Ohio 2025 2025-2026 Regular Session

Ohio House Bill HB152 Introduced / Bill

                    As Introduced
136th General Assembly
Regular Session	H. B. No. 152
2025-2026
Representatives Williams, Upchurch
Cosponsors: Representatives Brennan, Jarrells, Synenberg
To amend section 1321.21 and to enact sections 
1320.01, 1320.02, 1320.03, 1320.04, 1320.05, 
1320.06, 1320.07, 1320.08, 1320.09, and 1320.10 
of the Revised Code to regulate the provision of 
earned wage access services.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF OHIO:
Section 1. That section 1321.21 be amended and sections 
1320.01, 1320.02, 1320.03, 1320.04, 1320.05, 1320.06, 1320.07, 
1320.08, 1320.09, and 1320.10 of the Revised Code be enacted to 
read as follows:
Sec. 1320.01.  	As used in this chapter: 
(A) "Certificate" means a certificate of registration 
issued under this chapter.
(B) "Company" means a business entity other than an 
individual or sole proprietorship, including a firm, business 
trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, 
corporation, or general partnership.
(C) "Consumer" means any individual who resides in this 
state and has accrued earned but unpaid income. A provider may 
use the mailing address or state of residence provided by a 
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consumer to determine the consumer's state of residence for 
purposes of this chapter.
(D) "Consumer-directed wage access services" means the 
business of delivering to consumers access to earned but unpaid 
income based on the consumer's representation, and the 
provider's reasonable determination, of the consumer's earned 
but unpaid income.
(E) "Earned but unpaid income" means salary, wages, 
compensation, or other income that an individual or an employer 
has represented, and that a provider has reasonably determined, 
has been earned or has accrued to the benefit of the individual 
in exchange for the individual's provision of services to the 
employer or on behalf of the employer, including services 
provided on an hourly, project-based, piecework, or other basis, 
and where the individual acts as an independent contractor of 
the employer, for which the individual has not been paid by the 
employer at the time of the payment of proceeds.
(F) "Earned wage access services" means the business of 
providing consumer-directed wage access services, employer-
integrated wage access services, or both.
(G)(1) "Employer" means a person that employs a consumer, 
or any other person who is contractually obligated to pay a 
consumer earned but unpaid income in exchange for a consumer's 
provision of services to the employer or on behalf of the 
employer, including services provided on an hourly, project-
based, piecework, or other basis and where the consumer acts as 
an independent contractor with respect to the employer.
(2) "Employer" does not mean a customer of an employer or 
any other person whose obligation to make a payment of salary, 
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wages, compensation, or other income to a consumer is not based 
on the provision of services by that consumer for or on behalf 
of such person.
(H) "Employer-integrated wage access services" means the 
business of delivering to consumers access to earned but unpaid 
income that is based on employment, income, and attendance data 
obtained directly or indirectly from an employer.
(I) "Fee" means any of the following:
(1) An amount charged by a provider for delivery or 
expedited delivery of proceeds to a consumer;
(2) A subscription or membership charge imposed by a 
provider for a bona fide group of services that includes earned 
wage access services;
(3) An amount paid by an employer to a provider on a 
consumer's behalf, which entitles the consumer to receive 
proceeds at reduced or no cost to the consumer.
(J) "Key officer" means a chief executive officer, chief 
financial officer, or chief compliance officer.
(K) "Outstanding proceeds" means a payment of proceeds to 
a consumer by a provider that has not yet been repaid to that 
provider.
(L) "Proceeds" means a payment of money to a consumer by a 
provider pursuant to an agreement to provide earned wage access 
services to that consumer.
(M) "Provider" means a company who is in the business of 
offering and providing earned wage access services to consumers.
(N) "Registrant" means a company to whom one or more 
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certificates of registration have been issued under this 
chapter.
(O) "Superintendent of financial institutions" includes 
the deputy superintendent for consumer finance as provided in 
section 1181.21 of the Revised Code.
Sec. 1320.02.  	(A) No person shall offer or provide earned  
wage access services in this state without having a valid 
certificate of registration under this chapter. Each company 
issued a certificate of registration is subject to all 
provisions of this chapter and any associated rules.
(B) For the purpose of registering companies under and 
requiring compliance with this chapter, the superintendent of 
financial institutions may do both of the following:
(1) Require any company registered, or applying for 
registration, under this chapter to do both of the following:
(a) Utilize the nationwide multistate licensing system for 
application, renewal, amendment, or surrender of a certificate 
of registration or for any other activity as the superintendent 
may require;
(b) Pay all applicable charges to utilize the nationwide 
multistate licensing system.
(2) Establish requirements as necessary for the use of the 
nationwide multistate licensing system to meet the purposes of 
these sections, including:
(a) Background checks of key officers for any of the 
following:
(i) Criminal history through fingerprint or other 
databases;
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(ii) Civil or administrative records;
(iii) Credit history;
(iv) Any other information considered necessary by the 
nationwide multistate licensing system or the superintendent.
(b) Payment of fees to apply for or renew registrations 
through the nationwide multistate licensing system;
(c) Setting or resetting of renewal or reporting dates;
(d) Requirements for amending or surrendering a 
registration or any other such activities as the superintendent 
considers necessary for participation in the nationwide 
multistate licensing system.
Sec. 1320.03.  	(A)(1) An application for a certificate of  
registration under this chapter shall be in writing, under oath, 
and in the form prescribed by the division of financial 
institutions. The application shall include an affirmation that 
the applicant will abide by this chapter and shall contain any 
information that the division may require. The division shall 
not issue or renew a certificate of registration under this 
chapter for an applicant that is a foreign corporation unless 
that applicant first obtains and maintains a license pursuant to 
Chapter 1703. of the Revised Code.
(2) Upon the filing of the application and the payment by 
the applicant of a nonrefundable two-hundred-dollar 
investigation fee and a nonrefundable three-hundred-dollar 
annual registration fee, the division shall investigate the 
applicant. If the application involves investigation outside 
this state, and it appears that the actual expenses of the 
investigation will exceed two hundred dollars, the division may 
require the applicant to advance sufficient funds to pay for 
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those actual expenses. The division shall furnish to the 
applicant an itemized statement of any expenses in excess of the 
standard two-hundred-dollar investigation fee which the 
applicant is required to pay. The division shall not issue a 
certificate unless all the required fees have been submitted to 
the division.
(3) The investigation required by this section shall 
include both a civil and criminal records check of the key 
officers of the applicant and any individual whose identity is 
required to be disclosed in the application. Where the applicant 
is a business entity, the superintendent of financial 
institutions may require a civil and criminal background check 
of any persons that the superintendent determines have the 
authority to direct and control the operations of the applicant.
(4)(a) Notwithstanding division (L) of section 121.08 of 
the Revised Code, the superintendent shall obtain a criminal 
history records check and, as part of that records check, 
request that criminal record information from the federal bureau 
of investigation be obtained. To fulfill this requirement, the 
superintendent of financial institutions shall request the 
superintendent of the bureau of criminal identification and 
investigation, or a vendor approved by the bureau, to conduct a 
criminal records check based on the applicant's fingerprints or, 
if the fingerprints are unreadable, based on the applicant's 
social security number, in accordance with section 109.572 of 
the Revised Code.
(b) Any fee required under division (C)(3) of section 
109.572 of the Revised Code shall be paid by the applicant.
(5) If an application for a certificate of registration 
does not contain all of the information required under division 
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(A) of this section, and if such information is not submitted to 
the division within ninety days after the superintendent of 
financial institutions requests the information in writing, 
including by electronic transmission or facsimile, the 
superintendent may consider the application withdrawn.
(6) If the division finds that the financial 
responsibility, experience, and general fitness of the applicant 
command the confidence of the public and warrant the belief that 
the business will be operated honestly and fairly in compliance 
with the purposes of this chapter and the rules adopted 
thereunder, and that the applicant has the applicable net worth 
and assets required by division (D) of this section, the 
division shall issue a certificate of registration to the 
applicant. The superintendent shall not use a credit score as 
the sole basis for denying registration under this chapter.
(7) Certificates of registration annually expire on the 
last day of December, unless renewed by the filing of a renewal 
application and payment of a three-hundred-dollar nonrefundable 
annual registration fee on or before that date.
(8) Registrants shall timely file renewal applications on 
forms prescribed by the division and provide any further 
information that the division may require. If a renewal 
application does not contain all of the information required 
under this section, and if that information is not submitted to 
the division within ninety days after the superintendent 
requests the information in writing, including by electronic 
transmission or facsimile, the superintendent may consider the 
application withdrawn.
(9) The superintendent shall not grant a renewal if the 
applicant's certificate of registration is subject to an order 
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of suspension, revocation, or an unpaid and past due fine or 
assessment imposed by the superintendent.
(10) If the division finds the applicant does not meet the 
conditions set forth in this section, the division shall issue 
notice to the applicant of the denial, the grounds for the 
denial, and the applicant's reasonable opportunity to be heard 
on the action in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised 
Code.
(11) If there is a change of five per cent or more in the 
ownership of a registrant, the division may make any 
investigation necessary to determine whether any fact or 
condition exists that, if it had existed at the time of the 
original application for a certificate of registration, the fact 
or condition would have warranted the division to deny the 
application under division (A)(6) of this section. If such a 
fact or condition is found, the division may, in accordance with 
Chapter 119. of the Revised Code, revoke the registrant's 
certificate.
(B)(1) If the annual registration fees collected by the 
superintendent pursuant to division (A) of this section are less 
than the estimated expenditures of the consumer finance section 
of the division of financial institutions in administering this 
chapter for the following fiscal year, as determined by the 
superintendent, the superintendent may assess each registrant an 
additional fee at a rate sufficient to equal in the aggregate 
the difference between the renewal fees billed and the estimated 
expenditures. 
(2) Each registrant shall pay the assessed amount to the 
superintendent prior to the last day of June. 
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(3) In no case shall the assessment exceed ten cents for 
each one hundred dollars of fees, tips, gratuities, and 
donations received by that registrant during the previous 
calendar year.
(4) Subject to division (B)(3) of this section, the 
assessment shall not be less than two hundred fifty dollars per 
registrant and shall not exceed two thousand dollars per 
registrant.
(C) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of division (A) 
of this section, the division shall issue a certificate of 
registration in accordance with Chapter 4796. of the Revised 
Code to an applicant if the applicant holds a license or 
registration to offer earned wage access services in another 
state. Issuance of a license to such an applicant is contingent 
upon the applicant's payment of the three-hundred-dollar annual 
registration fee and any assessment charged under division (B) 
of this section.
(D) Each registrant that offers or provides earned wage 
access services under this chapter shall maintain both of the 
following:
(1) A net worth of at least fifty thousand dollars;
(2) For each certificate of registration, assets of at 
least fifty thousand dollars either in use or readily available 
for use in the conduct of the business.
(E) A registrant may operate in this state online or at 
one or more physical places of business. Not more than one place 
of business shall be maintained under the same certificate, but 
the division may issue additional certificates to the same 
registrant. No change in the place of business of a registrant 
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to a location outside the original municipal corporation or 
township shall be permitted under the same certificate without 
the approval of a new application, the payment of the 
registration fee, and, if required by the superintendent, the 
payment of an investigation fee of two hundred dollars. When a 
registrant wishes to change its place of business within the 
same municipal corporation or township, it shall give written 
notice of the change in advance to the division, which shall 
provide a certificate for the new address without cost. If a 
registrant changes its name, prior to offering or providing 
earned wage access services under the new name, it shall give 
written notice of the change to the division, which shall 
provide a certificate in the new name without cost. This chapter 
does not limit the services of any registrant to residents of 
the municipal corporation or township in which the registrant's 
place of business is situated. A registrant that operates online 
shall post evidence of its registration on its internet web 
site. A registrant that operates at one or more physical places 
of business shall conspicuously post its registration in its 
places of business. Registrations are not transferable or 
assignable.
(F) This chapter does not apply to any entities chartered 
and lawfully doing business under the authority of any law of 
this state, another state, or the United States as a bank, 
savings bank, trust company, savings and loan association, or 
credit union, or a subsidiary of any such entity, which 
subsidiary is regulated by a federal banking agency and is owned 
and controlled by such a depository institution.
(G) Neither the state nor any political subdivision of the 
state shall require a registrant to pay any fee or assessment, 
other than those expressly authorized by this section, as a 
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condition of providing earned wage access services in this 
state.
Sec. 1320.04.  	As often as the superintendent of financial  
institutions considers it necessary, the superintendent may 
examine the records of a registrant.
Sec. 1320.05.  	A provider subject to this chapter shall do  
all of the following: 
(A) Develop and implement policies and procedures to 
respond to questions raised by consumers and address complaints 
from consumers in an expedient manner;
(B) Offer to consumers at least one reasonable option to 
obtain proceeds at no cost and clearly explain how to elect that 
no-cost option;
(C) Before entering into an agreement with a consumer for 
the provision of earned wage access services, do both of the 
following: 
(1) Inform the consumer of the consumer's rights under the 
agreement;
(2) Fully and clearly disclose all fees associated with 
the earned wage access services.
(D) Inform the consumer of any material changes to the 
terms and conditions of the earned wage access services before 
implementing those changes for that consumer;
(E) Allow the consumer to cancel use of the provider's 
earned wage access services at any time, without incurring a 
cancellation fee or penalty imposed by the provider;
(F) Comply with all applicable local, state, and federal 
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privacy and information security laws;
(G) If a provider solicits, charges, or receives a tip, 
gratuity, or other donation from a consumer, both of the 
following:
(1) Clearly and conspicuously disclose to the consumer 
immediately prior to each transaction that a tip, gratuity, or 
other donation amount may be zero and is voluntary;
(2) Clearly and conspicuously disclose in its service 
contract with the consumer and elsewhere that tips, gratuities, 
or donations are voluntary and that the offering of earned wage 
access services, including the amount of proceeds a consumer is 
eligible to request and the frequency with which proceeds are 
provided to a consumer, is not contingent on whether the 
consumer pays any tip, gratuity, or other donation or on the 
size of the tip, gratuity, or other donation.
(H) Provide proceeds to a consumer by any means mutually 
agreed upon by the consumer and the provider;
(I) If the provider will seek repayment of outstanding 
proceeds or payment of fees or other amounts owed in connection 
with the activities covered by this chapter, including voluntary 
tips, gratuities, or other donations, from a consumer's 
depository institution, including by means of electronic funds 
transfer, do both of the following: 
(1) Comply with applicable provisions of the "Electronic 
Funds Transfer Act," 15 U.S.C. 1693 to 1693r, and regulations 
adopted under that act; 
(2) Reimburse the consumer for the full amount of any 
overdraft or nonsufficient funds fees imposed on a consumer by 
the consumer's depository institution that were caused by the 
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provider attempting to seek payment of any outstanding proceeds, 
fees, or other payments in connection with the activities 
covered by this chapter, including voluntary tips, gratuities, 
or other donations, on a date before, or in an incorrect amount 
from, the date or amount disclosed to the consumer. The provider 
is not subject to the requirements of division (I)(2) of this 
section with respect to payments of outstanding amounts or fees 
incurred by a consumer through fraudulent or other unlawful 
means.
Sec. 1320.06.  	A provider subject to this chapter shall not  
do any of the following:
(A) Share with an employer a portion of any fees, 
voluntary tips, gratuities, or other donations that were 
received from or charged to a consumer for earned wage access 
services;
(B) Require a consumer's credit report or credit score 
provided or issued by a consumer reporting agency to determine a 
consumer's eligibility for earned wage access services;
(C) Accept payment of outstanding proceeds, fees, 
voluntary tips, gratuities, or other donations from a consumer 
by means of a credit card or charge card;
(D) Charge a late fee, deferral fee, interest, or any 
other penalty or charge for failure to pay outstanding proceeds, 
fees, voluntary tips, gratuities, or other donations;
(E) Report to a consumer reporting agency or debt 
collector any information about a consumer regarding the 
consumer's inability to repay outstanding proceeds, fees, 
voluntary tips, gratuities, or other donations to a provider;
(F)(1) Compel or attempt to compel payment by a consumer 
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of outstanding proceeds, fees, voluntary tips, gratuities, or 
other donations to the provider through any of the following 
means:
(a) An action against the consumer in a court of competent 
jurisdiction;
(b) Use of a third party to pursue collection from the 
consumer on the provider's behalf;
(c) Sale of outstanding amounts to a third-party debt 
collector or debt buyer for collection from the consumer.
(2) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted as doing 
either of the following:
(a) Precluding the use by a provider of any of the methods 
described in division (F)(1) of this section to compel payment 
of outstanding proceeds or fees incurred by a consumer through 
fraudulent or other unlawful means;
(b) Precluding a provider from pursuing an employer for 
breach of its contractual obligations to the provider.
(G) If the provider solicits, charges, or receives tips, 
gratuities, or other donations from a consumer, mislead or 
deceive consumers about the voluntary nature of the tips, 
gratuities, or donations or make representations that tips, 
gratuities, or other donations will benefit any specific 
individuals.
Sec. 1320.07.  	(A) Every registered provider shall keep and  
use in the provider's business such books, accounts, and records 
as will enable the division of financial institutions to 
determine whether the provider is complying with this chapter 
and with the orders and rules made by the division under this 
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chapter. Such books, accounts, and records shall be segregated 
from those pertaining to transactions that are not subject to 
this chapter. Every provider shall preserve the books, accounts, 
and records pertaining to earned wage access services 
transactions made under this chapter for at least two years 
after extending proceeds to a consumer. Accounting systems 
maintained in whole or in part by mechanical or electronic data 
processing methods that provide information equivalent to that 
otherwise required are acceptable for the purposes of this 
division.
(B)(1) Each registered provider shall file with the 
division of financial institutions each year a report under oath 
or affirmation, on forms supplied by the division, concerning 
the business and its operations for the preceding calendar year. 
If a provider has more than one place of business in this state, 
the provider shall furnish a report for each location.
(2) The division shall annually publish and make available 
to the public an analysis of the information reported under 
division (B)(1) of this section, but the individual reports are 
not public records for the purposes of Chapter 149. of the 
Revised Code and shall not be open to public inspection.
(3) The published analysis shall include all of the 
following:
(a) Gross revenue attributable to earned wage access 
services;
(b) The total number of transactions in which proceeds 
were remitted to consumers;
(c) The total number of unique consumers to whom proceeds 
were remitted;
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(d) The total dollar amount of proceeds remitted to 
consumers;
(e) The total dollar amount of fees, tips, gratuities, and 
donations received from consumers;
(f) The total number of transactions in which proceeds 
were remitted to consumers for which providers did not receive 
repayment of any outstanding proceeds;
(g) The total dollar amount of transactions described in 
division (B)(3)(f) of this section;
(h) The total number of transactions in which proceeds 
were remitted to consumers, for which providers received partial 
repayment of outstanding proceeds;
(i) The total dollar amount of transactions described in 
division (B)(3)(h) of this section and the total dollar amount 
of unpaid, outstanding proceeds attributable to those 
transactions;
(j) The total number of transactions in which outstanding 
proceeds were repaid after the original, scheduled repayment 
date;
(k) The total dollar amount of transactions described in 
division (B)(3)(j) of this section;
(l) Any other nonprivate information required by the 
superintendent.
Sec. 1320.08.  	(A) The superintendent of financial  
institutions shall, in accordance with Chapter 119. of the 
Revised Code, suspend or revoke a certificate of registration 
issued pursuant to this chapter if the superintendent determines 
that either of the following apply:
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(1) The registrant has failed to comply with any order 
issued by the superintendent pursuant to section 1320.10 of the 
Revised Code;
(2) Any fact or condition exists that, if it had existed 
or had been known to exist at the time the original or renewal 
certificate of registration was issued, the fact or condition 
clearly would have warranted the superintendent to refuse to 
issue a certificate of registration.
(B) The superintendent may make any investigation and 
conduct any hearing the superintendent considers necessary to 
determine whether any company or individual has violated this 
chapter or any rule or order adopted in accordance with this 
chapter, or has otherwise engaged in conduct that would justify 
the suspension, revocation, or refusal of an original or renewal 
certificate of registration, or the imposition of a fine. The 
superintendent may impose a monetary fine of not more than one 
thousand dollars for each such violation.
(C) In making any investigation or conducting any hearing 
pursuant to this section, the superintendent, or any person 
designated by the superintendent, at any time may compel by 
subpoena witnesses, may take depositions of witnesses residing 
within this state in the manner provided for in civil actions, 
pay any witnesses the fees and mileage for their attendance 
provided under section 119.094 of the Revised Code, and 
administer oaths. The superintendent also may compel by order or 
subpoena duces tecum the production of, and examine, all 
relevant books, records, accounts, and other documents. If a 
company or individual does not comply with a subpoena or 
subpoena duces tecum, the superintendent may apply to the court 
of common pleas of Franklin county for an order compelling the 
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company or individual to comply with the subpoena or subpoena 
duces tecum or, for failure to do so, an order to be held in 
contempt of court.
(D) In connection with any investigation under this 
section, the superintendent may file an action in the court of 
common pleas of Franklin county or the court of common pleas of 
the county in which the company or individual who is the subject 
of the investigation resides, or is engaging in or proposing to 
engage in actions in violation of this chapter, to obtain an 
injunction, temporary restraining order, or other appropriate 
relief.
Sec. 1320.09.  	(A)(1) Earned wage access services provided  
by a registrant in accordance with this chapter shall not be 
considered to be any of the following:
(a) A loan or other form of credit or debit;
(b) A money transmission;
(c) A violation of, or noncompliant with, any other 
provision of the Revised Code governing the sale or assignment 
of, or an order for, earned but unpaid income.
(2) A registrant providing earned wage access services in 
accordance with this chapter shall not be considered to be a 
creditor, debt collector, lender, or money transmitter.
(B) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of the Revised 
Code, earned wage access services offered or provided by a 
provider in accordance with this chapter are not subject to 
Chapter 1315., 1319., or 1321. of the Revised Code.
(C) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of the Revised 
Code, fees, voluntary tips, gratuities, or other donations paid 
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by a consumer to a registrant in accordance with this chapter 
are not interest or finance charges.
(D) If there is a conflict between the provisions of this 
chapter and any other provision of the Revised Code, the 
provisions of this chapter control.
Sec. 1320.10.  	(A) The division of financial institutions  
shall administer this chapter. Neither the superintendent of 
financial institutions nor any deputy, assistant, clerk, 
examiner, or other person employed by the division to assist in 
the administration of this chapter shall be interested, directly 
or indirectly, in a business registered under this chapter. Any 
person so interested or who becomes so interested shall not be 
eligible to hold or retain such position.
(B) The superintendent of financial institutions, in 
accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code, may adopt 
rules and issue specific orders to enforce and carry out the 
purposes of this chapter.
(C) Notwithstanding any provision of section 121.95 of the 
Revised Code to the contrary, a regulatory restriction contained 
in a rule adopted under this section is not subject to sections 
121.95 to 121.953 of the Revised Code.
Sec. 1321.21. All fees, charges, penalties, and 
forfeitures collected under Chapters 1320., 1321., 1322., 4712., 
4727., and 4728., sections 1315.21 to 1315.30, and sections 
1349.25 to 1349.37 of the Revised Code shall be paid to the 
superintendent of financial institutions and shall be deposited 
by the superintendent into the state treasury to the credit of 
the consumer finance fund, which is hereby created. The fund may 
be expended or obligated by the superintendent for the 
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defrayment of the costs of administration of Chapters 1320., 
1321., 1322., 4712., 4727., and 4728., sections 1315.21 to 
1315.30, and sections 1349.25 to 1349.37 of the Revised Code by 
the division of financial institutions. All actual and necessary 
expenses incurred by the superintendent, including any services 
rendered by the department of commerce for the division's 
administration of Chapters 1320., 1321., 1322., 4712., 4727., 
and 4728., sections 1315.21 to 1315.30, and sections 1349.25 to 
1349.37 of the Revised Code, shall be paid from the fund. The 
fund shall be assessed a proportionate share of the 
administrative costs of the department and the division. The 
proportionate share of the administrative costs of the division 
of financial institutions shall be determined in accordance with 
procedures prescribed by the superintendent. Such assessment 
shall be paid from the consumer finance fund to the division of 
administration fund or the financial institutions fund. 
Periodically, in accordance with a schedule the director 
establishes by rule, but at least once every three months, the 
director of budget and management shall transfer five per cent 
of all charges, penalties, and forfeitures received into the 
consumer finance fund to the financial literacy education fund 
created under section 121.085 of the Revised Code. 
Section 2. That existing section 1321.21 of the Revised 
Code is hereby repealed.
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