HB2140 HFLR Page 1 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - FLOOR VERSION STATE OF OKLAHOMA 1st Session of the 60th Legislature (2025) COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE BILL NO. 2140 By: Kannady and Schreiber of the House and Thompson of the Senate COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE An Act relating to revenue and taxation; amending 68 O.S. 2021, Sections 2802, 2803, and 2817, as amended by Section 1, Chapter 374, O.S.L. 2022 (68 O.S. Supp. 2024, Section 2817), which relate to the Ad Valorem Tax Code; defining terms; expanding class ifications of property for purposes of ad valorem taxation; modifying the valuation procedure of certain real property for assessment; updating statutory references; updating statutory language; and providing an effective date. BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA: SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 68 O.S. 2021, Section 2802, is amended to read as follows: Section 2802. As used in Section 2801 et seq. of this title: 1. “Accepted standards for mass appraisal practi ce” means those standards for the collection and analysis of information about taxable properties within a taxing jurisdiction permitting the HB2140 HFLR Page 2 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 accurate estimate of fair cash value for similar properties in the jurisdiction either without direct observation of such similar properties or without direct sales price information for such similar properties using a reliable statistical or other method to estimate the values of such properties; 2. “Additional homestead exemption” means the exemption provided by Section 2890 of this title; 3. “Assessor” means the county assessor and, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, deputy assessors and persons employed by the county assessor in performance of duties imposed by law; 4. “Assess and value” means to est ablish the fair cash value and taxable fair cash value of taxable real and personal property pursuant to requirements of law; 5. “Assessed valuation” or “assessed value” means the percentage of the fair cash value of personal property, or the percentage of the taxable fair cash value of real property, pursuant to the provisions of Sections 8 and 8B of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution, either of individual items of personal property, parcels of real property or the aggrega te total of such individual taxable items or parcels within a jurisdiction; 6. “Assessment percentage” means the percentage applied to personal property and real property pursuant to Section 8 of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution; HB2140 HFLR Page 3 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 7. “Assessment ratio” means the relationship be tween assessed value and taxable fair cash value for a county or for use categories within a county expressed as a percentage determined in the annual equalization ratio study; 8. “Assessment roll” means a computerized or nonc omputerized record required by law to be kept by the county assessor and containing information about property within a taxing jurisdiction; 9. “Assessment year” means the year beginning January 1 of each calendar year and ending on December 31 preceding the following January 1 assessment date; 10. “Circuit breaker” means the form of property tax relief provided by Sections 2904 through 2911 of this title; 11. “Class of subjects” means a category of property specifically designated pursuant to provisions of the Oklahoma Constitution for purposes of ad valorem taxation; 12. “Code” means the Ad Valorem Tax Code, Section 2801 et seq. of this title; 13. “Coefficient of dispersion” means a statistical measure of assessment uniformity for a category of property or for all property within a taxing jurisdiction; 14. “Confidence level” means a statistical procedure for determining the degree of reliability for use in reporting the assessment ratio for a taxing jurisdiction; HB2140 HFLR Page 4 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 15. “Cost approach” means a method us ed to establish the fair cash value of property involving an estimate of current construction cost of improvements, subtracting accrued depreciation including any loss in value that may be caused by physical deterioration, functional obsolescence or economic obsolescence and adding th e value of the land. a. Physical deterioration is a cause of depreciation that is a loss in value due to ordinary wear and tear and the forces of nature. b. Functional or internal obsolescence is the loss in value of a property resulting from changes in ta stes, preferences, technical innovations or market standards. c. Economic or external obsolescence is a cause of depreciation that is a loss in value as a result of impairment in utility and desirability caused by factors outside the boundaries of the prop erty or loss of value in a property (relative to the cost of replacing it with a property of equal utility) that stems from factors external to the property; 16. “County board of equalization” means the board which, upon hearing competent evidence, has th e authority to correct and adjust the assessment rolls in its respective county to conform to fair HB2140 HFLR Page 5 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 cash value and such other responsibilities as prescribed in Section 2801 et seq. of this title; 17. “Equalization” means the process for making adjustments to taxable property values within a county by analyzing the relationships between assessed values and fair cash values in one or more use categories within the county or between counties by analyzing the relationship between as sessed value and fair cash value in each county; 18. “Equalization ratio study” means the analysis of the relationships between assessed values and fair cash values in the manner provided by law; 19. “Fair cash value” or “market value” means the value or price at which a willing buy er would purchase property and a willing seller would sell property if both parties are knowledgeable about the property and its uses and if neither party is under any undue pressure to buy or sell and for real property shall m ean the value for the highest and best use for which such property was actually used, or was previously classified for use, during the calendar year next preceding the applicable January 1 assessment date; 20. “Homestead exemption” means the reduction in the taxable value of a homestead as authorized by law; 21. “Income and expense approach” means a method to estimate fair cash value of a property by determining the present value of the projected income stream; HB2140 HFLR Page 6 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22. “List and assess” means the process by which taxable property is discovered, its description recorded for purposes of ad valorem taxation and its fair cash value and taxable fair cash value are established; 23. “Mill” or “millage” means the rate of tax imposed upon taxable value. One (1) mill equals One Dollar ($1.00) of tax for each One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) of taxable value; 24. “Multiple regression analysis” means a statistical technique for estimating unknown data on the basis of known and available data; 25. “Parcel” means a cont iguous area of land described in a single description by a deed or other instrument or as one of a number of lots on a plat or plan, separately owned and capable of being separately conveyed; 26. “Residential rental housing” means any single tax parcel that contains a building or bui ldings that are constructed and used for multifamily housing or contains two or more single family homes that are constructed for rental purposes. For the purposes of this paragraph, “multifamily housing” shall mean residentia l buildings or complexes that contain multiple separate units or dwellings intended for occupancy by multiple families or households; 27. “Sales comparison approach” means the collection, verification, and screening of sales data, stratification of sales HB2140 HFLR Page 7 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 information for purposes of c omparison and use of such information to establish the fair cash value of taxable property; 27. 28. “State Board of Equalization” means the Board responsible for valuation of railroad, airline and public service corporation property and the adjustment and equalization of all property values both centrally and locally assessed; 28. 29. “Taxable value” means the percentage of the fair cash value of personal property or the taxable fair cash value of real property, less applicable exemptions, upon which an a d valorem tax rate is levied pursuant to the provisions of Section 8 and Section 8B of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution; 29. 30. “Taxable fair cash value” means the fair cash value of locally assessed real property as ca pped pursuant to Section 8B o f Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution; 30. 31. “Use category” means a subcategory of real property , that is either agricultural use, residential use or commercial/industrial use but does not and shall not constitute a class of subjects within the meani ng of the Oklahoma Constitution for purposes of ad valorem taxation; 31. 32. “Use value” means the basis for establishing fair cash value of real property pursuant to the requirement of Section 8 of Article X of the Oklahoma C onstitution; and 32. 33. “Visual inspection program” means the program required in order to gather data about real property from physical HB2140 HFLR Page 8 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 examination of the property and improvements in order to establish the fair cash values of properties so inspected at least once each four (4) years and the fair cash values of similar properties on an annual basis. SECTION 2. AMENDATORY 68 O.S. 2021, Section 2803, is amended to read as follows: Section 2803. A. The Legislature, pursuant to au thority of Article X, Section 22 of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution, hereby classifies the following types of property for purposes of ad valorem taxation: 1. Real property, except as provided by paragraph 6 of this subsection; 2. Personal property, except as provided in para graph 3 of this subsection; 3. Personal property which is household goods of the head of families and livestock employed in support of the family in those counties which have exempted such property pursuant to subsection (b) B of Section 6 of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution; 4. Public service corporation property; and 5. Railroad and air carrier property ; and 6. Real property containing improvements constructed for the purposes of providing residential rental housing . B. Valuation of each class of subjects shall be made by a method appropriate for each class or any subclass thereof, as HB2140 HFLR Page 9 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 established by the Ad Valorem Division of the Oklahoma Tax Commission. C. Classification as provided by this section shall require uniform treatment of each item within a class or any subclass as provided in Article X, Section 5 of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution. SECTION 3. AMENDATORY 68 O.S. 2021, Section 2817, as amended by Section 1, Chapter 374, O.S.L. 2022 (68 O.S. Supp. 2024, Section 2817), is amended to read as follows: Section 2817. A. All taxable personal property, except intangible personal property, personal property exempt from ad valorem taxation, or household personal property, shall be l isted and assessed each year at its fair cash value, estimated at the price it would bring at a fair voluntary sale, as of January 1. The fair cash value of household personal property shall be valued at ten percent (10%) of the appraised value of the improvement to the residential re al property within which such personal property is located as of January 1 each year. The assessment of household personal property as provided by this section may be altered by the taxpayer listing such property at its actual fair cash value. For purpos es of establishing the value of household personal property, pursuant to the requirement of Section 8 of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution, the percentage of value prescribed by this section for the household personal property shall HB2140 HFLR Page 10 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 be presumed to constitute the fair cash value of the personal property. Stocks of goods, wares, and merchandise shall be assessed at the value of the average amount on hand during the preceding year, or the average amount on hand during the part of the preceding year the stock of goods, wares, or merchandise was at its January 1 location. Provided, persons primarily engaged in selling lumber and other building materials including cement and concrete, except for home centers classified under Industry No. 444110 of the North American Industrial Classification Systems (NAICS) Manual, shall be assessed at the average value of the inventory on hand as of January 1 of each year and the value of the inventory on hand as of December 31 of the same year. B. All taxable real property shall be assessed annually as of January 1, at its fair cash value, estimated at the price it would bring at a fair voluntary sale for: 1. The highest and best use for which the property was actually used during the preceding calendar year; or 2. The highest and best use for which the property was last classified for use if not actually used during the preceding calendar year. When improvements upon residential real property are divided by a taxing jurisdiction line, those im provements shall be valued an d HB2140 HFLR Page 11 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 assessed in the taxing jurisdiction in which the physical majority of those improvements are located. The Ad Valorem Division of the Oklahoma Tax Commission shall be responsible for the promulgation of rules which shall be followed by each county assessor of the state, for the purposes of providing for the equitable use valuation of locally assessed real property in this state. Agricultural land and nonresidential improvements necessary or convenient for agricultural purposes shall be assessed for ad valorem taxation based upon the highest and best use for which the property was actually used, or was previously classified for use, during the calendar year next preceding January 1 on which the assessment is made. C. The use value of agricultural land shal l be based on the income capitalization approach using cash rent. The rental income shall be calculated using the direct capitalization method based upon factors including, but not limited to: 1. Soil types, as depicted on so il maps published by the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture; 2. Soil productivity indices approved by the Ad Valorem Division of the Tax Commission; 3. The specific agricultural purpose of the soil based on use categories approved b y the Ad Valorem Division of the Tax Commission; and HB2140 HFLR Page 12 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 4. A capitalization rate to be determined annually by the Ad Valorem Division of the Tax Commission based on the sum of the average first mortgage interest rate charged by t he Federal Land Bank for the immediately preceding five (5) years, weighted with the prevailing rate or rates for additional loans or equity, and the effective tax rate. The final use value will be calculated using the soil productivity indices and the agricultural use classification as defined by rules promulgated by the State Board of Equalization. This subsection shall not be construed in a manner which is inconsistent with the duties, powers, and authority of the Board as to valuation of the counties a s fixed and defined by Sectio n 21 of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution. However, in calculating the use value of buffer strips as defined in Section 2817.2 of this title, exclusive consideration shall be based only on income from production agriculture from such buffer strips, not including federal or state subsidies, when valued as required by subsection C of Section 2817.2 of this title. D. The use value of nonresidential improvements on agricultural land shall be based on the cost approach to value estimation using currently updated cost manuals published by the Marshall and Swift Company or similar cost manuals approved by the Ad Valorem Division of the Tax Commission. The use value estimates for the nonresidential improvements shall take obsolescence and depreciation HB2140 HFLR Page 13 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 into consideration in addition to necessary adjustments for local variations in the cost of labor and materials. This section shall not be construed in a manner which is inconsistent with the duties, powers, and authority of the Boar d as to equalization of valua tion of the counties as determined and defined by Section 21 of Article X of the Oklahoma Constitution. The use value of facilities used for poultry production shall be determined according to the following procedures: 1. The Ad Valorem Division of the Ta x Commission is hereby directed to develop a standard system of valuation of both real and personal property of such facilities, which shall be used by all county assessors in this state, under which valuation based on the following shall be presumed to be the fair cash value of the property: a. for real property, a ten -year depreciation schedule, at the end of which the residual value is twenty percent (20%) of the value of the facility during its first year of operation, and b. for personal property, a fi ve-year depreciation schedule, at the end of which the residual value is zero; 2. Such facilities shall be valued only in comparison to other facilities used exclusively for poultry production. Such a facility HB2140 HFLR Page 14 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 which is no longer used for poultry producti on shall be deemed to have no productive use; 3. During the first year such a facility is placed on the tax rolls, its fair cash value shall be presumed to be the lesser of the actual purchase price or the actual documented cost of construction; and 4. For the purpose of determining the valuation of nonresidential improvements used for poultry production, the provisions of this subsection shall be applicable and such improvements shall not be considered to be commercial proper ty. E. The value of investme nt in property used exclusively by an oil refinery that is used wholly as a facility, device, or method for the desulphurization of gasoline or diesel fuel as defined in Section 2817.3 of this title shall not be included in the capitalization used in the d etermination of fair market value of such oil refinery if such property would qualify as exempt property pursuant to Section 2902 of this title, whether or not an application for such exemption is made by an otherwise qualifyin g manufacturing concern ownin g the property described by Section 2817.3 of this title. F. The use value of a lot in any platted addition or a subdivision in a city, town, or county zoned for residential, commercial, industrial, or other use shall be deemed to be the fair cash value of the underlying tract of land platted, divided by the HB2140 HFLR Page 15 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 number of lots contained in the platted addition or subdivision until the lot shall have been conveyed to a bona fide purchaser or the lot with building or buildings locate d thereon shall have been occupied other than as a sales office by the owner thereof, or shall have been leased, whichever event shall first occur. One who purchases a lot for the purposes of constructing and selling a building on such lot shall not be deemed to be a bona fide purcha ser for purposes of this section. However, if the lot is held for a period longer than two (2) years before construction, then the assessor may consider the lot to have been conveyed to a bona fide purchaser. The cost of any land or improvements to any r eal property required to be dedicated to public use including, but not limited to, streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, storm or sanitary sewers, utilities, detention or retention ponds, easements, parks, or reserves shall not be utilized by the county asse ssor in the valuation of any real property for assessment purposes. G. The transfer of real property without a change in its use classification shall not require a reassessment thereof based exclusively upon the sale value of the property. However, if th e county assessor determines: 1. That by reason of the transfer of a property there is a change in the actual use or classification of the property; or 2. That by reason of the amount of the sales consideration it is obvious that the use classification p rior to the transfer of the HB2140 HFLR Page 16 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 property is not commensurate with and would not justify the amount of the sales consideration of the property; then the assessor shall, in either event, reassess the property for the new use classifi cation for which the property is being used, or, the highest and best use classification for which the property may, by reason of the transfer, be classified for use. H. When the term “fair cash value” or the language “fair cash value, estimated at the price it would bring at a fair voluntary sale” is used in the Ad Valorem Tax Code, in connection with and in relation to the assessment of real property, it is defined to mean and shall be given the meaning ascribed and assigned to it in this section and when the term or language is use d in the Code in connection with the assessment of personal property , it shall be given its ordinary or literal meaning. I. Where any real property is zoned for a use by a proper zoning authority, and the use of the property has not been changed, the use and not zoning shall determine assessment. Any reassessment required shall be effective January 1 following the change in use. Taxable real property need not be listed annually with the county assessor. J. If any real proper ty shall become taxable after January 1 of any year, the county assessor shall assess the same and place it upon the tax rolls for the next ensuing year. When any building is constructed upon land after January 1 of any year, the value of the HB2140 HFLR Page 17 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 building shall be added by the county ass essor to the assessed valuation of the land upon which the building is constructed at the fair cash value thereof for the next ensuing year. However, after the building has been completed it shall be deemed to have a value for assessment purposes of the f air cash value of the materials used in such building only, until the building and the land on which the building is located shall have been conveyed to a bona fide purchaser or shall have been occupied or used for any purpose other than as a sales office by the owner thereof, or shall have been leased, whichever event shall first occur. The county assessor shall continue to assess the building based upon the fair market value of the materials used therein until the building an d land upon which the building is located shall have been conveyed to a bona fide purchaser or is occupied or used for any purpose other than as a sales office by the owner thereof, or is leased, whichever event shall first occur. In the event a building or buildings described by this subsection are intended to serve primarily as residential rental housing, after the building or buildings have been completed they shall be deemed to have an initial value for assessment purposes not to exceed the fair cash v alue of the land and the actual documented cost of any improvements made to the building or buildings. The county assessor shall continue to assess such building or buildings at a value not to exceed the fair cash value of the land and actual documented cost of any improvements made HB2140 HFLR Page 18 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 until either two (2) years have passed since the date on which the building or buildings were first reflected on the tax rolls, or the building or buildings and the land on which the building or buildings are located shall have been conveyed to a bona fide purchaser, whichever event shall first occur. K. In the event improvements on land or personal property located therein or thereon are destroyed or partially destroyed, or the land itself is impaired or partially impaired by fire, lightning, storm, winds , floodwaters, overflow of streams, or other cause (all such destruction or impairments being referred to herein as “damage”) during any year, the county assessor shall determine the amount of damage and shall reassess the prop erty for that year at the fair cash value of the property, taking into account the actual loss of functional use of the property occasioned by such damage. The assessor shall make the appropriate value adjustments to the property for that tax year up to the time at which the assessor publishes the “Assessor’s assessor’s Report to the Excise Board” Board as required by subsection D of Section 2867 of this title. After such time, adjustments can be made only by the county board of tax roll corrections and o nly after the assessor has certified the tax roll for that year. The board secretary shall notify property owners in advance of the time and place at which the value adjustment to their property will be heard by the board. The HB2140 HFLR Page 19 BOLD FACE denotes Committee Amendments. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 board of tax roll corrections is authorized only to appr ove or reject the value adjustment submitted by the county assessor. L. All taxable personal property used in the exploration of oil, natural gas, or other minerals including drilling equipment and rigs, shall be assessed annu ally at the value set forth i n the first Hadco International monthly bulletin published for the tax year, using the appropriate depth rating assigned to the drawworks by its manufacturer and the actual condition of the rig. M. The value of taxable tangible personal property used in commercial disposal systems of waste materials from the production of oil and gas shall not include any contract rights or leases for the use of such systems nor any value associated with the wellbore or non-recoverable down-hole material including casing. SECTION 4. This act shall become effective November 1, 2025. COMMITTEE REPORT BY: COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS AND BUDGET, dated 03/06/2025 - DO PASS, As Amended and Coauthored.