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STATE OF OKLAHOMA
1st Session of the 60th Legislature (2025)
SENATE BILL 1120 By: Daniels
AS INTRODUCED
An Act relating to the Oklahoma Pleading Code;
amending 12 O.S. 2021, Sections 2008 and 2009, which
relate to general rules and speci al matters;
modifying requirements for certain claims and
averments; defining term; conforming language; making
language gender neutral; and providing an effective
date.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 12 O.S. 2021, Section 2008, is
amended to read as follows:
Section 2008.
GENERAL RULES OF PLEADING
A. CLAIMS FOR RELIEF. A pleading which sets forth a claim for
relief, whether an original claim, counterclaim, cross -claim or
third-party claim, shall contain:
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1. A short and plain statement , made with particularity of all
material facts known to the pleading party that support the claim
showing, that creates a reasonable inference that the pleader is
plausibly entitled to relief. For the purposes of this paragraph, a
material fact is a fact that is n ecessary to the claim and without
which the claim could not be supported. As to facts pleaded on
belief, the pleading party shall set forth with particularity the
factual information supporting the pleading party ’s belief; and
2. A demand for judgment for the relief to which he or she
deems himself or herself entitled. Every pleading demanding relief
for damages in money in excess of the amount required for diversity
jurisdiction pursuant to Section 1332 of Title 28 of the United
States Code shall, witho ut demanding any specific amount of money,
set forth only that the amount sought as damages is in excess of the
amount required for diversity jurisdiction pursuant to Section 13 32
of Title 28 of the United States Code, except in actions sounding in
contract. Every pleading demanding relief for damages in money in
an amount that is required for diversity jurisdiction pursuant to
Section 1332 of Title 28 of the United States Code or less shall
specify the amount of such damages sought to be recovered. Relie f
in the alternative or of several different types may be demanded.
B. DEFENSES; FORM OF DENIALS. A party shall state in short and
plain terms his or her defenses to each clai m asserted and shall
admit or deny the averments upon which the adverse party relies. If
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he or she is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a
belief as to the truth of an averment, he or she shall so state and
this statement has the effect o f a denial. Denials shall fairly
meet the substance of the averments denied. When a pleader intends
in good faith to deny only a part or a qualification of an averment,
he or she shall specify so much of it as is true and material and
shall deny only the remainder. Unless the pleader intends in good
faith to controvert all the averments of the preceding pleading, he
or she may make his or her denials as specific denials of designated
averments or paragraphs or he or she may generally deny all the
averments except such designated averments or paragraphs as he or
she expressly admits; but, when he or she does so intend to
controvert all its averments, he or she may do so by general denial
subject to the obligations set forth in Section 2011 of this title.
C. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES. In pleading to a preceding pleading,
a party shall set forth affirmatively:
1. Accord and satisfaction;
2. Arbitration and award;
3. Assumption of risk;
4. Contributory negligence;
5. Discharge in bankruptcy;
6. Duress;
7. Estoppel;
8. Failure of consideration;
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9. Fraud;
10. Illegality;
11. Injury by fellow servant;
12. Laches;
13. License;
14. Payment;
15. Release;
16. Res judicata;
17. Statute of frauds;
18. Statute of limitations;
19. Waiver; and
20. Any other matter constituting an avoidance or affirmative
defense.
When a party has mistakenly designated a defense as a
counterclaim or a counterclaim as a defense, the court on terms, if
justice so requires, shall treat the pleading as if there had been a
proper designation.
D. EFFECT OF FAILURE TO DENY. Averments in a pleading to which
a responsive pleading is required, other than those as to the amount
of damage, are admitted when not denied in the responsive pleading.
Averments in a pleading to which no res ponsive pleading is required
or permitted shall be taken as denied or avoided.
E. PLEADING TO BE CONCISE AND DIRECT ALTERNATIVE STATEMENTS ;
CONSISTENCY INCONSISTENCY.
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1. Each averment of a pleading shall be simple, concise, and
direct. No technical form s of pleadings or motions are required.
2. A party may set forth, and at trial rely on, two or more
statements of a claim or defense alternately or hypothetically,
either in one count or defense or in separate counts or defenses.
When two or more stateme nts are made in the alternative and one of
them if made independently would be sufficient, the pleading is not
made insufficient by the insufficiency of one or more of the
alternative statements. A party may also state as many separate
claims or defenses as he or she has regardless of consistency and
whether based on legal or equita ble grounds. All statements shall
be made subject to the obligations set forth in Section 2011 of this
title.
F. CONSTRUCTION OF PLEADINGS. All pleadings shall be so
construed as to do substantial justice.
SECTION 2. AMENDATORY 12 O.S. 2021, Section 2009, is
amended to read as follows:
Section 2009.
PLEADING SPECIAL MATTERS
A. CAPACITY. It is not necessary to aver the capacity of a
party to sue or be sued or the authority of a party to sue or be
sued in a representative capaci ty or the legal existence of an
organized association of persons that is made a party. When a party
desires to raise an issue as to the legal existence of any party or
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the capacity of any party to sue or be sued or the authority of a
party to sue or be sued in a representative capacity, he or she
shall do so by negative averment, which shall include such
supporting particulars as are peculiarly within the pleader ’s
knowledge, and he or she shall have the burden of proof on that
issue.
B. FRAUD, MISTAKE, C ONDITION OF THE MIND. In accordance with
paragraph 1 of subsection A of Section 2008 of this title, in all
averments of fraud or mistake, the circumstances constituting fraud
or mistake shall be stated with particularity. Malice, intent,
knowledge, and other condition of mind of a person may be averred
generally.
C. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT. In pleading the performance or
occurrence of conditions precedent, if the pleading otherw ise
satisfies the requirements of paragraph 1 of subsection A of Section
2008 of this title, it is sufficient to aver generally that all
conditions precedent have been performed or have occurred. A denial
of performance or occurrence shall be made specifi cally and with
particularity.
D. OFFICIAL DOCUMENT OR ACT. In pleading an official document
or official act, it is sufficient to aver that the document was
issued or the act done in compliance with law.
E. JUDGMENT. In pleading a judgment or decision o f a domestic
or foreign court, judicial or quasi -judicial tribunal, or of a boa rd
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or officer, it is sufficient to aver the judgment or decision
without setting forth matter showing jurisdiction to render it.
F. TIME AND PLACE. For the purpose of testing the sufficiency
of a pleading, averments of time and place are material and shall be
considered like all other averments of material matter.
G. SPECIAL DAMAGE. When items of special damage are claimed,
their nature shall be specifically stated. In actio ns where
exemplary or punitive damages are sought, the petition shall not
state a dollar amount for damages sought to be recovered but shall
state whether the amount of damages sought to be recovered is in
excess of or not in excess of the amount required for diversity
jurisdiction pursuant to Section 1332 of Title 28 of the United
States Code.
H. MOTION TO CLARIFY DAMAGES. If the amount of damages sought
to be recovered by the plaintiff is less than the amount required
for diversity jurisdiction pursuant to Section 1332 of Title 28 of
the United States Code, the defendant may file, for purposes of
establishing diversity jurisdiction only, a Motion to Clarify
Damages prior to the pretrial order to require the plaintiff to show
by a preponderance of the evi dence that the amount of damages, if
awarded, will not exceed the amount required for diversity. If the
court finds that any damages awarded are more likely than not to
exceed the amount of damages required for diversity jurisdiction,
the plaintiff shall amend his or her pleadings in conformance with
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paragraph 2 of subsection A of S ection 2008 of this title.
SECTION 3. This act shall become effective November 1, 2025.
60-1-1313 TEK 1/16/2025 3:50:37 PM