. An individual whose identifying information is retained in violation of subsection 5 .
9. An individual authorized to bring a civil action under subsection 8 may seek and the
court may award:
a. An injunction to enjoin continued violation of this section;
b. Compensatory and exemplary damages; and
c. Costs and fees, including reasonable attorney fees.
10. This section does not apply to any bona fide news or public interest broadcast,
website video, report, or event, and may not be construed to affect the rights of any
news-gathering organization.
11. An internet service provider or its affiliates or subsidiaries, a search engine, a cloud
service provider , or an application store may not be held to have violated this section
solely for providing access or connection to or from a website or other information or
content on the internet or a facility, system, or network not under the provider's control,
including transmission, downloading, intermediate storage, access software, or other
forms of access or storage to the extent the provider is not responsible for the creation
of the content of the communication that constitutes sexual material harmful to a
minor.
Page No. 6 25.0746.01002
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28