Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'penalty'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - First Called Session Aug 4th, 2025 at 02:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="10" data-time="54"> ...to required flood disaster plans for campgrounds, authorizing a civil penalty
Bills:
HB4
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Texas Legislature, elections, 2020 Census, disaster preparedness, emergency communication, flood disaster plans, fraudulent charitable solicitations, legislation, committee meeting
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on key legislative initiatives related to disaster preparedness. Notable discussions included the introduction of HP1, which addresses response training for justices of the peace in mass fatality events, and HB18, which seeks to enhance emergency communication systems funding through the comptroller's authority. Both bills were referred to the committee on disaster preparedness and flooding for further analysis. Additionally, the committee discussed HB19, concerning flood disaster plans for campgrounds, and HB2020, aimed at preventing fraudulent charitable solicitations during disasters by establishing a certification program for relief organizations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 29th, 2025 at 04:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- to the House rules of procedure to authorize additional constitutionally compliant proportional penalties
Keywords:
resolutions, committee referrals, local governance, constitutional compliance, house procedures
Summary:
The meeting included procedural resolutions and referrals to various committees, covering topics such as constitutional compliance and absences within the House. Member discussions primarily revolved around resolutions HR 108 to HR 125, demonstrating a focus on local governance and procedural efficiency. The clerk read through numerous resolutions, which drew the attention of present members, suggesting active participation from the representatives in handling local matters.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - First Called Session Jul 30th, 2025 at 09:07 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- licenses and registrations, imposing fees, creating criminal offenses, and authorizing administrative penalties
Keywords:
congressional redistricting, hemp regulation, public safety, environmental conservation, legislative discussions
Summary:
During the meeting, the committee addressed several key pieces of legislation, including discussions about HB4, which pertains to the congressional redistricting process, and HB5, focusing on the regulation of hemp products. Other bills, such as HB11 and HB13, were also introduced, with members expressing varying levels of support and concerns regarding their implications. Public testimony was not featured heavily during this session, but the members engaged in thorough discussions about the potential impacts of the proposed bills, especially in terms of public safety and environmental concerns. The session concluded with the committee preparing to reconvene later in the day to continue their deliberations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- "976" data-time="5850">Senate Bill 1379, introduced by Flores, relates to increasing the criminal penalty
- span marker="979" data-time="5868"> Senate Bill 1379, continued, pertains to increasing the criminal penalty
- p>Senate Bill 1390 by Hall relates to enhancing the criminal penalties
- span marker="1072" data-time="6426">Senate Bill 1451 by Flores relates to increasing the criminal penalty
Keywords:
SB703, SB21, Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, SB790, criminal implications, license reform, tenant disputes, financial strategy, Senator Zaffirini
Summary:
The meeting focused on several significant bills, including SB703, which addresses the criminal and licensing implications for various massage establishments and was aimed at aligning state laws with federal regulations by closing existing loopholes. Senator Zaffirini played a vital role in facilitating discussions on multiple bills, including SB21, which proposes the establishment of the Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, emphasizing the need for Texas to explore forward-thinking financial strategies amidst federal monetary inflation concerns. Additionally, SB790, aimed at streamlining the resolution process for tenant-landlord disputes regarding water and wastewater billing, was also presented, drawing attention to due process concerns but ultimately supported for its efficiency improvements.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs May 12th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- in determining the penalty amounts up to a $25,000 limit.
- data-time="2394">Second, the committee substitute authorizes a violator to spend up to 50% of the civil penalty
Keywords:
water quality, filtration systems, public utilities, Senate Bill 2497, House Bill 2692, San Antonio River Authority, legislation, environmental health
Summary:
The committee meeting was marked by significant discussions around various bills, especially those related to water quality and public utilities. House Bill 2692 was presented to simplify and clarify the enabling legislation for the San Antonio River Authority, highlighting improvements necessary for effective governance and administration. Additionally, there were discussions on Senate Bill 2497, which mandates public water systems to install filtration systems to ensure safe drinking water in communities facing water quality issues. Witnesses emphasized the financial burden and the need for more flexibility in solutions to address water contamination without imposing heavy costs on small water systems. The conversation underscored the balance between public health and fiscal responsibility, with various solutions proposed to mitigate the risks of water contamination.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- My office has taken off 32 bills due to having either a penalty, a fiscal note, or significant opposition
- marker="490" data-time="2934"> The chair is removing Senate Bill 317 due to the criminal and civil penalties
Bills:
SB2959, HB3096, HCR29, HCR56, HCR12, HCR55, HCR74, HCR78, HCR116, HCR117, HCR6, HCR50, HCR107, HCR80, HCR58, HCR70, HCR71, HCR72, HCR75, HCR93
Keywords:
firearm safety, awareness month, public safety, responsible ownership, storage, recreational use, profound autism, awareness day, caregiver, disabilities, support, counseling, mental health, awareness, support services, community health, necrotizing enterocolitis, premature infants, breastfeeding, health awareness
Summary:
The meeting focused on the consideration of multiple House Concurrent Resolutions and House Bills, specifically those that recognize Texas's cultural and historical contributions. Notably, HCR 6 and HCR 50 were discussed, designating Galveston as the official Juneteenth capital and Mardi Gras capital of Texas, respectively. Each resolution was accompanied by public testimony, revealing strong community support for these recognitions. Senate sponsor Senator Milton elaborated on the importance of these designations, which aim to highlight significant cultural events and contribute to local pride.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources (Part I) May 14th, 2025
Senate Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- To ensure accountability, the bill requires the Railroad Commission to impose administrative penalties
- electrical equipment from inactive well sites, and the Railroad Commission to levy administrative penalties
Keywords:
occupational licenses, renewal, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, registration, license expiration, solid waste, landfill permits, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, environmental regulation, population density, municipal waste management, gas utilities, cost recovery, regulatory asset, rate making, Texas Railroad Commission, regulatory lag, natural gas utilities, infrastructure, wildfires
Summary:
The meeting included a robust discussion on several bills aimed at addressing regulatory issues in the state. Key among these was House Bill 4384, presented by Representative Darby, which focuses on alleviating financial burdens caused by regulatory lag for natural gas utilities. The bill seeks to allow temporary deferral of costs related to new infrastructure, and public testimonies highlighted a significant division in opinion, with some stakeholders arguing it would increase costs for consumers without adequate oversight. The committee members engaged actively with the testimonies, indicating a comprehensive review of the implications of the bill. House Bill 2663 was also introduced, aimed at preventing wildfires through better oversight of outdated electrical infrastructure at inactive oil and gas well sites, emphasizing the need for removed or de-energized equipment to avoid future incidents.
Additionally, several other bills like HB1237 and HB3071 were discussed, with the latter addressing the cancellation of inactive landfill permits to reflect current land use and community development. The overall tone of the meeting was collaborative, with members expressing gratitude for professionalism despite some disagreements on policy details. The meeting concluded with several bills left pending for further discussion before moving to votes in subsequent sessions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce (Part II) May 1st, 2025
Senate Business & Commerce Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- bill gives the authority to investigate suspected violations and brings action to collect civil penalties
- Finally, the bill establishes a complaint procedure and administrative penalties for failure to comply
Bills:
HB12, HB149, SB229, SB1361, SB1749, SB1897, SB2113, SB2566, SB2677, SB1652, SB2327, SB2344, SB2696
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, regulation, biometric data, ethical AI, consumer protection, AI governance, automobile sales, consumer protection, finance, retail seller, motor vehicle purchase, motor vehicle sales, consumer protection, pricing restrictions, retail seller, third-party financing, education, funding, student assessment, accountability
Summary:
The committee meeting focused heavily on the discussion surrounding HB149, an act aimed at establishing a comprehensive framework for the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Texas. The bill seeks to ensure that AI technologies are developed and deployed in a manner that is both innovative and responsible, addressing potential harms while protecting individual rights and privacy. Chairman Schwartner led the conversations, emphasizing the importance of balancing regulatory measures with the need for technological advancement. Several stakeholders, including legal experts and industry representatives, provided testimony in support of the bill, praising its potential to position Texas as a leader in AI governance. Public testimony reflected a mixture of support and caution, with some witnesses advocating for greater accountability and regulatory oversight to mitigate risks associated with AI systems.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- This bill increases a criminal penalty for over.
- ">However, many of these trucks are being stopped at weighing nearly 150,000 pounds, increasing a penalty
Keywords:
county roads, abandonment, public nuisance, safety hazard, transportation, transportation, design-build contracts, Senate Bill 35, public safety, infrastructure, Texas Department of Transportation, Texas Trucking Association
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on various legislative proposals, particularly those related to transportation and public safety. A significant point of discussion was Senate Bill 35, which seeks to limit the Texas Department of Transportation's ability to utilize design-build contracts for infrastructure projects. Advocates for the bill expressed concerns over financial implications and the efficiency of project delivery, while opponents emphasized the need for flexibility and innovation in addressing Texas's growing infrastructure needs. Several stakeholders, including the Texas Trucking Association, engaged in debates over the impacts of the proposed limitations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
89th Legislative Session - Second Called Session Aug 25th, 2025 at 12:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- mental health services, and the powers of the Texas Supreme Court and jurors increasing the criminal penalty
- marker="1246" data-time="7470"> the powers of the Texas Supreme Court and jurors, increasing criminal penalties
- Because that creates some sort of penalty for them outside of the law.
- Court-ordered mental health services, the powers of the Texas Supreme Court, and jurors increasing a criminal penalty
- court-ordered mental health services, the powers of the Texas Supreme Court, and jurors increasing a criminal penalty
Keywords:
property tax, school funding, enrollment changes, inflation adjustment, tax rate notice, groundwater, aquifers, water conservation, Texas Water Development Board, permit moratorium, environmental impact, law enforcement, department file, employee records, misconduct, confidentiality, Texas occupations code, judicial processes, infrastructure, public safety
Summary:
The meeting focused on multiple important pieces of legislation, with key attention on HB16, an omnibus courts bill aiming to improve judicial processes, and SB18, which seeks to ease permit requirements for dam maintenance related to erosion and flood control. Chairman Leach and Senator Zaffirini provided significant insights during their bill presentations, stressing the importance of efficiency in governmental operations. The committee engaged in lively debates about the implications of these bills, particularly regarding budgetary concerns for local governments and the potential effects on public safety funding. Testimonies from stakeholders further highlighted the necessity for legislative clarity and improved infrastructure support for state safety measures. The final votes showed strong support for the proposed bills, indicating a proactive approach towards legislative efficiency.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Under SB 7, violators face civil penalties of $5,000 for the first violation.
- I would say that that's one of the other changes too; it has stronger penalties.
- Stronger penalties, so it's very similar.
- ...scope as to what it's addressing, but with stronger penalties
- This bill addresses enforcement and civil penalties.
Keywords:
sex designation, privacy rights, public facilities, civil penalties, gender-specific spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, law enforcement, employee misconduct, department file, personnel records, confidentiality, SB7, SB14, transgender rights, women's safety, public testimony, LGBTQ+ issues, law enforcement transparency
Summary:
The meeting focused on two primary bills, SB7 and SB14, which elicited passionate testimony from various stakeholders. Many speakers opposed SB7, arguing it disproportionally impacts transgender individuals under the guise of protecting women's spaces. Testimonies highlighted concerns about safety, privacy, and the potential for increased harassment against vulnerable populations, such as transgender youth. Supporters of the bill asserted it was a necessary measure for women's safety, yet critics emphasized that it would create further harm rather than protection. SB14 also saw substantial discussion regarding its implications for law enforcement record transparency, with some stakeholders supporting the need for confidentiality while others warned of accountability risks.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 15th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
The minutes said "new offenses and penalty changes."
- 198">What we need to do is to make several referrals to our subcommittee on new offenses and change penalty
- You have high-profile cases where people are asking for the death penalty for someone.
- I think it's Collin County, where people are asking for the death penalty for the kid.
- We have 2005 eliminating the death penalty. Then you have 2011, where they said.
Keywords:
criminal justice, pretrial detention, due process, grand jury reform, transparency, in-custody informants, wrongful convictions
Summary:
The meeting was primarily focused on discussions surrounding several bills aimed at reforming aspects of criminal justice in Texas. Representative Little laid out HB413, detailing its provisions which aim to prevent pretrial detention from exceeding the maximum time a person could be sentenced if convicted. The bill generated significant discussion, emphasizing the importance of due process and the financial burden of detaining individuals unnecessarily. Public testimonies were presented, with varied opinions on the efficacy and implementation of this bill. Additionally, discussions on HB2507 and HB1418 highlighted the ongoing efforts to improve transparency and reliability in the judicial process, specifically addressing issues related to grand jury proceedings and in-custody informants, respectively. Witnesses from both supporting and opposing sides provided comprehensive insights, showcasing the depth of concern regarding wrongful convictions and the need for reform in testimony verification practices. The committee concluded the meeting with plans for a follow-up session to continue these crucial discussions and potentially advance the bills further.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Agriculture & Livestock Apr 8th, 2025 at 02:00 pm
House Agriculture & Livestock Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- enforcing someone else to close their dumpsters and pick up their empty trash cans, they enforce the penalty
- their properties due to the city's overreach in their right-of-ways, their easements, and all the penalties
Keywords:
property owners associations, chickens, urban farming, land use, homeowner rights, agriculture, municipal regulation, governmental requirements, land use, farm management, agriculture, inspections, border control, trade, state funding, agriculture, trade inspection, cross-border trade, produce, Homeowners Association
Summary:
The meeting of the Agriculture and Livestock Committee mainly centered around discussions regarding three bills: HB4810, HB2013, and HB4163. Notable emphasis was placed on HB4810, which seeks to renew the Trade Agriculture Inspection Grant Program due to its critical role in ensuring the efficient flow of agricultural goods between Texas and Mexico. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted the importance of cross-border trade and the economic impact of agricultural imports, which supports thousands of jobs and ensures a reliable food supply. The committee members engaged in thoughtful deliberations about the necessity of maintaining and expanding the program to accommodate rising trade volumes and local agricultural needs.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- These statutes all have penalties for non-compliance.
- And unfortunately, the These statutes have penalties if you
Keywords:
concrete crushing, hospital proximity, environmental regulation, public health, zoning laws, concrete plants, standard permit, construction regulation, environmental compliance, health and safety code, water rights, property transfer, disclosure requirements, coastal property, Texas legislation, real estate, environmental impact, Gulf of America, coastal resources, Texas sovereignty
Summary:
The meeting of the committee convened to discuss multiple bills including SCR48, SB2351, SB2550, SB2203, SB410, and SB2082. Notably, Senator Miles presented SB2082, which aims to prevent concrete crushing facilities from operating near hospitals, following community outcry over health concerns linked to air pollution. The committee heard public testimony from various stakeholders, highlighting the community's significant opposition to such facilities in close proximity to critical healthcare services. Senator Alvarado's SB2351, addressing concrete plant regulations, was supported with favorable votes but faced concerns over the environmental implications of expansion requests. The meeting concluded with a recommendation for several bills to move forward to the full Senate for consideration.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services May 19th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- This is the bill we heard previously relating to prohibiting the imposition of a monetary fine or penalty
- violation of the law or a money service business's terms of service agreement, providing a civil penalty
Keywords:
school funding, bonds, education, finance, Texas Education Code, public banks, bond proceeds, voter transparency, Texas legislation, Senate Bill 621, Senate Bill 414
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several key bills impacting public funds, particularly regarding the use of unspent bond proceeds and mandated transparency during bond elections. Notably, Senate Bill 621 was discussed, which seeks to prohibit political subdivisions from establishing public banks, emphasizing core governmental functions and preventing taxpayer exposure to financial risks. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted concerns about the appropriateness of using public funds for non-essential projects, which led to vigorous debate amongst committee members. Additionally, Senate Bill 414 was addressed, which requires clear disclosures about estimated interest costs in bond proposals, aiming to enhance voter awareness and accountability.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="631" data-time="3780"> family that's lost a loved one, and without making more harsh penalties
- or harsher penalties for people, because they obviously have no regard for our laws in this country?
All right, so we're talking about a penalty enhancement
Keywords:
community supervision, repeat offenders, intoxication, Texas Penal Code, criminal justice reform, intoxication manslaughter, criminal penalties, community supervision, mandatory supervision, parole eligibility, Grayson's Law, mental health, trauma, jailers, law enforcement, occupational health, diligent participation, state jail felony, criminal justice reform, time credits
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on several significant bills addressing public safety and reform within the correctional system. Notably, HB2103 was discussed, which aims to provide mental health leave for correctional officers, amid growing concerns about their wellbeing due to the psychological stress associated with their duties. Support was voiced by various stakeholders, highlighting the need for better support systems for officers facing trauma related to their jobs. This bill was aimed at recognizing the critical role that mental health plays in maintaining a safe working environment for those in the corrections field.
In another part of the meeting, HB2017 sparked heated debates, as it sought to instate stricter penalties for intoxication manslaughter committed by undocumented individuals. The discussion brought forth views on fairness and the implications of distinguishing sentences based on immigration status. Several witnesses offered testimony, both for and against the bill, leading to a contentious atmosphere that reflected the broader societal debates about immigration and public safety. Overall, the meeting highlighted the challenges of reforming laws while considering the variables of mental health and immigration status in the context of public safety.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services May 13th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Under either category, the bill increases the penalty to
- Creating a criminal penalty for operating without a license
- This led to the state losing $16.5 million in civil penalties. That was a North Texas case.
Bills:
HB35, HB138, HB754, HB1314, HB1612, HB2254, HB2510, HB2789, HB3560, HB3597, HB4224, HB4273, HB4643, HB4783
Keywords:
peer support, first responders, mental health, confidentiality, emergency services, health impact analysis, cost analysis, coverage mandates, health insurance, legislative analysis, health care data, healthcare, price estimates, billing requirements, consumer protection, nonemergency services, assisted living, healthcare, licensing, criminal offense
Summary:
The committee meeting centered on several significant bills regarding public health and safety, particularly focusing on healthcare access, transparency, and opioid crisis response. Notably, House Bill 4783 sparked considerable discussion as it aims to enhance the state's approach to prevent opioid overdoses by directing the Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC) to prepare biannual reports on opiate antagonist programs. The testimony from public officials like Dallas City Council's Paula Blackman, who spoke passionately about the ongoing fentanyl epidemic, highlighted the urgent necessity of improved access to life-saving medications. In addition, House Bill 1314 drew attention for addressing hospital pricing transparency, attempting to ease financial burdens on patients by mandating accurate upfront estimates for healthcare costs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Apr 30th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- , unbeknownst to him, gets hit with all of the FICA taxes, which is 15.35 percent, and then plus penalties
- don't have a clue about the penalties and interests that
- brass material to recycling entities, creating criminal offenses and providing an administrative penalty
Bills:
HB1065, HB2929, HB2956, HB3009, HB3420, HB3626, HB3649, HB4956, HB4993, HB5293, HB5308, HB5528, HCR118, SB36, HB4023
Keywords:
employee classification, private security, misclassification, workforce regulations, Texas Workforce Commission, autism, peace officers, training program, law enforcement, intervention, communication, developmental disability, family violence, central database, criminal offense, registration, law enforcement, public safety, violent offenses, criminal database
Summary:
The meeting focused on several significant bills concerning law enforcement training, mental health crisis management, and resource allocation. Notably, House Bill 2929 aimed at requiring police officers to undergo specialized training related to autism, was discussed with testimonials highlighting the need for improved understanding of individuals with autism in potential law enforcement encounters. Additionally, House Bill 4993 gathered attention as it proposed measures to enhance the health and readiness of military service members, emphasizing the importance of fitness standards and supportive health programs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 23rd, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
Chairman Dutton: No, there's no penalty.
- The other thing we do is enhance the penalty.
- And you've got a criminal penalty in here, a Class A misdemeanor.
Bills:
HB2242, HB2446, HB2799, HB4502, HB2920, HB2790, HB5620, HB5060, HB5076, HB5080, HB5081, HB5128, HB5130, HB3847, HB5116, HB2969, HB4546, HB4202, HB5624, HB3964, HB4803, HB872, HB4775, HB4777, HB4961, HB5570, HB2988, HB4260, HB1375, HB5009, HB5411, HB5134, HB4388, HB3095, HB1387
Keywords:
constables, civil rights, local government, law enforcement, policy-making authority, affidavit, medical bills, civil actions, reasonable charges, healthcare services, judicial statistics, court performance, family law, civil cases, efficiency reporting, court security, emergency management, harassment penalties, judicial safety, court committee
Summary:
During this meeting of the legislative committee, significant discussions took place regarding various bills, including those focused on judge and courthouse security, construction defect lawsuits, and carbon capture legislation. A notable highlight was the presentation of HB4502, where representatives expressed urgency to address concerns surrounding harassment of judges and court staff, citing incidents that had raised alarms about their safety. The proposed changes aim to enhance the judicial security framework and rectify loopholes that currently hinder effective legal recourse for court personnel. Several witnesses provided testimony both in support and in opposition to the discussed bills, emphasizing the diverse perspectives and concerns surrounding each piece of legislation.
Another key discussion involved HB2790, which aims to establish a comprehensive legal framework for carbon capture and storage, addressing the balance between promoting technological advancement and protecting property rights. Stakeholders, including landowners and industry representatives, presented contrasting views on the implications of the bill, highlighting the ongoing debate about environmental responsibilities versus economic development needs. The meeting concluded with several bills left pending, showcasing the committee's commitment to thorough deliberation and stakeholder engagement in legislative processes.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine big fixes for big tech. Apr 1st, 2025 at 01:30 pm
Senate Competition Policy, Antitrust, and Consumer Rights Subcommittee
Transcript Highlights:
- It's also good for deterring anti-competitive conduct because the penalties are greater.
- span marker="5" data-time="48">It's also good for deterring anti-competitive conduct because the penalties
- marker="531" data-time="6360">It's also good for deterring anti-competitive conduct because the penalties
Keywords:
antitrust, competition policy, digital advertising, monopoly, America Act, big tech, consumer rights
Summary:
The meeting, titled 'Big Fixes, Big Tech', marked the first hearing of the Senate antitrust competition policy and consumer rights subcommittee in the 119th Congress. Chairman Lee opened the session focusing on the urgent need for effective solutions regarding anti-competitive behavior among major tech firms like Google and Facebook, highlighting several ongoing court cases regarding monopolistic practices in the digital advertising and search markets. Key discussions included the limitations imposed on small businesses and innovation due to the dominance of these tech giants, with many testimonies advocating for stronger legislative measures, including the America Act. The act aims to disrupt the monopolistic capabilities of these firms and restore competitive integrity in the marketplace, which has suffered under their oppressive market control.