Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'pharmacy benefit managers'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- With me, I have Aaron Gonzalez, who actually used to work for Senator Blanco, and we managed to bring
- We do manage contracts, and when we do that, we bid them out.
- I mean from this agency about how to manage that long term.
- The tables are reversed now, and we're all benefiting from that. Every Texan, we're...
- Texans will benefit from that. Okay.
Keywords:
SB786, SB119, SB1186, geothermal injection wells, brine mining, environmental regulations, water management, Texas Railroad Commission, economic growth
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee focused on several key legislative initiatives, including the implementation of new regulations concerning geothermal injection wells as per SB786, and the jurisdiction over brine mining clarified by SB119 and SB1186. Commissioner Christy spoke about the achievements of the Railroad Commission of Texas in regulatory standards and emphasized the importance of updating environmental practices that safeguard groundwater and surface water while facilitating economic growth. Senators expressed their concerns regarding operational impacts on various sectors, highlighting the need for continued collaboration between agencies to address challenges related to water management and environmental compliance.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Our community wants this project, and North Texas will benefit greatly from it.
- All of our counties benefit from the work that they do.
- Now Addison has that same opportunity to benefit.
- My name is Edward Broussard, City Manager for the City of Tyler.
- I manage the hotel occupancy tax expenditures.
Bills:
HB1039, HB2289, HB2370, HB2404, HB3066, HB3076, HB3117, HB3118, HB3169, HB3178, HB3179, HB3182, HB3196, HB3241, HB3377, HB3500, HB3567, HB3715, HB3954, HB4098, HB4109, HB4222, HB4226, HB4412, HB4659, HB4682, HB4683, HB4755, HB4926, HB5165, HB5562, HB5596
Keywords:
hotel occupancy tax, municipal revenue, tax authority, border counties, tax legislation, municipalities, hotel tax revenue, convention centers, economic development, local government authority, hotel occupancy tax, county authority, tax revenue, economic impact, Oklahoma border, municipal tax revenue, hotel projects, convention centers, state tax code, economic development
Summary:
The committee meeting involved a range of discussions focused on local economic development through various House Bills primarily related to hotel occupancy taxes. Noteworthy was the presentation of House Bill 2370, which aims to allow municipalities like Harlingen to use hotel occupancy tax revenue retroactively for convention center expenses, facilitating fiscal responsibility and community involvement via voter approval. Representative Lopez encouraged support for the bill, highlighting its potential benefits for the city's budget and operational flexibility. Testimonies from local leaders, including Harlingen's Mayor, reinforced the need for this legislative change to support vital city projects.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs May 23rd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- within the community that it benefits.
- benefits to the people affected in the ASR region.
- But it will probably end up getting done because everybody's going to benefit from it.
- My name is Alan Day, General Manager of the Brazos Valley Groundwater Conservation District.
- It's our management tool.
Keywords:
water management, groundwater, Texas Water Trust, sustainability, House Bill 3333, House Bill 4158, ecological rights
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on a variety of bills primarily concerning water management and rights. Significant discussions included House Bill 3333, which addressed the management of groundwater and was moved favorably with a recommendation for local and contested calendars. Additionally, House Bill 4158 was passed unanimously, relating to the oversight of ecological water rights dedicated to the Texas Water Trust. Members of the committee emphasized the importance of these bills for sustainable water management practices in the state, reflecting a shift towards more responsible governance in resource use.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs (Part I) Apr 14th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- I am the manager for the city of Georgetown.
- Over 80% of that infrastructure actually benefits residents outside the city limits.
- Texas bats are an ecological treasure; their environmental benefits are well known.
- We aim to rescue hundreds or thousands of bats from buildings where property managers or department managers
- ...handling and management of bats.
Keywords:
water infrastructure, regional collaboration, Senate Bill 1169, water accessibility, Texas Senate Committee, public testimony, small communities, water shortages
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee was notably focused on critical infrastructure bills, particularly dealing with water resource management in Texas. Discussions centered around SB1169, which proposes a regional collaboration model to enhance water accessibility, particularly for small, rural communities facing significant water shortages. Advocates from various sectors provided testimony highlighting the urgency of addressing water supply issues exacerbated by population growth and climate challenges. Senator Hinojosa and other committee members expressed strong support for this initiative, emphasizing the need for expanded solutions and proactive legislation to secure Texas's water future.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Apr 30th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The water CCN, the development client, reached out to the WSC general manager to discuss whether the
- Each time, districts must also update their management plans every five years to incorporate.
- I hope that you all can see the benefits of working with property owners instead of...
- ...and management and organization.
- ...benefits around our great state.
Bills:
HB937, HB2078, HB2080, HB3322, HB3350, HB4212, HB4630, HB4896, HB4951, HB5348, HB5675, SB565, SB971, SB1662, SB2124
Keywords:
special districts, notice requirements, Water Code, government transparency, public meetings, special districts, meeting notice, transparency, Water Code, public engagement, special districts, notice, public meetings, elections, Water Code, groundwater management, water conservation, joint planning, environmental impact, desired future conditions
Summary:
The recent committee meeting showcased significant discussions around various groundwater management bills, emphasizing legislative accountability and environmental conservation efforts. Notably, HB4896 was presented, which aims to streamline the designation of brackish groundwater production zones, facilitating better management of Texas' water resources. Testimonies from multiple stakeholders underscored the necessity for transparency in groundwater conservation districts and the importance of adapting to climate impacts. Additionally, House Bill 4212 aimed to enhance interagency communication pertaining to land and water conservation, further stressing a collaborative approach to resource management.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Finance Jan 27th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- I want this for the benefit of a previous hearing.
- to our ability to provide some oversight and management.
- It would be a big benefit to our ability to provide some oversight and management of the judicial branch
- to our ability to provide some oversight and management.
- Moving on to Item 5, the Specialty Court Case Management System.
Keywords:
budget proposals, judicial services, salary increases, attorney shortage, indigent defense, rural legal access, funding requests
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Finance Committee was marked by extensive discussions around the budget proposals for various judicial services and the impact of proposed salary increases on staffing. Notably, there were concerns raised regarding a significant attorney shortage in rural areas, which has seen a 27% decline in attorneys taking positions compared to previous years. Scott Ehlers highlighted a crucial $12 million funding request aimed at addressing this shortfall to maintain the adequate operational capacity of indigent defense services across the state. The committee members, led by Chairman Hinojosa, emphasized the importance of finding solutions to improve legal access and representation in underserved areas to respond effectively to this critical issue.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part II) Mar 27th, 2025
Senate Business & Commerce Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- on the management of those funds.
- I believe Amazon actually manages it for them.
- Amazon does not manage by board. And so I'm getting that.
- I'm president and manager of Goodnight Weenie.
- They view it as a benefit for them.
Bills:
SB458, SB819, SB1238, SB1642, SB1643, SB1644, SB1791, SB1810, SB1824, SB1825, SB758, SB1455, SB1706
Keywords:
renewable energy, solar power, wind energy, public interest determination, environmental impact, property rights, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, insurance, discrimination, marital status, widowers, spousal death, equitable treatment, Texas Department of Insurance, commission appointments, insurance regulation, oversight, consumer advocacy, insurance rates, property insurance
Summary:
The meeting included discussions primarily focused on energy and insurance-related legislation. Senator Schwartner led the committee in reviewing multiple bills, with a notable emphasis on SB819, which faced opposition from various stakeholders, including energy providers and advocacy groups. Testimonies highlighted concerns about regulatory burdens potentially stifling renewable energy projects, which are crucial to Texas's energy needs. Furthermore, the committee examined SB458, aimed at improving the appraisal process for insurance claims, which garnered support from industry representatives for promoting fairness and transparency.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce May 23rd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
Additionally, the bill states that a managing agent is
- Benefit review conferences by videoconferencing.
- So those are all benefits.
- The benefits of blockchain...
- ...data management activities.
Keywords:
public records, transparency, workforce policies, healthcare access, dental workforce, Texas legislation
Summary:
The meeting focused on various legislative proposals with notable discussions surrounding bills aimed at improving transparency in public information access, adapting workforce policies for state employment, and addressing public health workforce shortages in Texas. The key highlights included HB4214 which seeks to centralize public records request processes for better accessibility, and HB1803 aimed at enhancing the state's dental workforce through participation in a compact with other states. Several members presented arguments highlighting the necessity of these legislative initiatives in light of ongoing economic and social challenges facing Texas. Public testimonies supported these bills, demonstrating stakeholder engagement and community concerns regarding transparency, workforce efficiency, and health access.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Natural Resources Aug 11th, 2025 at 01:08 pm
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the General Manager for Dow County Drainage District Number One.
- We cover and manage approximately.
- So we have a big area that we manage.
- Another key flood grant program that we manage is the FMA program.
- If money is spent on structures to recharge the aquifer, who benefits?
Keywords:
flood mitigation, water management, Delta Project, infrastructure, community impact, legislative response, flood infrastructure fund, climate adaptation
Summary:
The meeting of the committee emphasized the urgent need for effective flood mitigation strategies in response to recent severe flooding events in South Texas. Local officials, including Commissioner David Fuentes and General Manager Raul Sassin, presented the devastating impacts of heavy rainfall that inundated homes, destroyed infrastructure, and led to significant loss of life. They discussed the importance of projects like the Delta Region Water Management initiative, which aims to manage stormwater effectively while also addressing future water supply challenges. The legislators reiterated the legislature's ongoing commitment to funding and implementing robust flood management policies, underscoring the significance of community involvement in these efforts. The discussions also highlighted innovative approaches to capturing floodwaters for potable use as part of a broader water management strategy.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part II) Mar 31st, 2025
Senate Local Government Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- And that's with our city manager.
- The Texas City Manager Association recently did a survey.
- the benefits are.
- A lot of city managers in Texas...
- city manager of an even larger city.
Bills:
SB1079, SB1243, SB1504, SB1579, SB1708, SB1844, SB1851, SB1879, SB1921, SB1951, SB2237, SB2238, SB2406, SB2407
Keywords:
public utility agency, dissolution, local government, regulatory framework, municipal authority, telecommunication, board meetings, Gulf Coast Authority, conference call, videoconference, abandoned property, tax delinquency, urban development, receivership, local governance, disannexation, municipality, services, property owners, jurisdiction
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Local Government was marked by significant discussions on multiple bills aimed at enhancing governance and protecting taxpayer interests. Among the notable legislations was SB1951, where Senator Paxton emphasized reforms to reduce erroneous penalty notices imposed by appraisal districts, eliminating the financial incentive for such penalties. The session concluded with public testimonies that highlighted the importance of transparency and accountability in taxpayer dealings. Additionally, Senator Middleton presented SB1504 and SB2237, focusing on the operational frameworks of local authorities and executive severance payments, respectively, both of which sparked considerable debate among committee members.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Jul 15th, 2025 at 01:07 pm
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Groundwater management in Texas is important.
- area, we manage these wetlands for maximum wildlife benefits.
- Rural Texans gain the recreational benefits.
- The other 30% has to go down to help benefit the yield of Lake Livingston for the benefit of Houston
- And it provides no benefit.
Keywords:
groundwater management, high-capacity wells, legislation, water rights, Texas Water Development Board, export permits, community engagement, sustainability
Summary:
The meeting of the Texas House Natural Resources Committee was focused on issues surrounding groundwater management and recent legislative developments, specifically addressing concerns over high-capacity groundwater wells. Various experts and community members provided testimony emphasizing the need for thoughtful regulation to balance conservation and property rights. The discussions highlighted the necessity for legislative action to strengthen regulations, manage groundwater sustainably, and clarify the criteria for issuing export permits. Notably, the overwhelming participation from local residents showcased the community's commitment to addressing these critical water issues, which will have long-term implications for the region's land and resources. The meeting concluded with calls for further review of groundwater regulations with the intent to come up with effective solutions that prioritize the needs of local communities while ensuring sustainable water practices.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- A regimen that would require a company that benefits from this...
- It must verify compliance before tax benefits are granted.
- My name is Alex Loeffler, and I serve as the debt manager.
- We have a board of managers that...
- So our rapid recovery only benefits this state.
Bills:
HB19, HB30, HB851, HB1663, HB1681, HB1769, HB1937, HB1979, HB2428, HB2433, HB2825, HB3159, HB3424, HB3486, HB3487, HB3504, HB3605, HB3879, HB3994, HB4382, HB4752, HB5444, HB5446, HB5447, HB3199, HB4847
Keywords:
disaster relief, tax rates, local government, voter-approval tax rate, emergency services, homesteads, tax benefits, appraisal district, property taxes, reporting requirements, diesel fuel, tax credit, auxiliary power units, power take-off equipment, vehicle emissions, tax refund, sales tax, marketplace provider, payment processing, electronic transactions
Summary:
The committee meeting focused heavily on evaluating a series of bills aimed at improving fiscal responsibility and transparency in local government borrowing. A significant discussion centered around HB19, which proposes reforms to debt issuance by local governments. Members expressed concerns that some provisions could hinder local government operations. Some stakeholders acknowledged positive aspects of the proposed reforms but highlighted potential impacts on public safety and ongoing projects due to stricter debt limits. Throughout the meeting, various representatives voiced differing opinions, contributing to a robust dialogue on improving taxpayer protections while ensuring local governments can meet community needs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband Apr 16th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband
Transcript Highlights:
- And these companies will definitely benefit from this bill, and I'd like to just mention a couple of
Now, how would this benefit cities in the long run?
- ...for which they were collected, which is management and
- Cities are charged with the management of the right-of-way, not only collecting that rent.
- The utility would still get to oversee the work and manage the project.
Keywords:
telecommunications, local exchange companies, universal service fund, rate maintenance, business expansion, broadband access, internet service, multiunit residential properties, urban areas, affordability programs, fiber-optic cables, public land, construction permits, environmental impact, notification requirements, telecommunications, municipal projects, infrastructure, facility relocation, public right-of-way
Summary:
The Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Broadband convened to discuss several important bills aimed at improving broadband infrastructure and managing the financial responsibilities associated with utility right-of-way relocation. Notably, Chair Morales advocated for HB3953, focused on assessing broadband availability in multifamily housing, highlighting significant gaps observed during the COVID-19 pandemic where families struggled to access necessary internet services for education. Testimonies were provided by various stakeholders, underlining the critical nature of broadband accessibility for vulnerable populations, including low-income families and students.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We have about 152 claims benefit advisors spread out through the entire state, co-located in.
We also manage all the reporting, and we send it to the
In digital media, we manage our newly redesigned...
- ...through a potential data management and outreach system
So the bill simply enables counties to manage more
Keywords:
mental health, veterans, community support, grant program, family assistance, veterans affairs, mental health services, Senate Bill 897, Senate Bill 1818, temporary licensing, public testimony, military families, Texas legislature
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Veteran Affairs convened to discuss several significant bills aimed at enhancing support for veterans in Texas. The primary focus was on Senate Bill 897, which aims to adjust the funding match requirement for mental health services for veterans. There was substantial public testimony in favor of this bill, as many speakers highlighted the financial burden that large counties face under the current requirements. These discussions underscored the necessity of providing adequate mental health resources to veterans, emphasizing the challenges they encounter in accessing such services. Another notable bill, Senate Bill 1818, introduced provisions for temporary licensing for military spouses, ensuring they can continue their professional pursuits while transitioning to Texas. Testimony supporting this bill was also positive, showing a strong consensus on the need to ease professional transitions for military families.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Mar 26th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Access to low-interest loans or anything like that would obviously benefit ratepayers because the way
- So if the cost of debt is lowered, that would flow through to the benefit of ratepayers.
- And our utility actually does go in and act as temporary managers for those systems.
- manage the project successfully over the long term.
- It's an informal review of those utilities that do manage to submit their reports.
Keywords:
groundwater, export fees, conservation district, interlocal contracts, water supply, groundwater, water conservation, permit application, neighboring districts, aquifer, water rates, utility regulation, financial hardship, rate increase cap, Class A utilities, dissolution, special districts, water code, inactive districts, environmental quality
Summary:
The recent meeting of the Natural Resources Committee covered significant discussions primarily focused on various water-related bills, notably HB685, HB1918, HB2601, and HB2608. Representative Wally introduced HB1918, which seeks to limit water rate increases for Class A utilities to a maximum of 20% every 36 months. The bill is in response to alarming reports from constituents who experienced drastic increases in their water bills, leading to concerns about financial sustainability for residents on fixed incomes. Supporters emphasized the need for better regulations to protect consumers, while opponents argued that the bill could dissuade necessary investments in utility infrastructure, jeopardizing service quality. Public testimony was a vital component, with various stakeholders expressing both support and opposition to the proposals under discussion.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Senate Committee on Education K-16 Apr 3rd, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Education K-16 Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It includes language to ensure a smooth transition for health care benefits for the employees of the
- Universities operate on major data software systems such as human capital management, financial management
- A way that will benefit everyone involved, which is sometimes rare in legislation.
- It explicitly authorizes higher education institutions to provide self-funded health benefits.
- income to manage these costs.
Bills:
SB530, SB757, SB769, SB1085, SB1241, SB1242, SB1409, SB1878, SB2138, SB2314, SB2231, SB2361, SB2431, SJR59
Keywords:
accreditation, postsecondary education, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, baccalaureate degrees, junior colleges, program delivery, faculty recruitment, higher education, performance standards, student loan debt, degree programs, funding, higher education, students with disabilities, accessibility, enrollment, report, Texas State Technical College System, land acquisition, facilities development
Summary:
The meeting focused on significant education reform, particularly the transition of the University of Houston-Victoria into the Texas A&M system. Senator Kohlkorst led the discussions, highlighting the historical context of the partnership and the challenges ahead in transitioning governance, especially regarding accreditation and technical support. Community leaders expressed their support, emphasizing the need for alignment with regional industry needs to enhance educational programs that would ultimately benefit both students and the local economy. Notably, testimony from James Hallmark and Dwayne Crocker highlighted both the potential growth for the region and the collaborative spirit of the involved institutions in implementing this transition.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Wonderful conversations took place, and it really benefited everyone involved.
- Communities like Corpus do benefit from this.
- Under the management plan together and working with the...
- Managing such compliance and risks is indeed crucial for our state.
- manages the state’s workers' compensation program, which protects state employees and provides benefits
Bills:
SB1
Keywords:
appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, budget recommendations, Texas Facilities Commission, border security, cybersecurity, Governor Abbott, operational efficiency
Summary:
The meeting focused on several critical budget recommendations for various state agencies, including the Texas Facilities Commission, which proposed significant funding changes. Chair George Purcell highlighted a reduction in appropriations, along with the introduction of new funds aimed at refurbishing the Rudder Building and supporting facilities operations. Discussions also touched on border security, where it was reported that Governor Abbott formally requested congressional support to reclaim $11 billion in funding for Texas operations. The ongoing dialogue regarding the maintenance and responsibilities relating to border wall constructions was emphasized, noting the complexity and the need for clear allocation of responsibilities as discussions with federal authorities develop.
Throughout the meeting, there were notable conversations about operational efficiencies, particularly in the context of expanding cyber threats and the need for improved cybersecurity measures at state agencies. Members engaged in deliberating the future hiring of staff and resources necessary for maintaining effective service delivery amidst increasing demand. The discussions concluded with a commitment to keeping an open line with constituents regarding the implications of these funding decisions and the overall strategic direction of the agencies involved.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Delivery of Government Efficiency Apr 16th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Delivery of Government Efficiency Committee
Transcript Highlights:
So I can assure you that the benefit of this is making
- He's been over here to testify on our budget, managing...
- Do you really see a problem with flexibility with supervisors and being able to manage this?
- Having a quality of life is one of the intangible benefits that people have to work.
Yes, sir, I was a manager for more than 35 years.
Bills:
HB3146, HB3719, HB3895, HB3923, HB4748, HB4751, HB4936, HB4952, HB4990, HB4991, HB5061, HB5196, HB5238, HB5246, HB5487
Keywords:
public information, birthdates, government transparency, privacy laws, data access, wireless energy transmission, electric vehicles, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, transportation study, toll roads, state employment, bachelor's degree, career advancement, job qualifications, workforce development, state purchasing, multiple award contracts, procurement procedures, gov efficiency, government contracts
Summary:
The meeting of the committee addressed several bills focusing on transparency and innovation in Texas governance. A significant portion of the discussions revolved around House Bill 4990, which seeks to establish an open records hotline to better facilitate public access to government information. Witnesses, including local journalists, strongly supported the bill, citing its importance for accountability in government operations. Other bills, such as HB 4751, focusing on technological advancements, were also highlighted as critical to maintaining Texas's competitive edge in the quantum technology industry. Each bill was left pending for further consideration, indicating ongoing negotiations and a collaborative effort among committee members to refine the proposed legislation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="16" data-time="90">In short, this bill provides cities with an additional option to help manage
- retirement benefits and helps ensure that the Texas Municipal Retirement System (TMRS) remains a viable
- These proposed benefit changes will not increase the funding period or unfunded liability.
- I remain consistent in my position that pension funds should not increase benefits that increase the
- Benefits are paid up front so that the pension fund is not
Keywords:
Texas Future Fund, investment review board, economic stabilization, innovative technology, national defense, retirement, service credit, Employees Retirement System of Texas, employee benefits, pension reform, salary supplement, county judges, judicial functions, state law, government compensation, public retirement systems, municipality pensions, firefighters, police officers, retirement age
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several house bills, notably those concerning environmental conservation, tax incentives for local businesses, and public safety. Key discussions revolved around HB3486, which introduces a sales and use tax incentive for restaurants purchasing Texas farm-raised oysters. Testimonies highlighted the importance of supporting local oyster farming to mitigate the decline of natural oyster reefs, and several witnesses praised the initiative for its potential environmental benefits. HB2688 also received attention, where representatives emphasized its role in enhancing public safety through improved support for police officers, echoing the community's need for stable recruitment and retention strategies in law enforcement.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Pearsall benefits from a population that is deeply
City Councilman Ramiro Trevino, the City Manager Fred
All assets in the reserve will be managed under the
We talked about stocks earlier that are managed by
- We've got to allow our fund managers to be in a position to succeed, to keep Texas vibrant.
Keywords:
SB703, SB21, Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, SB790, criminal implications, license reform, tenant disputes, financial strategy, Senator Zaffirini
Summary:
The meeting focused on several significant bills, including SB703, which addresses the criminal and licensing implications for various massage establishments and was aimed at aligning state laws with federal regulations by closing existing loopholes. Senator Zaffirini played a vital role in facilitating discussions on multiple bills, including SB21, which proposes the establishment of the Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, emphasizing the need for Texas to explore forward-thinking financial strategies amidst federal monetary inflation concerns. Additionally, SB790, aimed at streamlining the resolution process for tenant-landlord disputes regarding water and wastewater billing, was also presented, drawing attention to due process concerns but ultimately supported for its efficiency improvements.