Req. No. 57 Page 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 STATE OF OKLAHOMA 1st Session of the 59th Legislature (2023) SENATE BILL 822 By: Daniels AS INTRODUCED An Act relating to students; creating the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act; providing short title; providing legislative intent; defining terms; creating the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program; providing for administration; providi ng method of application; providing for parent agreement; prohibiting certain discrimination; providing certain construction; requiring renewal of Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts on annual basis; allowing closure of accounts under certain circumstances; requiring no tification within certain time period of certain student enrolling in certain school; providing for suspension of deposits into account; providing for remittance of unused funds; providing for calculation of State Aid amount; requiring transfer of certa in calculated amount on a monthly basis; prohibiting certain provider from sharing, refunding, or rebating an amount with a parent or certain stud ent; prohibiting personal deposits into certain account; prohibiting certain funds from being considered incom e; providing for accrual of account funds; requi ring certain agency to maintain list of certain providers; requiring certain agency to provide certain information to certain parents; requiring notice to be provided to parents of certain children; allowing certain agency to contract with certain firm or organization; allowing withholding of certain p ercentage of funds to administer program; requiring the establishment of certain payment system; requiring implementation of certain system to share information about education service providers; providing for partial payment to an education service provid er; authorizing certain auditing; providing for the removal of certain parent or student from eligibility under certain circumstances; allowing referral for certain investigation; providing for appeal; allowing for Req. No. 57 Page 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 payments to cease to certain providers un der certain circumstances; providing for appeal; al lowing acceptance of gifts and grants for certain purposes; providing for promulgation of rules; providing process for approving education service providers; directing provision of certain student records in accordance with certain act; providing certain construction; directing certain decrease in state funding upon certain finding of noncompliance; creating cause of action for certain noncompliance; creating the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Revolving Fund; specifying sour ces of fund; providing for expenditures; providing purpose of fund; providing for establishment of burden in certain legal proceeding; providing immunity from liability for certain actions; allowing certain parents to intervene in certain legal proceeding; providing for severability; providing legislative intent to increase certain appropriated amount; providing for codification; providing for noncodification; providing an effective date; and declaring an emergency. BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA: SECTION 1. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codi fied in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-100 of Title 70, unless there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows: A. This act shall be known and may be cited as the “Oklahoma Education Freedom Act ”. B. It is the intent of the Legislature that parents, legal guardians, and others with legal authority over children in this state be able to access educational services that meet the needs of their individual children by dir ecting State Aid for which each child is eligible to the education provider of their cho ice. The Req. No. 57 Page 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Legislature affirms that parents and legal guardia ns are best suited to make decisions to help children in this state reach their full potential and achieve a brighter future. SECTION 2. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-101 of Title 70, unless there is created a duplication in numb ering, reads as follows: A. As used in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act: 1. “Agency” means the Office of the Stat e Treasurer; 2. “Curriculum” means a complete course of study for a particular content area or grade level; 3. “Oklahoma Education Freedom Account” means the account in which funds are deposited by the Agency to pay for qualifying education expenses for an eligible student; 4. “Education service provider” means a person, business, public school district, public charter school, magnet school, institution within The Oklahoma State System of Higher Education, or organization that receives payments from a parent directing an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account to provide educational goods and/or services to Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students; 5. “Eligible student” means a resident of this sta te who is eligible to enroll in a public school in th is state; 6. “Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student” means an eligible student approved to participate in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program; Req. No. 57 Page 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 7. “Parent” means a biological or adoptive parent, legal guardian, custodian, or o ther person with legal authority to act on behalf of an eligible student; and 8. “Qualified expense” means the following services provided by an education service provider: a. tuition and/or fees at a private school accredited or in the process of obtaining accreditation from the State Board of Education or another accrediting association approved by the State Board of Education, b. tuition and/or fees for non-public online learning programs, c. tutoring services pro vided by an individual or a tutoring facility, d. services contracted for and provid ed by a public school district, public charter schoo l, or magnet school including but not limited to classes and extracurricular activities and pr ograms, e. textbooks, curriculum, or other instructional materials including but not limited to supplemental materials or associated online instruction required by an education service provider, f. computer hardware or other tec hnological devices, educational software, and applications that are used to meet an eligible student’s curriculum needs, Req. No. 57 Page 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 g. tuition and/or fees for a curricul um or program, along with related instruments, supplies, accessories, and materials, that provides instruction in drama, music, speech and debate, agriculture, or other similar activities, h. school uniforms, i. fees for nationally standardized assessments including but not limited to assessments used to determine college admission and advanced placement examinations as well as tuition and/or fees for tutoring or preparatory courses for the assessments, j. tuition and/or fees for summer education programs a nd specialized after-school education programs; provided, however, that such expense does not include before- school or after-school child care, k. tuition, fees, instructional materials, and assessment fees for a curriculum or program offered by a technology center school, l. educational services and therapies including but not limited to occupational, be havioral, physical, speech- language, and audiology therapies, m. tuition and fees for concurrent enrollment at an institution within The Oklahoma State System of Higher Education, Req. No. 57 Page 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 n. fees for transportation pa id to a fee-for-service provider for the studen t to travel to and from an education service provid er, or o. any other qualified expense approved by the Agency. B. There is hereby created the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program to be administered by the Agency to provide an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account for qualified expenses to support the education of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students in this state. C. 1. To apply for an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account, a parent of an eligible s tudent shall submit an application to the Agency on a form prescribed by the Agency and published on its website. The application may be submitted online or by mail. 2. The Agency shall establish procedures to approve applications within ten (10 ) business days after receipt. There shall be no deadline for submission of applications. Applications shall be approved if the parent signs an agreement to do all of the following: a. use the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account only for qualified expenses to prov ide an education for an eligible student in at least the subjects of reading, English language art s, mathematics, science, and social studies, Req. No. 57 Page 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 b. not enroll the eligible student as a full-time student in a public school district, public charter school, or magnet school after acceptance of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account, c. comply with rules and requirements of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program established by the Agency, and d. not accept a scholarship from the Lindsey Nico le Henry Scholarships for Students with Disabilities Program created by Section 13-101.2 of Title 70 of the Oklahoma Statutes while participating in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program. 3. No student shall, on the ground s of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination und er this program. D. Nothing in this act shall be con strued to require that an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student be enrolled full time or part time in a private school or a nonpublic online school. E. The Agency shall renew Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts on an annual basis. An account may be closed if: 1. The parent of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student enrolls the student as a fu ll-time student in a public school, as provided for by subsection F of this section; Req. No. 57 Page 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2. The Agency closes the account due to intentional misuse as provided for in Section 3 of this act; or 3. The Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student graduates from high school or reaches the age of twenty-one (21), whichever comes first. F. The parent of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student shall notify the Agency within five (5) days of the student enrolling in a public school district, public ch arter school, or magnet school. Upon receipt of the notific ation required by this subsection, the Agency shall suspend deposits into the student’s Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. Any unused funds remaining in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account at the end of the applicable calendar year shall be remitted to the General Revenue Fund. G. 1. For each eligible student approved to participate in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program, the A gency shall notify the State Department of Education and request calculation of the amount of State Aid for which the student is eligible. Within ten (10) business days of receiving the request, the State Dep artment of Education shall notify the Agency of the calculated amoun t, which shall be equivalent to the total State Aid factors including pupil category weights for the applicable school year multiplied by the grade weight generated by the student for the applicable school year. Req. No. 57 Page 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2. The State Department of Educatio n on a monthly basis shall transfer to the Agency for deposit into the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Revolving Fund created pursuant to Section 5 of this act an amount equal to one-twelfth (1/12) of the total amount necessary to fund all Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts requested for the applicable school year. Within ten (10) business days of a deposit required by this paragraph, the Agency shall make funds available in Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts. 3. Prior to the monthly deposit required by this sub section, the Agency shall notify the State Department of Education if changes to the number of participating Oklahoma Education Freedom Acco unt students will result in a modification of the monthly deposit amount. H. An education service provider shall not share, refund, or rebate any amount of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account with the parent or the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student. A refund or rebate for goods or services purchased with an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account shall be credited to the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. I. Parents shall be prohibited from making personal deposits into an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. However, no parent shall be restricted from making payments for educational goo ds and services not covered by funds in a stu dent’s Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. Req. No. 57 Page 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 J. Monies received pursuant to the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program shall not constitute taxable income to the parent or Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student. K. Funds deposited into an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account but unused shall accrue from month to month and from year to year unless the account is closed pursuant to the provision s of subsection E of this section. SECTION 3. NEW LAW A new section of law to be c odified in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-102 of Title 70, unless there is created a duplication in numb ering, reads as follows: A. To implement the provisions of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act, the Agency shall maintain and make publicly available on its website an updated list of education service providers. B. The Agency shall provide parents of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students a written explanation of qual ified expenses for which an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account may be used, the responsibilities of parents, the duties of the Agency , and the role of any private financial management firm or other pr ivate organization with which the Agency may contract to admin ister the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act. C. The Agency shall provide parents of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students with disabilities notice that participation in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program shall have the same effect as a parental revocation of consent pursuant to 20 Req. No. 57 Page 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 U.S.C., Sections 1414(a)(1)(D) an d 1414(C) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and an explanation of the rights parents of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students with disabilities have under IDEA and any applicable state laws and regulations. D. The Agency may contract with a private financial management firm or other private organization to administer in full or in part the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program. E. The Agency may withhold funding from deposits made pursuant to subsection G of S ection 2 of this act to administer the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program in an amount not to exceed five percent (5%) annually for the first two years after the effective date of this act and three percent (3 %) annually thereafter. F. The Agency shall establish a commercially viable, cost- effective, and parent -friendly system of payment for services from Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts to education service providers by electronic or onlin e funds transfer. 1. The system of payment established pursuant to this subsection shall provide maximum flexibility for parents by facilitating direct payments to education service providers whenever possible, provide a parent -friendly system for requests f or pre- approval of qualified exp enses, and timely reimbursement for qualified expenses. Req. No. 57 Page 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2. The Agency may contract with private entities to develop the payment system. G. The Agency shall implement a commercially viable, cost - effective, and parent -friendly system for parents to pub licly rate, review, and share information about education service providers. H. If an education serv ice provider requires par tial payment of tuition or fees to reserve a place for an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student prior to the start of the sc hool year, the partial payment may be paid by the Agency prior to the start of the school year in which the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account is opened and may be deducted in equal amounts from month ly deposits into Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts. If the parent of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student chooses not to use the education service provider, the partial reservation payment shall be re mitted to the Agency within fifteen (15 ) business days of notification of the decision and credited to the student’s Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. I. The Agency shall have the authority to conduct an audit or contract for the auditing of Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts and shall conduct random audits of ten percent (10%) of Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts on an annual basis. J. The Agency shall have the authority to remove any parent or Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student from eligibility for an Req. No. 57 Page 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account in the event of intentional and substantial misuse of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds. 1. The Agency shall create procedures to ensure a fair process to determine whether an inte ntional and substantial misuse of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds has occurred. If misuse by a parent is established but the Oklahoma Education Free dom Account student is determined to be free from personal misconduc t, he or she shall be eligible for an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account in the future if placed with a different parent, guardian, or other person with legal authority to act on behalf of the student. 2. The Agency shall have the authority to refer suspe cted cases of intentional and substa ntial misuse of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds to the A ttorney General for investigation if evidence of fraudulent use of funds is obtained. 3. A parent or Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student may, pursuant to the Administrative Procedure s Act, appeal the Agency’s decision to remove the parent or student from eligibility for an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. K. The Agency may cease payments to an education service provider from Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts if the Agency determines the education service provider has: 1. Intentionally an d substantially misreprese nted information or failed to refund any overp ayments in a timely manner; or Req. No. 57 Page 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2. Routinely failed to provide Oklahoma Education Freedo m Account students with promised educational goods or services. L. The Agency shall create procedures to ensure a fair process to determine whether an education service provider should be prohibited from receiving payments from Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts. 1. If the Agency prohibits an education service provider from receiving payments pursuant to this subsection, the Agency shall notify parents and Oklahoma Education Freedom Acco unt students of its decision within ten (10) days . 2. Education service providers may, pursuant to the Administrative Procedures Act, appeal the Agency’s decision to prohibit them from receiving Oklahoma Education Freedom Account payments. M. The Agency may accept gifts and grants from any source to support administration of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program, to inform the public about the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program, and to fund additional Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts. N. The Agency may promulgate rules to implement the provisions of this act, which shall include but not be limited to: 1. Establishing or contracting for the establishment of an online anonymous fraud reporting service; Req. No. 57 Page 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2. Establishing an anon ymous telephone hotline for fraud reporting; 3. Requiring a surety bond for e ducation service providers receiving more than One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds; and 4. Refunding payments from education service providers back to Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts. SECTION 4. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-103 of Title 70, unless there is created a duplication in numb ering, reads as follows: A. The Agency may approve education service providers on its own initiative, at the request of parents, or at the request of a prospective education service provider. B. A prospective education servi ce provider seeking to participate in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program shall: 1. Submit notice to the Agency that it wishes to participate and receive Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds designated by parents for payment of educational goods and services ; and 2. Agree not to refund, rebate, or share Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds with parents or Oklahoma Education F reedom Account students in any manner, except that funds may be remitted or refunded to an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. C. A public school district, public charter school, or magnet school in which an Oklahoma Education Fre edom Account student was Req. No. 57 Page 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 enrolled shall provide a private school that is an education servi ce provider and that has an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student enrolled with a complete copy of the student’s records within five (5) business days of receiving the request for records . The provision of records pursuant to this subsection shall be in accordance with the provisions of the F amily Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). D. Nothing in this act shall limit the independence or autonomy of an education service provider or make the actions of an education service provider the actions of state government. Education service providers shall be given maximum freedom to provide for the educational needs of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students without governmental control. 1. An education service provider that accepts payment from an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account as directed by parents pursuant to this act shall not be considered an agent of the state or federal government. 2. An education service provider shall not be required to alter its creed, practices, admissions policy , or curriculum to accept payments as directed by paren ts from an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. E. Nothing in this act shall be construed to expand th e regulatory authority of the state, its officers, or any public school to impose any additional regulation of education service Req. No. 57 Page 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 providers beyond those necessary to en force the requirements of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program. F. Upon a judicial finding of noncompliance with the provisions of subsections D and E of this section, the Agency shall receive a five percent (5%) decrease in state funding for the fiscal year following the year of noncompliance. G. A parent or legal guardian of a n Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student shall have a cause of action against the Agency for noncompliance with the provisions of subsections D and E of this section. SECTION 5. NEW LAW A new secti on of law to be codified in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-104 of Title 70, unless there is created a duplication in numb ering, reads as follows: There is hereby created in the State Treasury a revolving fund for the Office of the State Treasurer to be designated the “Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Revolving Fund”. The fund shall be a continuing fund, not subject to fiscal year limitations, and shall consist of all monies received by the Office of the State Treasurer from appropriations, gifts, grants, donations, and bequests . All monies accruing to the credit of the fund are hereby appropriated and may be budgeted and expended by the Office of the State Treasurer for the purpose of implementing the provisions of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act . Expenditures from the fund shall be made upon warrants issued by the State Treasurer aga inst claims Req. No. 57 Page 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 filed as prescribed by law with th e Director of the Office of Management and Enterprise Services for approval and payment. SECTION 6. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-105 of Title 70, unless there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows: A. In any legal proceeding challenging the application of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act to an education service provider, the state shall bear the burden of establish ing both that its action is necessary and that it does not impose any undue burden on the education service provider. B. No liability shall arise on the part of the Agen cy, the state, a public school district, a public charter scho ol, or a magnet school based on the award of or use of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account pursuant to this act. C. If any part of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act is challenged in a state court as vio lating either the state or federal constitutions, parents of e ligible students and Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students shall be permitted to intervene for the purposes of defending the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program’s constitutionality. However, for the purposes of judicial administration, a court may requir e that all parents of eligible students and Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students file a joint brief so long as they are not require d to join any brief filed on behalf of any named state defendant. Req. No. 57 Page 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 D. The provisions of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act shall be severable, and if any provision of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affe ct the other provisions or applications of this act, which can be given effect without the invalid provision or a pplication. SECTION 7. NEW LAW A new section of law not to be codified in the Oklahoma Statutes reads as follows: It is the intent of t he Legislature to increase the amount appropriated to the State Board of Education for the financ ial support of public schools from the midyear adjusted level of Two Billion Four Hundred T wenty-five Million Two Hundred Fifty -six Thousand Five Hundred Ninet y-eight Dollars ($2,425,256,598.00) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, to Two Billion Seve n Hundred Million Dollars ($2,700,000,000.00) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024, to accomplish the purposes of this act. SECTION 8. This act shall become effective July 1, 2023. SECTION 9. It being immediately neces sary for the preservation of the public peace, health , or safety, an emergency is hereby declared to exist, by reason whereof thi s act shall take effect and be in full force from and after its passage and appro val. 59-1-57 EB 1/19/2023 8:41:39 AM