Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'tax credit'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- system for tracking and providing public access to detailed information about school district bonds, taxes
- Being used, school tax elections and the issuance of bonds
Over $88 billion in school tax elections for capital
- I wish I could take credit for this bill. I put a green card on it so I can.
- We're using our tax dollars to do it. It's wrong. I'm excited to see and ready to see.
Keywords:
bonds, education funding, Texas Permanent School Fund, financial transparency, speculative rating, school funding, deferred maintenance, tax revenue, education budget, school districts, school funding, bonds, education, finance, Texas Education Code, misconduct, child abuse, educators, investigation, criminal offense
Summary:
The committee meeting addressed critical issues regarding educator misconduct and legislative measures to improve reporting standards. Significant discussions revolved around SB1224, which mandates that superintendents report allegations of sexual or abusive conduct directly to law enforcement rather than relying solely on internal investigations. This bill, presented by Senator Sparks, reflects an ongoing effort to close loopholes in the education system that enable misconduct to persist without proper accountability. Senators emphasized the alarming rise in educator misconduct cases and the need for more stringent reporting practices to protect children in schools.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
This bill relates to acquiring foreign language credit
- We're using our tax dollars to do it. It's wrong.
Keywords:
bonds, education funding, Texas Permanent School Fund, financial transparency, speculative rating, school funding, deferred maintenance, tax revenue, education budget, school districts, school funding, bonds, education, finance, Texas Education Code, misconduct, child abuse, educators, investigation, criminal offense
Summary:
The committee meeting covered a range of important issues, particularly focusing on school safety and the impact of certain proposed bills on vulnerable populations. Notably, Senator Creighton presented Senate Bill 2623, which seeks to establish school safety zones by preventing navigation services near schools, aimed at ensuring the safety of children in educational settings. Concerns were raised regarding the potential adverse effects of this bill on homeless navigation centers, with various stakeholders expressing their positions during the public testimony session. The importance of balancing community services with student safety was a recurring theme throughout the discussions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- This generally works just fine, but sometimes the tax assessor may be delayed in sending out tax bills
The tax assessor may be delayed in sending out tax bills
- So if the tax bill went out on January 2nd, the first installment would be due by February 28th.
- So, you know, under the tax code, it's either 75,000 or 125.
As an old tax assessor, it's cool.
Keywords:
municipality, local government, Type A, Type B, Type C, change authority, ad valorem taxes, split payment, property taxes, tax regulations, payment options, healthcare funding, Medicaid, county program, mandatory payments, provider participation, health care, Medicaid, county participation, mandatory payments
Summary:
The meeting of the legislative committee was focused on the discussion and voting of several bills, including HB303, HB2740, HB2742, and HB4753. Each bill presented drew attention from various committee members, with detailed debates surrounding their implications and utility. For instance, HB4753, which addresses issues arising from lost certificates of occupancy, prompted a discussion on the difficulties faced by property owners in different municipalities struggling to comply with documentation requirements. In general, the committee expressed support for the bills, as many passed with unanimous votes.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- The fish don't pay taxes.
- , property taxes, and sales tax.
- Funds not spent on tourism will reduce property taxes or the increase in property taxes.
- and any non-hot tax revenue.
- They're paying taxes.
Keywords:
monuments, memorials, public property, historical significance, civil penalties, local governance, project financing zone, municipal tax revenue, convention centers, multipurpose arenas, infrastructure development, hike and bike trails, outdoor recreation, environmental stewardship, Bicentennial Trail, Texas history, cultural heritage, unemployment benefits, eligibility, Texas Workforce Commission
Summary:
The meeting was marked by an extensive discussion of several bills aimed at enhancing Texas' economic landscape and infrastructure. Notably, SB2925 focused on modernizing the state's manufacturing sector by promoting automation and digital technology, which received strong support from industry representatives, emphasizing its potential job growth impact. Public testimonies reflected a consensus on the need for Texas to lead in innovation to remain competitive in the manufacturing arena. Furthermore, SB1520, which seeks to create the Texas Bicentennial Trail, also garnered significant support, particularly for its vision of connecting historical sites across Texas without resorting to private property condemnation. The committee faced a good turnout of stakeholders, which added depth to the discussions.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It also restricts tax and fee benefits.
- credits, exemptions, or discounts.
- This increases our risk from a credit perspective.
- This could lead to a credit score upgrade.
- Again, are these credit metrics.
Bills:
HB551, HB1281, HB1378, HB1617, HB2868, HB2881, HB3374, HB4439, HB4726, HB4732, HB4878, HB4914, HB4921, HB4958, HB5200, HB5318, HB5402, HB5568, HB5573, HB5623, HJR218, HB5360
Keywords:
political contributions, address privacy, Texas Ethics Commission, election transparency, campaign finance, international organizations, World Health Organization, jurisdiction, state law, enforcement, United Nations, World Economic Forum, attorney general, international organizations, jurisdiction, World Health Organization, United Nations, World Economic Forum, state law, enforcement
Summary:
During this meeting, various important bills were discussed, including HB5573, which aims to provide whistleblower protections for public employees reporting wasteful government spending. Representative Bojani emphasized the need to encourage ethical governance and transparency in government operations. The committee adopted a key amendment to enhance protections against retaliatory actions towards these whistleblowers, highlighting a commitment to fostering accountability within the government. Additionally, HB5623 and HB4921 were moved forward with favorable reports, focusing on energy efficiency projects and the prohibition of state funds benefiting companies that outsource jobs, respectively, reflecting concerns about job retention in Texas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- these weapons outright, It imposed strict regulations, taxes
Bills:
HB551, HB1281, HB1378, HB1617, HB2868, HB2881, HB3374, HB4439, HB4726, HB4732, HB4878, HB4914, HB4921, HB4958, HB5200, HB5318, HB5360, HB5402, HB5568, HB5573, HB5623, HJR218
Keywords:
political contributions, address privacy, Texas Ethics Commission, election transparency, campaign finance, international organizations, World Health Organization, jurisdiction, state law, enforcement, United Nations, World Economic Forum, attorney general, international organizations, jurisdiction, World Health Organization, United Nations, World Economic Forum, state law, enforcement
Summary:
The committee meeting covered a wide range of bills, highlighting legislative efforts to address energy efficiency, border security, and public safety. Notably, the discussions surrounding HB3824 focused on establishing fire safety standards for battery energy storage systems, inciting concerns about their proximity to schools and hospitals. Members expressed varying opinions on the technology while considering public safety and infrastructure requirements. The meeting also saw the passage of multiple bills, including HB1554, which prohibits the use of public funds for legal services for unlawfully present individuals, showcasing a strong political consensus on border-related issues. Overall, the session was marked by substantial public engagement and the intent to address critical legislative priorities effectively.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Hotel occupancy taxes under the Texas Tax Code Section 351.004
- They increased their tax revenue and returned several thousand units to the housing supply.
- It's the hotel occupancy tax. Oh, yeah, the HOT tax. I don't have an assessment.
- , state hotel tax, and being responsible operators in their neighborhoods.
So they pay their hotel occupancy taxes?
Bills:
HB346, HB1360, HB1510, HB1606, HB1804, HB1805, HB2156, HB2391, HB2767, HB3022, HB3044, HB3272, HB3293, HB3493, HB3809, HB3824, HJR110, HB2463
Keywords:
expedited service, business records, veteran-owned businesses, franchise tax, fee schedule, Texas Ethics Commission, election reporting, campaign finance, violation categorization, penalties, public disclosure, ethics, transparency, political subdivisions, administrative penalties, compliance, religious freedom, commission, government, advocacy
Summary:
The meeting of the State Affairs Committee convened to discuss House Bill 1606, focusing on public safety and communication regarding vegetation management near power lines. Representative Metcalf presented the bill, highlighting concerns raised by constituents about overgrown vegetation posing risks such as power outages and fire hazards. The bill aims to mandate electric utilities to provide customers with information on how to request vegetation management, thereby enhancing public awareness and safety without imposing new regulations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 26th, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- It's still up to the municipality to determine the type of credit or if it's dollar for dollar.
- The system scale that the power of the credit is determined
- And do measures that mitigate stormwater and drainage automatically qualify the developer for a credit
- water and wastewater impact fee credit.
- What is the impact on a student's transcripts or their number of credits specifically as a...?
Keywords:
election law, attorney general, prosecution, criminal offenses, law enforcement, jurisdiction, voter fraud, local prosecuting attorney, election laws, attorney general, criminal prosecution, constitutional amendment, voter rights, election law, attorney general, prosecution, constitutional amendment, criminal offenses, real property theft, real property fraud
Summary:
In this meeting, significant discussions revolved around several key bills, including SB3, SB11, SB14, SB16, and HB8. SB3, concerning outdoor warning sirens, was emphasized for improving flood safety with community input and grants. SB11 proposed defenses for victims of human trafficking, affirmatively recognizing their coerced actions. Meanwhile, SB14 incentivized water conservation efforts by allowing political subdivisions to credit fees to developers for conservation projects. Each of these bills received robust debate and support from members. HB8, proposed by Buckley, aimed at reforming public school assessments, ultimately emphasizing accountability and transparency in educational measures, generating considerable discussion around reducing testing pressures on students and improving educational outcomes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part I) Apr 1st, 2025
Senate Business & Commerce Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It also ensures that state-funded grants for broadband programs are tax exempt. We have resources.
- This is better for tax and ratepayers.
- Claims can be subject to a delay claim, which must be defended, costing attorney fees to the tax and
- Because of our tax system, if you were a utility and you
- decided to store a $4 million transformer, we're going to charge a property tax for the pleasure of
Keywords:
electric generation, reliability, ERCOT, Public Utility Commission, penalties, performance requirements, energy policy, construction contracts, compensatory damages, government delays, contractor, legislation, broadband access, tax reduction, internet service, rural connectivity, infrastructure funding, distributed energy resources, interconnection, ERCOT
Summary:
The Business Commerce Committee meeting was marked by the successful reporting of several bills, notably Senate Bill 783, SB1238, and SB1706, all of which received unanimous support from committee members. The chair facilitated discussions around the potential implications of these bills, with committee members highlighting the necessity for timely updates to current legislation. Public testimonies were heard regarding Senate Bill 1968, emphasizing its efforts to clarify the agent-buyer relationship in real estate transactions through the introduction of written representation agreements. Additionally, concerns were raised about regulations regarding backup generation for energy loads in the Senate Bill 2321 discussion, reflecting ongoing discussions about balancing energy needs with environmental regulations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part II) Apr 1st, 2025
Senate Business & Commerce Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It states that recurring credit cards are a payment method
- which charges union dues to an individual's credit card as a series of recurring transactions.
- Through their tax contributions, they are enabling the state to act in some capacity as a
- When they join our organization, they do not have to share banking or credit card information with us
- We don't have to set up credit card transactions or complete bank drafts or deposits.
Keywords:
electric generation, reliability, ERCOT, Public Utility Commission, penalties, performance requirements, energy policy, construction contracts, compensatory damages, government delays, contractor, legislation, broadband access, tax reduction, internet service, rural connectivity, infrastructure funding, distributed energy resources, interconnection, ERCOT
Summary:
The meeting of the committee featured extensive discussions surrounding SB2021 and SB2330, both of which sparked notable debate among members and stakeholders. SB2021, aimed at regulating Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), faced scrutiny for potentially creating barriers to integration and increasing costs for consumers. Advocates highlighted the bill's intention to clarify operational standards and improve accountability, while opponents raised concerns about excessive red tape hindering innovative energy solutions. SB2330 sparked similar contention, particularly regarding its implications for public employee unions and the suggested removal of government involvement in dues collection processes. Testimonies expressed worries that this would limit educators' access to professional resources and advocacy, crucial for their roles in the education sector.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Archbishop of the Galveston-Houston Diocese when I was a tax
Fortunately, he took pity on a repentant tax assessor
- Maybe the fact that I was for a tax cut helped, I'm not sure, but then he went on to say...
- a dual credit program that introduces them to technical vocational
Keywords:
property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, constitutional amendment, Tarrant County, celebration, Texas Senate, local recognition, cultural heritage, economic growth, Tarrant County, celebration, Texas Senate, community recognition, economic growth, honor, Cardinal DiNardo, Texas Senate, faith
Summary:
The meeting consisted of a comprehensive discussion of several resolutions and bills, with notable emphasis on education and community engagement. Senator Hinojosa recognized the Texas State Technical College for its significant contributions to the education system and workforce development in Texas, highlighting the importance of providing vocational training for students. Members expressed gratitude towards various educational institutions and acknowledged their role in fostering economic growth and skilled labor in the state. The meeting also welcomed a British delegation, reaffirming the strong ties between Texas and the United Kingdom, which have historically supported job creation and bilateral cooperation.
Throughout the meeting, various senators took the opportunity to promote significant local initiatives, resolutions, and educational institutions impacting their districts. The tone was collaborative, with appreciation for public service. The meeting concluded with resolutions being adopted unanimously and calls for continued support of educational initiatives and partnerships.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Press Conference: Senator Tan ParkerRegarding the establishment of the Texas Legislative UK Caucus. Joined by UK Consul General Sujeevan Satheesan; Senators César Blanco and Brent Hagenbuch; and Representatives Claudia Ordaz and Matt Shaheen. Feb 11th, 2025
Texas Senate Floor Meeting
Keywords:
property tax, homestead exemption, school funding, state aid, constitutional amendment, Tarrant County, celebration, Texas Senate, local recognition, cultural heritage, economic growth, Tarrant County, celebration, Texas Senate, community recognition, economic growth, honor, Cardinal DiNardo, Texas Senate, faith
Summary:
The meeting was convened to announce the formation of the Texas Legislative U.K. Caucus, aimed at strengthening the relationship between Texas and the United Kingdom. Representative Claudia Ordaz and other legislators discussed the historical significance of this relationship and its implications for trade, cultural exchange, and innovation. The formation of this caucus is seen as a vital step towards promoting Texas interests abroad and enhancing bilateral policy discussions on key economic sectors such as energy, technology, and healthcare. Talks included plans for establishing a Texas trade office in the U.K., inspired by successful models with Texas and Taiwan.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- In exchange, private industry will receive a tax credit, which is capped at $150 million for the life
- credits.
- credit.
- ...for their states where they utilize tax credits for investment
- credits.
Keywords:
heat illness prevention, workplace safety, Texas Workforce Commission, advisory board, employee rights, administrative penalties, training requirements, heat illness prevention, workplace safety, Texas Workforce Commission, advisory board, administrative penalties, employee training, occupational health, heat illness prevention, workplace safety, advisory board, employer penalties, worker rights, heat illness
Summary:
The meeting held by the committee focused on several bills aimed at improving worker safety and economic support for rural communities. Key discussions included the introduction of HB446, which aims to establish a Heat Illness Prevention Advisory Board to address the increasing number of heat-related worker deaths in Texas. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted the need for heat safety standards and the emotional impact of heat-related illnesses on workers' lives. HB1609 was also presented, seeking protections for volunteer firefighters during declared disasters to prevent job loss while responding to emergencies. The committee expressed strong support for these initiatives, suggesting a collective understanding of their importance amid rising temperatures and demands on the workforce.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Energy Resources Apr 14th, 2025 at 02:04 pm
House Energy Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- And look, I'll take the credit whenever I did something, but I was just smart enough to know who to ask
Keywords:
surface estate, well plugging, Railroad Commission, landowner rights, liability, strategic reserve, gas supply, petroleum products, disaster response, Railroad Commission of Texas, energy security, emergency planning, oil and gas waste, Railroad Commission, environmental regulation, waste management, mining pits, groundwater monitoring, oil and gas waste, regulation
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around the discussion of several bills, primarily focusing on environmental and transparency issues related to oil and gas operations. Notably, a bill introduced by Representative Rosenthal (HB5105) aimed to enhance transparency for royalty owners concerning suspension of payments, requiring operators to notify them of any reasons for such suspensions. During the meeting, multiple witnesses testified, emphasizing the necessity of protecting landowners' rights and ensuring responsible management of hazardous waste from oil operations. Additionally, the committee heard about HB4572, which aimed to require landowner consent before the burial of waste on their properties, highlighting the importance of land and groundwater protection amidst growing concerns of contamination from reserve pits used in the oil and gas industry.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Energy Resources Apr 14th, 2025 at 11:04 am
House Energy Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
House Bill 5600 offers a 20% tax credit on capital expenses
- That tax credit, is that a federal tax credit on capital expenditures, or is that a state tax credit?
I think that that's a state tax credit the way the
- Just all the exemptions from sales tax, capital taxes, tax credits, and franchise taxes.
- It's my understanding that the majority of that fiscal note is coming from the franchise tax credit,
Keywords:
surface estate, well plugging, Railroad Commission, landowner rights, liability, strategic reserve, gas supply, petroleum products, disaster response, Railroad Commission of Texas, energy security, emergency planning, oil and gas waste, Railroad Commission, environmental regulation, waste management, mining pits, groundwater monitoring, oil and gas waste, regulation
Summary:
The meeting focused on a series of bills primarily related to oil and gas infrastructure, safety, regulatory issues, and the burgeoning hydrogen industry in Texas. Several bills were discussed and voted on, including HB3911 concerning voluntary plugging of orphan wells, HB3021 related to oil and gas emergencies, and HB5600 aimed at establishing Texas as a leader in the clean hydrogen market. The Chair and members debated the provisions of these bills, considering environmental implications and economic impacts, particularly in light of recent natural disasters like the winter storm Uri.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part I) Mar 31st, 2025
Senate Local Government Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Just one question: does the county tax assessor-collector...?
- I thought you have to go back and pay back taxes.
- Why do you assume that you have to pay back taxes?
- It wasn't on the 2020 tax bill.
- We would be absolutely thrilled to pay taxes.
Bills:
SB1079, SB1243, SB1504, SB1579, SB1708, SB1844, SB1851, SB1879, SB1921, SB1951, SB2237, SB2238, SB2406, SB2407
Keywords:
public utility agency, dissolution, local government, regulatory framework, municipal authority, telecommunication, board meetings, Gulf Coast Authority, conference call, videoconference, abandoned property, tax delinquency, urban development, receivership, local governance, disannexation, municipality, services, property owners, jurisdiction
Summary:
The committee meeting on [date] focused on several key pieces of legislation, primarily addressing land use and city governance issues. Prominent discussions included SB1579, which seeks to empower municipalities in El Paso County to manage abandoned properties through a court-appointed receiver process. This bill aims to tackle long-standing challenges posed by undeveloped and neglected land parcels that hinder community growth. Public testimonies highlighted concerns regarding safety, illegal dumping, and the economic potential of reclaiming these properties for housing and development. Notably, Mayor Rudy Cruz Jr. of Socorro expressed strong support for the bill, emphasizing the need for a clear process in handling unoccupied land.
Additionally, SB1851 was discussed, aimed at addressing audit compliance for Texas cities to improve financial transparency and accountability. Senator Nichols presented this bill, arguing for its necessity in ensuring cities cannot raise taxes without adhering to established audit requirements. Public testimonies underscored the experiences of city officials facing obstacles due to outdated audit practices, with calls for legislative action to protect taxpayers while enforcing compliance. The meeting was characterized by substantial participation from public officials, showcasing a collaborative effort to address these pressing issues.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part II) Mar 31st, 2025
Senate Local Government Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- And there's some confusion in some taxing units because they
- merged the penalty into the amount of tax.
- not what my tax bill should be because they don't realize there's a penalty in there.
- It is what the certified mail is costing the taxing unit
- Therefore, we can reduce the taxes. This bill does it. It's a reasonable analytical approach.
Bills:
SB1079, SB1243, SB1504, SB1579, SB1708, SB1844, SB1851, SB1879, SB1921, SB1951, SB2237, SB2238, SB2406, SB2407
Keywords:
public utility agency, dissolution, local government, regulatory framework, municipal authority, telecommunication, board meetings, Gulf Coast Authority, conference call, videoconference, abandoned property, tax delinquency, urban development, receivership, local governance, disannexation, municipality, services, property owners, jurisdiction
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Local Government was marked by significant discussions on multiple bills aimed at enhancing governance and protecting taxpayer interests. Among the notable legislations was SB1951, where Senator Paxton emphasized reforms to reduce erroneous penalty notices imposed by appraisal districts, eliminating the financial incentive for such penalties. The session concluded with public testimonies that highlighted the importance of transparency and accountability in taxpayer dealings. Additionally, Senator Middleton presented SB1504 and SB2237, focusing on the operational frameworks of local authorities and executive severance payments, respectively, both of which sparked considerable debate among committee members.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Intergovernmental Affairs Mar 18th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Intergovernmental Affairs Committee
Keywords:
housing finance, multifamily residential, low income, tax exemption, audit requirements, affordable housing, local government, development bonds, housing assistance, financial assistance, low income housing, community support, affordability, veterans housing, housing assistance, financial assistance, low income housing, community involvement, air conditioning, tenant support
Summary:
The meeting centered around House Bill 636, presented by Representative Wally, which aims to address the growing issue of homelessness in Texas. It was highlighted that approximately 62,000 Texans are expected to experience homelessness in 2024, with significant numbers being veterans and victims of domestic violence. The bill proposes that the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs collaborate with the Texas Homeless Network to create a unified data sharing system. This collaborative effort is intended to enhance communication between various agencies and service providers to improve service delivery for those experiencing homelessness.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Out-of-state insurers are made to pay the difference between the state's overall tax rate and the tax
- burden for purposes of calculating retaliatory taxes.
Retaliatory taxes, just as he said, are taxes that
- tax calculation.
- or employment taxes.
Keywords:
workers' compensation, municipal construction, bidding requirements, small municipalities, contracting policies, workers' compensation, first responders, PTSD, mental health, emergency services, workers' compensation, medical expenses, first responders, injury claims, insurance carriers, opportunity youth, workforce development, employment, education, federal funds
Summary:
The meeting of the committee included significant discussions centered around various bills, particularly those related to workers' compensation, opportunity youth, and sexual harassment. Representative Patterson spearheaded a discussion on HB2369, a bill aimed at reforming the workers' compensation system for first responders, stressing the need for swift evaluations and treatment to facilitate quicker recovery. Several members voiced their support, citing the bill's importance in ensuring that injured first responders can return to work more efficiently. Public testimony highlighted personal stories that underscored the critical impact of the legislation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Catastrophic tax or something... What's going on?
- The tax is ultimately paid by the shareholder.
- No sales tax.
Yeah, sales tax.
- Now we need to work on the credit card.
- credits and benefits of fully offsetting utilities.
Bills:
SB264, SB542, SB924, SB1008, SB1029, SB1036, SB1057, SB1058, SB1185, SB1202, SB1358, SB1364, SB1376, SB1569, SB1664, SB1697, SJR50
Keywords:
property owners' association, water conservation, residential watering restriction, fines, drought management, video services, regulation, public right-of-way, franchise authority, telecommunications, food safety, regulations, permitting, local authority, food service industry, used vehicles, advertising regulations, dealerships, consumer protection, vehicle identification
Summary:
The committee meeting was marked by a series of discussions regarding several bills aimed at improving local regulations, particularly around food service operations. Members discussed the challenges of regulatory inconsistencies affecting restaurants and the food industry, emphasizing how Senate Bill 1008 could alleviate some financial burdens. Various stakeholders, including representatives from the Texas Restaurant Association, testified in support of this bill, highlighting the need for clearer and more predictable regulations. The discussions included provisions that would cap local permit fees, preventing duplicate charges that hinder small businesses' operations. Notably, there was strong bipartisan support demonstrated as numerous bills were reported favorably with unanimous votes.