(Reprinted with amendments adopted on June 5, 2023) THIRD REPRINT S.B. 60 - *SB60_R3* SENATE BILL NO. 60–COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATIVE OPERATIONS AND ELECTIONS (ON BEHALF OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE) PREFILED NOVEMBER 16, 2022 ____________ Referred to Committee on Legislative Operations and Elections SUMMARY—Revises provisions relating to campaign practices. (BDR 24-412) FISCAL NOTE: Effect on Local Government: May have Fiscal Impact. Effect on the State: Yes. ~ EXPLANATION – Matter in bolded italics is new; matter between brackets [omitted material] is material to be omitted. AN ACT relating to elections; defining the term “inaugural committee”; requiring an inaugural committee to report certain contributions and expenditures; requiring a candidate who is elected to a constitutional office to report certain contributions and expenditures for a certain period preceding the election and preceding the next regular legislative session; prohibiting a foreign national form making a contribution or commitment to make a contribution to an inaugural committee; and providing other matters properly relating thereto. Legislative Counsel’s Digest: Existing law requires certain persons who make independent expenditures and 1 certain committees for political action, political parties and committees sponsored 2 by a political party which receives certain contributions or makes certain 3 expenditures to report such contributions and expenditures. (NRS 294A.140, 4 294A.150, 294A.210, 294A.220, 294A.230) Section 24 of this bill requires an 5 inaugural committee to report certain contributions and expenditures. 6 Section 23 of this bill defines the term “inaugural committee.” 7 Existing law requires a candidate for office at a primary election or general 8 election to report certain contributions made during the election year. (NRS 9 294A.120) Section 25 of this bill requires a candidate who has been elected to a 10 constitutional office to report certain contributions and expenditures in relation to 11 the transition to the constitutional office. 12 Section 22 of this bill defines the terms “constitutional office” and 13 “constitutional officer.” 14 – 2 – - *SB60_R3* Section 26 of this bill makes a conforming change to indicate the proper 15 placement of sections 22 and 23 in the Nevada Revised Statutes. 16 Section 27 of this bill prohibits a foreign national from making a contribution 17 or a commitment to make a contribution to an inaugural committee. 18 Sections 28-31 of this bill make conforming changes to incorporate the 19 requirements of sections 24 and 25 into existing law governing campaign 20 practices. 21 THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEMBLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. (Deleted by amendment.) 1 Sec. 1.5. (Deleted by amendment.) 2 Sec. 1.7. (Deleted by amendment.) 3 Sec. 1.8. (Deleted by amendment.) 4 Sec. 2. (Deleted by amendment.) 5 Sec. 3. (Deleted by amendment.) 6 Sec. 3.5. (Deleted by amendment.) 7 Sec. 4. (Deleted by amendment.) 8 Sec. 5. (Deleted by amendment.) 9 Sec. 6. (Deleted by amendment.) 10 Sec. 6.1. (Deleted by amendment.) 11 Sec. 6.15. (Deleted by amendment.) 12 Sec. 6.2. (Deleted by amendment.) 13 Sec. 6.23. (Deleted by amendment.) 14 Sec. 6.24. (Deleted by amendment.) 15 Sec. 6.25. (Deleted by amendment.) 16 Sec. 6.3. (Deleted by amendment.) 17 Sec. 6.35. (Deleted by amendment.) 18 Sec. 6.4. (Deleted by amendment.) 19 Sec. 6.43. (Deleted by amendment.) 20 Sec. 6.47. (Deleted by amendment.) 21 Sec. 6.5. (Deleted by amendment.) 22 Sec. 6.55. (Deleted by amendment.) 23 Sec. 6.6. (Deleted by amendment.) 24 Sec. 6.65. (Deleted by amendment.) 25 Sec. 6.7. (Deleted by amendment.) 26 Sec. 6.75. (Deleted by amendment.) 27 Sec. 6.8. (Deleted by amendment.) 28 Sec. 6.9. (Deleted by amendment.) 29 Sec. 7. (Deleted by amendment.) 30 Sec. 7.3. (Deleted by amendment.) 31 Sec. 7.6. (Deleted by amendment.) 32 Sec. 8. (Deleted by amendment.) 33 Sec. 9. (Deleted by amendment.) 34 – 3 – - *SB60_R3* Sec. 9.2. (Deleted by amendment.) 1 Sec. 9.6. (Deleted by amendment.) 2 Sec. 9.8. (Deleted by amendment.) 3 Sec. 10. (Deleted by amendment.) 4 Sec. 10.2. (Deleted by amendment.) 5 Sec. 10.4. (Deleted by amendment.) 6 Sec. 10.5. (Deleted by amendment.) 7 Sec. 11. (Deleted by amendment.) 8 Sec. 11.3. (Deleted by amendment.) 9 Sec. 11.7. (Deleted by amendment.) 10 Sec. 12. (Deleted by amendment.) 11 Sec. 13. (Deleted by amendment.) 12 Sec. 14. (Deleted by amendment.) 13 Sec. 15. (Deleted by amendment.) 14 Sec. 16. (Deleted by amendment.) 15 Sec. 17. (Deleted by amendment.) 16 Sec. 17.3 (Deleted by amendment.) 17 Sec. 17.7 (Deleted by amendment.) 18 Sec. 18. (Deleted by amendment.) 19 Sec. 19. (Deleted by amendment.) 20 Sec. 20. (Deleted by amendment.) 21 Sec. 21. Chapter 294A of NRS is hereby amended by adding 22 thereto the provisions set forth as sections 22 to 25, inclusive, of this 23 act. 24 Sec. 22. “Constitutional office” or “constitutional officer” 25 means: 26 1. The Governor; 27 2. The Lieutenant Governor; 28 3. The Secretary of State; 29 4. The State Treasurer; 30 5. The State Controller; and 31 6. The Attorney General. 32 Sec. 23. “Inaugural committee” means any organization, 33 person or group of persons that anticipates receiving contributions 34 or making expenditures for the inauguration of a constitutional 35 officer. 36 Sec. 24. 1. An inaugural committee shall report for each 37 period required pursuant to subsection 2: 38 (a) Each contribution received relating to the inauguration in 39 excess of $1,000; 40 (b) Contributions received during the period relating to the 41 inauguration from a contributor which cumulatively exceed 42 $1,000; 43 – 4 – - *SB60_R3* (c) The total number of all contributions received during the 1 period relating to the inauguration which are not otherwise 2 required to be reported pursuant to paragraph (b); 3 (d) Each expenditure relating to the inauguration made during 4 the period in excess of $1,000; and 5 (e) Expenditures made relating to the inauguration during the 6 period to one recipient which cumulatively exceed $1,000. 7 2. The report required pursuant to subsection 1 must be filed: 8 (a) Not later than the date that is the 90th day following the 9 first day of the regular session of the Legislature that is 10 immediately following the inauguration of the constitutional 11 officer, for the period beginning on the date of the organization of 12 the committee and ending on the 75th day of such regular session; 13 (b) Not later than 15 days after the end of such regular 14 session, for the period of the following year, for the period 15 beginning on the 76th day of such regular session and ending on 16 the last day of such regular session; and 17 (c) Not later than January 15, for the period beginning on 18 January 1 of any year other than the year immediately following 19 the year of the general election and ending on December 31 of the 20 previous year. 21 3. An inaugural committee that disbands shall: 22 (a) Notify the Secretary of State; and 23 (b) File a final report that sets forth: 24 (1) Each contribution and expenditure required to be 25 reported pursuant to subsection 1 that has not previously been 26 reported; and 27 (2) The disposition of any contributions made to the 28 inaugural committee that are not spent or committed for 29 expenditure by the inaugural committee. 30 Nothing in this subsection requires an inaugural committee to 31 report information that has previously been reported in a timely 32 manner pursuant to this section. 33 4. An inaugural committee is not subject to the provisions of 34 NRS 294A.100 or 294A.300. 35 5. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 294A.3737, the 36 reports required by this section must be filed electronically with 37 the Secretary of State. 38 6. A report filed pursuant to this section shall be deemed to be 39 filed on the date that it was received by the Secretary of State. 40 Every inaugural committee shall file a report as required by this 41 section even if the committee receives no contributions. 42 Sec. 25. 1. A candidate for a constitutional office who is 43 elected shall report, not later than the 90th day following the first 44 day of the regular session of the Legislature that is immediately 45 – 5 – - *SB60_R3* following the inauguration of the constitutional officer, for the 1 period beginning on the day following the general election and 2 ending on the day immediately preceding the beginning of the 3 period set forth in NRS 294A.300: 4 (a) Each contribution in excess of $100 received in relation to 5 the transition to holding the office constitutional during the 6 period; 7 (b) Contributions received in relation to the transition to 8 holding the constitutional office during the period from a 9 contributor which cumulatively exceed $100; 10 (c) The total of all contributions received in relation to the 11 transition to holding the constitutional office during the period 12 which are $100 or less and which are not otherwise required to be 13 reported pursuant to paragraph (b); 14 (d) The balance in the account maintained by the candidate 15 pursuant to NRS 294A.130 on the ending date of the period; and 16 (e) Goods and services provided in kind in relation to the 17 transition to holding the constitutional office and for which money 18 would have otherwise been paid. 19 2. Nothing in this section requires the candidate to report 20 information that has previously been reported in a timely manner 21 pursuant to this chapter. 22 3. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 294A.3733, the 23 reports required by this section must be filed electronically with 24 the Secretary of State. 25 4. A report filed pursuant to this section shall be deemed to be 26 filed on the date that it was received by the Secretary of State. 27 Sec. 26. NRS 294A.002 is hereby amended to read as follows: 28 294A.002 As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise 29 requires, the words and terms defined in NRS 294A.0025 to 30 294A.014, inclusive, and sections 22 and 23 of this act have the 31 meanings ascribed to them in those sections. 32 Sec. 27. NRS 294A.325 is hereby amended to read as follows: 33 294A.325 1. A foreign national shall not, directly or 34 indirectly, make a contribution or a commitment to make a 35 contribution to: 36 (a) A candidate; 37 (b) A committee for political action; 38 (c) A committee for the recall of a public officer; 39 (d) A person who makes an independent expenditure; 40 (e) A political party or committee sponsored by a political party 41 that makes an expenditure for or against a candidate or group of 42 candidates; 43 – 6 – - *SB60_R3* (f) An organization made up of legislative members of a 1 political party whose primary purpose is to provide support for their 2 political efforts; 3 (g) A personal campaign committee or the personal 4 representative of a candidate who receives contributions or makes 5 expenditures that are reported as contributions or expenditures by 6 the candidate; [or] 7 (h) A nonprofit corporation that is registered or required to be 8 registered pursuant to NRS 294A.225 [.] ; or 9 (i) An inaugural committee. 10 2. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, a candidate, 11 person, group, committee, political party, organization or nonprofit 12 corporation described in subsection 1 shall not knowingly solicit, 13 accept or receive a contribution or a commitment to make a 14 contribution from a foreign national. 15 3. For the purposes of subsection 2, if a candidate, person, 16 group, committee, political party, organization or nonprofit 17 corporation is aware of facts that would lead a reasonable person to 18 inquire whether the source of a contribution is a foreign national, the 19 candidate, person, group, committee, political party, organization or 20 nonprofit corporation shall be deemed to have not knowingly 21 solicited, accepted or received a contribution in violation of 22 subsection 2 if the candidate, person, group, committee, political 23 party, organization or nonprofit corporation requests and obtains 24 from the source of the contribution a copy of current and valid 25 United States passport papers. This subsection does not apply to any 26 candidate, person, group, committee, political party, organization or 27 nonprofit corporation if the candidate, person, group, committee, 28 political party, organization or nonprofit corporation has actual 29 knowledge that the source of the contribution solicited, accepted or 30 received is a foreign national. 31 4. If a candidate, person, group, committee, political party, 32 organization or nonprofit corporation discovers that the candidate, 33 person, group, committee, political party, organization or nonprofit 34 corporation received a contribution in violation of this section, the 35 candidate, person, group, committee, political party, organization or 36 nonprofit corporation shall, if at the time of discovery of the 37 violation: 38 (a) Sufficient money received as contributions is available, 39 return the contribution received in violation of this section not later 40 than 30 days after such discovery. 41 (b) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c), sufficient 42 money received as contributions is not available, return the 43 contribution received in violation of this section as contributions 44 become available for this purpose. 45 – 7 – - *SB60_R3* (c) Sufficient money received as contributions is not available 1 and contributions are no longer being solicited or accepted, not be 2 required to return any amount of the contribution received in 3 violation of this section that exceeds the amount of contributions 4 available for this purpose. 5 5. A violation of any provision of this section is a gross 6 misdemeanor. 7 6. As used in this section: 8 (a) “Foreign national” has the meaning ascribed to it in [2 9 U.S.C. § 441e.] 52 U.S.C. § 30121. 10 (b) “Knowingly” means that a candidate, person, group, 11 committee, political party, organization or nonprofit corporation: 12 (1) Has actual knowledge that the source of the contribution 13 solicited, accepted or received is a foreign national; 14 (2) Is aware of facts which would lead a reasonable person to 15 conclude that there is a substantial probability that the source of the 16 contribution solicited, accepted or received is a foreign national; or 17 (3) Is aware of facts which would lead a reasonable person to 18 inquire whether the source of the contribution solicited, accepted or 19 received is a foreign national, but failed to conduct a reasonable 20 inquiry. 21 Sec. 28. NRS 294A.350 is hereby amended to read as follows: 22 294A.350 1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, 23 every candidate for office shall file the reports required by NRS 24 294A.120, 294A.125, 294A.128, 294A.200, 294A.286 and 25 294A.362, and section 25 of this act, even though the candidate: 26 (a) Withdraws his or her candidacy pursuant to NRS 293.202 or 27 293C.195; 28 (b) Ends his or her campaign without withdrawing his or her 29 candidacy pursuant to NRS 293.202 or 293C.195; 30 (c) Receives no contributions; 31 (d) Has no campaign expenses; 32 (e) Is not opposed in the election by another candidate; 33 (f) Is defeated in the primary election; 34 (g) Is removed from the ballot by court order; or 35 (h) Is the subject of a petition to recall and the special election is 36 not held. 37 2. A candidate described in paragraph (a), (b), (f) or (g) of 38 subsection 1 may simultaneously file all the reports required by 39 NRS 294A.120, 294A.125, 294A.128, 294A.200, 294A.286 and 40 294A.362 and section 25 of this act that are due after the candidate 41 disposes of any unspent or excess contributions as provided in NRS 42 294A.117 or subsections 4, 5 and 6 of NRS 294A.160, as 43 applicable, if the candidate gives written notice to the Secretary of 44 State, on the form prescribed by the Secretary of State, that the 45 – 8 – - *SB60_R3* candidate is ending his or her campaign and will not accept any 1 additional contributions. If the candidate has submitted a withdrawal 2 of candidacy pursuant to NRS 293.202 or 293C.195 to an officer 3 other than the Secretary of State, the candidate must enclose with 4 the notice a copy of the withdrawal of candidacy. A form submitted 5 to the Secretary of State pursuant to this subsection must be signed 6 by the candidate under an oath to God or penalty of perjury. A 7 candidate who signs the form under an oath to God is subject to the 8 same penalties as if the candidate had signed the form under penalty 9 of perjury. 10 3. A candidate described in paragraph (b) of subsection 1 who 11 simultaneously files reports pursuant to subsection 2 but is elected 12 to office despite ending his or her campaign is subject to the 13 reporting requirements set forth in NRS 294A.120, 294A.125, 14 294A.128, 294A.200, 294A.286 and 294A.362, and section 25 of 15 this act, beginning with the next report that is due pursuant to those 16 sections after his or her election to office. 17 Sec. 29. NRS 294A.362 is hereby amended to read as follows: 18 294A.362 1. In addition to reporting information pursuant to 19 NRS 294A.120, 294A.125, 294A.128 and 294A.200, and section 25 20 of this act, each candidate who is required to file a report pursuant 21 to NRS 294A.120, 294A.125, 294A.128 or 294A.200 and section 22 25 of this act shall report on the form designed and made available 23 by the Secretary of State pursuant to NRS 294A.373 goods and 24 services provided in kind for which money would otherwise have 25 been paid. The candidate shall list on the form: 26 (a) Each such contribution in excess of $100 received during the 27 reporting period; 28 (b) Each such contribution from a contributor received during 29 the reporting period which cumulatively exceeds $100; 30 (c) Each such campaign expense in excess of $100 incurred 31 during the reporting period; 32 (d) The total of all such contributions received during the 33 reporting period which are $100 or less and which are not otherwise 34 required to be reported pursuant to paragraph (b); and 35 (e) The total of all such campaign expenses incurred during the 36 reporting period which are $100 or less. 37 2. The Secretary of State shall not require a candidate to list the 38 contributions and campaign expenses described in this section on 39 any form other than the form designed and made available by the 40 Secretary of State pursuant to NRS 294A.373. 41 3. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 294A.3733, the report 42 required by subsection 1 must be filed in the same manner and at the 43 same time as the report filed pursuant to NRS 294A.120, 294A.125, 44 294A.128 or 294A.200 [.] or section 25 of this act. 45 – 9 – - *SB60_R3* Sec. 30. NRS 294A.390 is hereby amended to read as follows: 1 294A.390 The officer from whom a candidate or entity 2 requests a form for: 3 1. A declaration of candidacy; 4 2. The registration of a nonprofit corporation pursuant to NRS 5 294A.225, a committee for political action pursuant to NRS 6 294A.230 or a committee for the recall of a public officer pursuant 7 to NRS 294A.250; or 8 3. The reporting of the creation of a legal defense fund 9 pursuant to NRS 294A.286, 10 shall furnish the candidate or entity with the necessary forms for 11 reporting and copies of the regulations adopted by the Secretary of 12 State pursuant to this chapter. An explanation of the applicable 13 provisions of NRS 294A.100, 294A.120, 294A.128, 294A.140, 14 294A.150, 294A.200, 294A.210, 294A.220, 294A.270 or 294A.280 15 or section 24 and 25 of this act relating to the making, accepting or 16 reporting of contributions, campaign expenses or expenditures and 17 the penalties for a violation of those provisions as set forth in NRS 18 294A.100 or 294A.420, and an explanation of NRS 294A.286 and 19 294A.287 relating to the accepting or reporting of contributions 20 received by and expenditures made from a legal defense fund and 21 the penalties for a violation of those provisions as set forth in NRS 22 294A.287 and 294A.420, must be developed by the Secretary of 23 State and provided upon request. The candidate or entity shall 24 acknowledge receipt of the material. 25 Sec. 31. NRS 294A.420 is hereby amended to read as follows: 26 294A.420 1. If the Secretary of State receives information 27 that a candidate, person, organization, committee, political party or 28 nonprofit corporation that is subject to the provisions of NRS 29 294A.120, 294A.128, 294A.140, 294A.150, 294A.200, 294A.210, 30 294A.220, 294A.230, 294A.250, 294A.270, 294A.280 or 294A.286 31 or section 24 and 25 of this act has not filed a report or form for 32 registration pursuant to the applicable provisions of those sections, 33 the Secretary of State may, after giving notice to that candidate, 34 person, organization, committee, political party or nonprofit 35 corporation, cause the appropriate proceedings to be instituted in the 36 First Judicial District Court. 37 2. Except as otherwise provided in this section, a candidate, 38 person, organization, committee, political party or nonprofit 39 corporation that violates an applicable provision of this chapter is 40 subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each violation 41 and payment of court costs and attorney’s fees. The civil penalty 42 must be recovered in a civil action brought in the name of the State 43 of Nevada by the Secretary of State in the First Judicial District 44 – 10 – - *SB60_R3* Court and deposited by the Secretary of State for credit to the State 1 General Fund in the bank designated by the State Treasurer. 2 3. If a civil penalty is imposed because a candidate, person, 3 organization, committee, political party or nonprofit corporation has 4 reported its contributions, campaign expenses, independent 5 expenditures or other expenditures after the date the report is due, 6 except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amount of the 7 civil penalty is: 8 (a) If the report is not more than 7 days late, $25 for each day 9 the report is late. 10 (b) If the report is more than 7 days late but not more than 15 11 days late, $50 for each day the report is late. 12 (c) If the report is more than 15 days late, $100 for each day the 13 report is late. 14 A civil penalty imposed pursuant to this subsection against a 15 public officer who by law is not entitled to receive compensation for 16 his or her office or a candidate for such an office must not exceed a 17 total of $100 if the public officer or candidate received no 18 contributions and made no expenditures during the relevant 19 reporting periods. 20 4. For good cause shown, the Secretary of State may waive a 21 civil penalty that would otherwise be imposed pursuant to this 22 section. 23 5. When considering whether to waive, pursuant to subsection 24 4, a civil penalty that would otherwise be imposed pursuant to 25 subsection 3, the Secretary of State may consider, without 26 limitation: 27 (a) The seriousness of the violation, including, without 28 limitation, the nature, circumstances and extent of the violation; 29 (b) Any history of violations committed by the candidate, 30 person, organization, committee, political party or nonprofit 31 corporation against whom the civil penalty would otherwise be 32 imposed; 33 (c) Any mitigating factor, including, without limitation, whether 34 the candidate, person, organization, committee, political party or 35 nonprofit corporation against whom the civil penalty would 36 otherwise be imposed reported the violation, corrected the violation 37 in a timely manner, attempted to correct the violation or cooperated 38 with the Secretary of State in resolving the situation that led to the 39 violation; 40 (d) Whether the violation was inadvertent; 41 (e) Any knowledge or experience the candidate, person, 42 organization, committee, political party or nonprofit corporation has 43 with the provisions of this chapter; and 44 – 11 – - *SB60_R3* (f) Any other factor that the Secretary of State deems to be 1 relevant. 2 6. If the Secretary of State waives a civil penalty pursuant to 3 subsection 4, the Secretary of State shall: 4 (a) Create a record which sets forth that the civil penalty has 5 been waived and describes the circumstances that constitute the 6 good cause shown; and 7 (b) Ensure that the record created pursuant to paragraph (a) is 8 available for review by the general public. 9 7. The remedies and penalties provided by this chapter are 10 cumulative, do not abrogate and are in addition to any other 11 remedies and penalties that may exist at law or in equity, including, 12 without limitation, any criminal penalty that may be imposed 13 pursuant to this chapter or NRS 199.120, 199.145 or 239.330. 14 Sec. 32. 1. On or before October 1, 2023, any inaugural 15 committee that was formed in relation to a candidate for a 16 constitutional office, as defined in section 22 of this act, at the 2022 17 General Election shall, for the period beginning on the day that the 18 inaugural committee was formed and ending on the last day of 19 the 82nd Regular Session of the Nevada Legislature, report to the 20 Secretary of State: 21 (a) Each contribution received in relation to the inauguration in 22 excess of $1,000; 23 (b) Contributions received in relation to the inauguration during 24 the period from a contributor which cumulatively exceed $1,000; 25 (c) The total number of all contributions received in relation to 26 the inauguration during the period which are not otherwise required 27 to be reported pursuant to paragraph (b); 28 (d) Each expenditure made in relation to the inauguration during 29 the period in excess of $1,000; and 30 (e) Expenditures made during the period in relation to the 31 inauguration to one recipient which cumulatively exceed $1,000. 32 2. Nothing in this section requires an inaugural committee to 33 report information that has previously been reported in a timely 34 manner pursuant to the provisions of chapter 294A of NRS. 35 3. As used in this section, “inaugural committee” has the 36 meaning ascribed to it in section 23 of this act. 37 Sec. 33. 1. On or before October 1, 2023, for the period 38 beginning on the day following the 2022 General Election and 39 ending on the day of the 2023 Inauguration, each constitutional 40 officer shall report to the Secretary of State: 41 (a) Each contribution in excess of $100 received in relation to 42 the transition to holding the constitutional office during the period; 43 – 12 – - *SB60_R3* (b) Contributions received during the period in relation to the 1 transition to holding the constitutional office from a contributor 2 which cumulatively exceed $100; 3 (c) The total of all contributions received during the period in 4 relation to the transition to holding the constitutional office which 5 are $100 or less and which are not otherwise required to be reported 6 pursuant to paragraph (b); and 7 (d) Goods and services provided in kind in relation to the 8 transition to holding the constitutional office and for which money 9 would have otherwise been paid. 10 2. Nothing in this section requires a constitutional officer to 11 report information that has previously been reported in a timely 12 manner pursuant to chapter 294A of NRS. 13 3. As used in this section, “constitutional office” or 14 “constitutional officer” have the meaning ascribed to those terms in 15 section 22 of this act. 16 Sec. 34. This act becomes effective upon passage and 17 approval. 18 H