Oklahoma 2024 2024 Regular Session

Oklahoma Senate Bill SB704 Engrossed / Bill

Filed 03/27/2023

                     
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 1  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
ENGROSSED SENATE 
BILL NO. 704 	By: Haste of the Senate 
 
  and 
 
  Roe of the House 
 
 
 
 
An Act relating to the Oklahoma State University 
Medical Authority; amending 63 O.S. 2021, Section 
3275, which relates to members; modifying 
qualifications; addi ng member; removing obsolete 
language; authorizing virtual meetings under certain 
conditions; amending 63 O.S. 202 1, Section 3276, 
which relates to powers and duties of the Authority; 
adding certain power and duty; amending 63 O.S. 2021, 
Section 3283, which relates to revenue bonds; 
specifying allowed payment sources for bonds; 
amending 63 O.S. 2021, Section 3290, whi ch relates to 
the Oklahoma State University Medical Trust; 
increasing certain asset limit for purpose of certain 
determination; authorizing vi rtual meetings under 
certain conditions; exempting the Authority from the 
Public Competitive Bidding Act of 1974; defining 
term; repealing 63 O.S. 2021, Sections 3287 and 3291, 
which relate to the Oklahoma State University Medical 
Authority; providing for codification; and providing 
an effective date. 
 
 
 
 
BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA: 
SECTION 1.    AMENDATORY     63 O.S. 2021, Section 3275, is 
amended to read as follows: 
Section 3275. A.  There is hereby c reated the Oklahoma State 
University Medical Authority, a n agency of the State of Oklahoma, a 
body corporate and politic, with powers of gove rnment and with the 
authority to exercise the rights, privileges and functions as   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 2  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
specified in the Oklahoma State U niversity Medical Authority Act.  
The Oklahoma State Univ ersity Medical Authority is covered by the 
Governmental Tort Claims Act. 
B.  The Authority shall consist of seven (7) eight (8) members 
as follows: 
1.  One member shall be appointed by the Governor, with the 
advice and consent of the Senate; 
2.  One member shall be appointed by the President Pro Tempore 
of the Senate; 
3.  One member shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of 
Representatives; 
4.  One member shall b e the Chief Executive Officer o f the 
Oklahoma Health Care Authority, or a designee; 
5.  One member shall be the President of the Oklahoma State 
University Center for Health Sciences; 
6.  One member to shall be appointed by the President of 
Oklahoma State University who shall be the Chie f Executive Officer 
of any entity, other than the Oklahom a State University Medical 
Trust, with whom the Oklahom a State University College of 
Osteopathic Medicine has entered into an Academic Affiliation 
Agreement to serve as the primary site of practice a nd teaching 
hospital for medical residency programs, or a designee; and;   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 3  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
7.  One member shall be a member of the Board of Regents for the 
Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical Colleges, or his or her 
designee, as selected by th e chair of the Board of Regent s; and 
8. One member shall be the Chief Executive Off icer of the 
Oklahoma State University Medical Authority wh o shall be an ex 
officio, nonvoting member. 
C.  All appointed members shall be appointed by June 1, 2006.  
Of the members of the Authority initi ally appointed, the member 
appointed by the President Pro Tempore of the Senate shall serve a 
term of three (3) years; the member appointed b y the Speaker of the 
House of Representatives shall serve a term of two (2) years; an d 
the member appointed by the Governor shall serve a term of one (1) 
year.  Successors Members shall be appointed for terms of three (3) 
years. 
D.  Each member of the Auth ority, prior to appointment, shall be 
a resident of the state and a qualified elector . 
E.  Members shall be removab le only for cause by the appointing 
authority.  Any vacancy oc curring on the Authority shall be filled 
by the original appointing authority. 
F.  The members of the Authority shall serve without 
compensation but may be reimb ursed for all actual and necessar y 
travel expenses incurred in performance of their duties i n 
accordance with the provisions of the State Trav el Reimbursement 
Act.   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 4  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
G.  All members of the Authority and administrative personnel of 
the Authority shall be s ubject to the provisions of the Okla homa 
Ethics Commission Rules, Chapter 62 Appendix of Tit le 74 of the 
Oklahoma Statutes. 
H.  A quorum of the Authority shall be four (4) voting members.  
The Authority shall elect a chair and vice chair from among its 
members.  The chair must be an appointe d member of the Authority. 
I.  The Authority shall be exempt from the Oklahoma Central 
Purchasing Act but shall be subject to the purchasing policies of 
Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences and shal l be 
subject to the Oklahoma Open Meeting Act and the Oklahoma Open 
Records Act, except as o therwise provided by this act.  Any 
information submitted to or compiled by the Authority except for 
budgetary information related to appropriations or the 
appropriations process with respect to the marketi ng plans, 
financial statements, trade secrets, res earch concepts, methods or 
products, or any other proprietary information of th e Authority, 
persons, firms, associations, partnerships, agencies, corporations, 
institutions of higher education, nonprofit re search institutions or 
other entities shall be con fidential, except to the extent that the 
person or entity which provided the information or which is the 
subject of the information consents to disclosure.  Executi ve 
sessions may be held to discuss such ma terials if deemed necessary 
by the Authority.   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 5  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
J.  The Authority may hold meetings by videoconference where 
each member of the Authority is visible and audible to each other 
and the public through a video monitor at the designated meeting 
site and online website, subject to the following: 
1.  Each public meeting held by videoconference shall be 
recorded either by written, electronic, or other means; 
2.  The meeting notice and agenda prepared in advance of the 
meeting, as required by law, shall indicate at le ast one 
videoconferencing location and shall state the location, address, 
and telephone number of ea ch available videoconference site and 
provide the online website address to view the meeting ; and 
3.  The meeting agenda prepared in advance of the meeting, as 
required by law, shall indicate which members of the Authority will 
appear by video conference a nd which will be present at the 
designated meeting site. 
SECTION 2.     AMENDATORY     63 O.S. 2 021, Section 3276, is 
amended to read as follows: 
Section 3276. A.  On and after July 1, 2006, the The Authority 
shall have the power and dut y to: 
1.  Adopt bylaws and pr omulgate rules for the regulation of its 
affairs and the conduct of its bus iness; 
2.  Adopt an official seal; 
3.  Maintain an office at a location to be determined by the 
Authority;   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 6  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
4.  Sue and be sued, subject to the provision s of The 
Governmental Tort Cl aims Act; 
5.  Enter into cooperative agreements with th e Board of Regents 
for the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical Colleges for 
educational programs, professional staffing, research and other 
medical activities; 
6.  Make and enter into all contracts ne cessary or incidental to 
the performance of its duties and the execution of its powers 
pursuant to the Oklahoma State Universit y Medical Authority Act; 
7.  Purchase or lease equipment, furniture, materials and 
supplies, and incur such other expenses as may be necessary to 
maintain and operate hospitals or clin ics, or to discharge its 
duties and responsibilities or to make any of i ts powers effective; 
8.  Acquire by purchase, lease, gift, or by any other manner, 
and to maintain, use and operate or to contrac t for the maintenance, 
use and operation of or lease of any and all property of any kind, 
real, personal, or mixed or any inter est therein unless otherwise 
provided by the Oklahoma State University Medical Authority Act; 
9.  Appoint such officers, agents a nd employees, including but 
not limited to attorneys, a s it deems necessary and to prescribe 
their duties and to fix their comp ensation; 
10.  Accept grants from the United States of America, or from 
any corporation or agency cr eated or designed by the Unit ed States 
of America, and, in connection with any grant , to enter into such   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 7  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
agreements as the United States of America or such corporation or 
agency may require; 
11.  Make and issue bonds and to pledge revenues of the 
Authority subject to the Oklahoma Bond Oversight and Reform Act.  
Nothing in the Oklahoma Stat e University Medical Authority Act shall 
authorize the issuance of any bonds of the Authority payable other 
than from revenues of the Authority .  Funds appropriated to the 
Authority shall not be used for issuance of bonds.  Authority 
revenue bonds issued u nder the provisions of this act shall not at 
any time be deemed to cons titute a debt of the state or of any 
political subdivision thereof or a pledge of the faith and cred it of 
the state or of any pol itical subdivision, but such bonds shall be 
payable solely from the funds he rein provided. Such revenue bonds 
shall contain on the face thereof a statement to the effect that 
neither the state nor the Authority shall be obliga ted to pay the 
same or the interest thereon except from the revenues of the project 
or projects for which they are issued and that neither the faith and 
credit nor the taxing power of the state or any political 
subdivision thereof is pledged, or may hereaf ter be pledged, to the 
payment of the principal of or the interest on such bonds.  Th e 
maximum amount of outstanding bonds at any time shall not exceed 
Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000.00) unless a greater amount is 
expressly approved by the Legislature by a concurrent resolution 
adopted prior to commencing any action in anticipation of issuance   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 8  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
of revenue bonds of the Oklahoma State University Medical Auth ority 
for the greater amount; 
12.  Provide for complet e financial audits on all accounts of 
the Oklahoma State University Medical Authority and to authorize 
periodic audits by an independent external auditing agenc y.  Such 
audits shall be performed annuall y in a format approved by the State 
Auditor and Inspector, and all such audits shall be submitted to the 
State Auditor and Inspec tor for review.  Such audits shall be made 
in accordance with generally accepted audi ting standards and 
government auditing sta ndards.  Financial statements shall be 
prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles.  In addition to said audits, whenever the State Aud itor 
and Inspector deems it appropriate, and at least once each five (5) 
years, or upon receipt of a request to do so from the Governor, the 
Attorney General, the President Pro Tempore of the Senat e, the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives or the Autho rity, the State 
Auditor and Inspector shall conduct a special audit of the 
Authority; 
13.  Engage in long-term planning for the operation and 
management of the Authority; 
14.  Establish petty cash funds and provide for approp riate 
accounting procedures and controls;   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 9  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
15.  Contract with national manufacturers a nd distributors of 
drugs and medical suppl ies when appropriate to carry out the 
purposes of this act; 
16.  Provide funding to other entities for purposes related to 
public health, teaching, research, an d the purposes of the Oklahoma 
State University Medica l Authority Act when provided funding for 
such purposes by the Legislature; 
17. Do all other things necessary and proper to implement the 
provisions of the Oklahoma State University Medical Authority A ct; 
17. 18.  Waive, by such means as the Authority dee ms 
appropriate, the exemption from federal income taxation of interest 
on the Authority’s bonds provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986, as amended, or any other fed eral statute providing a similar 
exemption; 
18. 19.  Arrange for guaranties or insura nce of its bonds by the 
federal government or by any private insurer, and to pay any 
premiums therefor; and 
19. 20.  Make a declaration of nece ssity as provided in Section 
3273 of this title.  The Authority may, in its exclusive judgment, 
make a declaration of necessity when such a declaration is deemed 
necessary to effectuate the purposes of the Okl ahoma State 
University Medical Authority Act. 
B.  The Oklahoma State Univer sity Medical Authority shall be 
subject to the Oklahoma Budget Law of 1947.   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 10  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
C.  The Authority shall prepare monthly a “budget vs. actual” 
report which shows by budget activity the m onthly and year-to-date 
revenues and expenditur es compared to budgeted reve nues and 
expenditures.  Such report shall b e submitted to the Office of 
Management and Enterprise Services and to the Directors of the House 
of Representatives Fiscal Division and t he Senate Fiscal Division. 
D.  The Authority sh all be subject to the profes sional risk 
management program provided for in Section 85.58A of Title 74 of the 
Oklahoma Statutes. 
SECTION 3.    AMENDATORY    63 O.S. 2021, Section 3283, is 
amended to read as follows: 
Section 3283. Revenue bonds of the Oklahoma Stat e University 
Medical Authority issued pursuant to the provisions of the Oklahoma 
State University Medical Authority sh all not constitute a debt of 
the state or of any political subd ivision thereof, or a pledge of 
the full faith and credit of the state, or of any political 
subdivision thereof, but such bonds shall be payable solely from the 
funds provided therefor from the Authority’s revenues or 
appropriated by the Legislature .  The forms of the bonds so issued 
shall contain on the face thereof a statement to the effect that 
neither the state nor the Authority shall be obligated to pay the 
same or the interest thereon except from t he revenues of the 
Authority pledged to the payment of such bonds and that neither the 
faith and credit nor the taxing power of t he state or any political   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 11  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
subdivision thereof is pledged, or may hereafter be pledged , to the 
payment of the principal of or in terest on such bonds.  The bonds so 
issued shall be exempt from taxation by the State of Oklahoma and 
any political subdivision t hereof, including the inc ome therefrom, 
and any gain from the sale thereof. 
SECTION 4.     AMENDATORY     63 O.S. 2021, Section 3290, is 
amended to read as follows : 
Section 3290. A.  The State of Oklahoma expressly ap proves the 
creation of a public trust to be named the “Oklahoma State 
University Medical Trust ”, of which the State of Oklahoma shall be 
the beneficiary, provided such approval shall be contingent upon 
satisfaction of the following conditions: 
1.  Finalizing of the declaratio n of trust; 
2.  Adoption of the declaration of trust by an official action 
of the trustees of the Trust; 
3.  Submission of the Trust for acceptance of the beneficial 
interest and approval as required by Section 177 of Title 60 of the 
Oklahoma Statutes; and 
4.  The approved declaration of trust shal l: 
a. clearly state that the principal pur pose of the 
Oklahoma State University Medi cal Trust is to 
effectuate the purposes of the Oklahoma State 
University Medical Authority as established in the 
Oklahoma State University Medical Authority Act,   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 12  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
b. except as otherwise provided by law, provide that the 
title to real property held by the Ok lahoma State 
University Medical Authority shall not be transferred, 
conveyed, or assigned to the Oklahoma Sta te University 
Medical Trust without the express consent of the 
Legislature as the governing entity of the beneficiary 
pursuant to Section 176 of Ti tle 60 of the Oklahoma 
Statutes, 
c. provide that any indebtedness incurred by the Oklahoma 
State University Medical Trust or the trustees of the 
Trust shall not be secured with or create a lien upon 
real property to which title is held by the Oklahoma 
State University Medical Authority and shall not 
involve the bonding capacity of the Oklahoma State 
University Medical Authority, 
d. provide that the trust estate of the Oklaho ma State 
University Medical Trust shall no t include fee simple 
title to real propert y owned by the Oklahoma State 
University Medical Authority, 
e. clearly state that the creation of the Oklahom a State 
University Medical Trust shall not in any way reduce, 
limit or interfere with the power granted t o the 
Oklahoma State University Medical Au thority in the 
Oklahoma State University Medical Authority Act,   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 13  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
f. provide that any lease or contractual agre ement 
involving use of the real property to which title is 
held by the Oklahoma State University Medical 
Authority and any improvements thereto sha ll contain a 
provision and covenants requiring the proper 
maintenance and upkeep of the real property and 
improvements, 
g. provide that the trustees of the Oklahoma State 
University Medical Trust shall be the actin g members 
of the Oklahoma State University Medical Authority as 
provided in the Oklahoma State University Medical 
Authority Act, and 
h. provide that the trustees of the Ok lahoma State 
University Medical Trust shall have the duty to submit 
an annual report to the Governor, the President Pro 
Tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of 
Representatives.  The report shall be submitted by 
January 1 of each year and shal l include an account of 
all operations, actions of the Trust, account of all 
revenue received and disbursed by the Trust for th e 
previous fiscal year.  The report shall also provide a 
complete accounting of how the Trust meets its prima ry 
function of effectuating the purposes of the Oklahoma   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 14  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
State University Medical Authority, as establish ed in 
the Oklahoma State University Medica l Authority Act. 
B. The Oklahoma State University Medical Trust shall require 
any agreements which it enters into with any entity pursuant to 
Section 22 of this act for th e operations of facilities leased by 
the Oklahoma State University Medical Authority to the Trust to 
include, but not be limited to: 
1.  The inclusion of all the members of the Trust, except th e 
Chief Executive Officer of the Oklahoma Health Care Authority , as 
five of the six members representing the State of Oklahoma in a 
governing committee, and the sixth member of the governing committee 
representing the State of Oklahoma to be designated by the President 
of Oklahoma State University; 
2.  Binding arbitration shall not be required by such agreeme nts 
for resolving issues under considerati on by the governing committee; 
and 
3.  Major decisions shall be resolved by the governing 
committee, and approval of any major de cision by the governing 
committee must include the approval of a majority of the stat e 
appointees and the approval of a majorit y of the private entity 
appointees to the governing committee.  Major decisions shall 
include: 
a. approval of the operating and capital budgets,   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 15  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
b. sale or disposition of a ssets over Two Hundred Fifty 
Thousand Dollars ($250,000.00) Five Hundred Thousand 
Dollars ($500,000.00), 
c. the termination or transfer or material addition or 
material diminution of medical se rvices at the 
Oklahoma State University Medical Center related to 
and part of a teaching program of the O klahoma State 
University Center for Health Sciences, and 
d. other major decision s as may be agreed upon by the 
Trust and the private entity. 
C.  To the extent it is determined by legislative enactment that 
the Trust has expended funds in contravention of i ts mission as set 
forth in this section, t he Trust shall remit, upon thirty (30) days’ 
written notice from the Oklahoma State University Medical Author ity, 
such sum or sums to the Oklahoma State University Medical Authority. 
D.  In the event the Trust ente rs into a joint venture or 
acquires an interest in a not-for-profit entity to effectuate the 
administration of the mission of the Trust, that entity sh all not be 
subject to the Oklahoma Open Meeting Act and the Okl ahoma Open 
Records Act.  Any information s ubmitted to or compiled by the Trust 
with respect to marketing plans, financial statements, trade 
secrets, research concepts, methods or products or an y other 
proprietary information submitted to or compiled by the Trust, 
persons, firms, associations, part nerships, agencies, corporations,   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 16  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
institutions of higher education, nonprofit re search institutions or 
other entities shall be confidential, except to the extent that the 
person or entity which provided such inform ation or which is the 
subject of such info rmation consents to disclosure.  Executive 
sessions may be held to discuss such materials if deemed necessary 
by the Trust.  The provisions of this sub section shall not ap ply to 
budgetary information related to app ropriations or the 
appropriations process. 
E.  The Trust may hold meetings by videoc onference where each 
member of the Trust is visible and audible to each other and the 
public through a video monitor at the designated meeting site and 
online website, subj ect to the following: 
1.  Each public meeting held by videoconference shall be 
recorded either by written, electronic, or other means; 
2.  The meeting notice and agenda prepared in advance of t he 
meeting, as required by law, shall indicate at least one 
videoconferencing location and shall state th e location, address, 
and telephone number of each available videoconference site and 
provide the online website address to view the meeting ; and 
3.  The meeting agenda pre pared in advance of the meeting, as 
required by law, shall indicate which members of the Trust will 
appear by video conference and which will be present at the 
designated meeting site.   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 17  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
SECTION 5.     NEW LAW     A new section of law to be codified 
in the Oklahoma Statutes as S ection 3294 of Title 63, unless there 
is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows: 
A.  The Oklahoma State University Medical Authori ty and the 
Oklahoma State University Medical Trust shall be, to the extent not 
already authorized by law, exemp t from the Public Competitive 
Bidding Act of 1974 for the purposes of the constructing of clinical 
facilities in furtherance of the purposes auth orized by the Oklahoma 
State University Medical Authority Act. 
B.  As used in this section, “clinical facilities” means any 
facility where the majority of the a ctivity occurring is the 
delivery of direct patient care services either in person or via 
telehealth technology. 
SECTION 6.     NEW LAW     A new section o f law to be codified 
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 103.9 of Title 61, unless there 
is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows: 
A.  The Oklahoma State University M edical Authority and the 
Oklahoma State University Medical Trust shall be, to the extent not 
already authorized by law, exempt from the Public Competitive 
Bidding Act of 1974 for the purposes of the constructing of clinical 
facilities in furtherance of the purposes authorized by the Oklahoma 
State University Medical Authority Act . 
B.  As used in this section, “clinical facilities” means any 
facility where the maj ority of the activity occurring is the   
 
ENGR. S. B. NO. 704 	Page 18  1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
  
delivery of direct patient care services either in person or via 
telehealth technology . 
SECTION 7.     REPEALER     63 O.S. 2021, Sections 3287 and 
3291, are hereby repealed. 
SECTION 8. This act shall become effective November 1, 2023. 
Passed the Senate the 23rd day of March, 2023. 
 
 
  
 	Presiding Officer of the Senate 
 
 
Passed the House of Representatives the ____ day of __________, 
2023. 
 
 
  
 	Presiding Officer of the House 
 	of Representatives