Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'Consumer Financial Protection Bureau'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs May 12th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- to health, they can affect water quality, household appliances, and the environment, as well as consumer
- Environmental Protection Agency and are able to install, at a reasonable cost, a filtration system to
- For us to move forward, we do always put the protection of
- My name is Carrie Wilcox, and I am a consumer.
- And in my view, that gives us a responsibility to lead the way in protecting bees.
Keywords:
water quality, filtration systems, public utilities, Senate Bill 2497, House Bill 2692, San Antonio River Authority, legislation, environmental health
Summary:
The committee meeting was marked by significant discussions around various bills, especially those related to water quality and public utilities. House Bill 2692 was presented to simplify and clarify the enabling legislation for the San Antonio River Authority, highlighting improvements necessary for effective governance and administration. Additionally, there were discussions on Senate Bill 2497, which mandates public water systems to install filtration systems to ensure safe drinking water in communities facing water quality issues. Witnesses emphasized the financial burden and the need for more flexibility in solutions to address water contamination without imposing heavy costs on small water systems. The conversation underscored the balance between public health and fiscal responsibility, with various solutions proposed to mitigate the risks of water contamination.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- They often are at a financial disadvantage, so I urge you— you may have two fit parents, but one parent
- doesn't have control over who's in the household with the other parent unless they have a protective
Aside from the financial threshold, are there other
- In fact, it's being clarified that consumer cases have now moved...
- It should have been in the list of things that can never come in, so this bill will move the consumer
Keywords:
business court, jurisdiction, complex civil litigation, legal proceedings, Texas courts, guardianship, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, training requirements, caregiver support, parent-child relationship, court file transfer, child custody evaluation, legislation, committee meeting
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on several key pieces of legislation including HB1734, HB2340, HB3376, and HB2350. Notably, discussions surrounding HB1734 centered on streamlining the transfer of court files related to parent-child relationships, with testimony suggesting significant support for the changes aimed at promoting efficiency. Meanwhile, HB2340 was discussed to enhance the qualifications and training requirements for child custody evaluators, reflecting a commitment to improving standards in this sensitive area.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband Mar 31st, 2025 at 10:03 am
House S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband
Transcript Highlights:
- And yes, they deserve to protect themselves, protect their assets, and ensure fair use.
- Their poles need to be protected. The security of their infrastructure needs to be protected.
- But it was time-consuming.
- consumers.
- our linemen and protecting our electric grid.
Keywords:
telecommunications, electric cooperative, rights-of-way, infrastructure, provider access, telecommunications, electric cooperative, right-of-way, pole attachment, regulatory access, broadband, pole attachment, electric cooperatives, legislation, HB3448, telecommunications, rural Texas, infrastructure investment, Chairman Darby
Summary:
The meeting of the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Broadband centered around significant issues regarding broadband deployment in rural Texas. Notably, discussion focused on HB3448, which aims to address barriers related to pole attachment rates charged by electric cooperatives, which have historically operated under different regulatory standards compared to other utilities. Chairman Darby emphasized the need for consistency and transparency in pricing to accelerate broadband deployment, especially given the state’s substantial investments in infrastructure. Several stakeholders, including representatives from electric cooperatives and broadband providers, expressed varied opinions on the proposed bill, with some highlighting concerns about the existing disparities in pole attachment costs and others advocating for cooperative protections against undue financial burdens from legislative changes.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider the nomination of Mehmet Oz, of Pennsylvania, to be Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Mar 25th, 2025 at 08:30 am
Senate Finance Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We've successfully fought for more consumer protections against predatory Medicare Advantage marketing
- We've successfully fought for more consumer protections against predatory Medicare Advantage marketing
- We've successfully fought for more consumer protections against predatory Medicare Advantage marketing
- To be protected, and yes, I will ensure it's protected.
- I've spent my career overseeing financial institutions, and today I serve 3,500 financial institutions
Keywords:
Social Security, Medicaid, Frank Bisignano, Elon Musk, benefit processing, office closures, public testimony, administration policies, health care, vulnerable populations
Summary:
The committee meeting focused heavily on the nomination of Frank Bisignano as the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, with intense discussions around the current state of Social Security and its management under the current administration. Members voiced significant concerns regarding potential changes to Social Security and Medicaid, specifically addressing issues such as office closures, delays in benefit processing, and the perceived policies from Elon Musk's association with the administration. Public testimonies highlighted fears that these changes would severely impact the accessibility of benefits for seniors and vulnerable individuals, resulting in a chaotic environment at the SSA. Members expressed a unified opposition to the notion of dismantling these critical programs, emphasizing the long-term implications on their constituents' well-being.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
State Affairs (Part I) May 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- ...we aim to protect.
- I believe this bill strikes the right balance between protecting consumers and preserving access to trusted
- It doesn't restrict it also, because I am all for protection against unreasonable...
- Yet, we still have no liability protection in that role.
This allows them to protect themselves and protect
Keywords:
committee meeting, HB4749, SB621, HB201, HB3133, deepfake legislation, social media, public testimony, tactical medical professionals
Summary:
The meeting conducted by the committee saw extensive discussion surrounding several key bills, including HB4749, SB621, and HB201. Notably, HB3133, which involves legislation regarding explicit deepfake content and social media, was presented and debated vigorously with a committee substitute being proposed to align it with federal standards following the recent federal 'Take It Down' Act. The committee moved to report several bills favorably, including HB1506, emphasizing support for updating laws concerning political contributions and expenditures. Public testimonies were held on various bills, allowing stakeholders to voice their perspectives, particularly on legislation concerning tactical medical professionals and their role during high-risk incidents. The committee concluded the meeting by laying out additional bills for further discussion in subsequent sessions, underscoring a commitment to thorough legislative review.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Agriculture & Livestock Mar 18th, 2025 at 02:00 pm
House Agriculture & Livestock Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- mandatory reporting of THC levels and other contaminants, will promote product transparency and consumer
- ...researchers and consumers while keeping us compliant with
- How will this office ensure that these products are low cost to consumers?
This will give us the financial support to do that
- It's bad even for the consumers that want to be able to buy American beef.
Keywords:
hemp, agriculture, research permit, cannabis regulation, criminal offense, administrative penalty, hemp regulation, Texas agriculture, hemp research permit, administrative penalties, cannabis standards, hemp regulation, agriculture, research permit, criminal offense, administrative penalty, hemp, agriculture, research, regulation
Summary:
The Committee on Agriculture and Livestock convened to address several pressing bills concerning agriculture, food systems, and hemp regulation in Texas. Notable discussions revolved around HB1113, which focuses on the production and regulation of hemp, ensuring alignment with federal regulations. Testimonies from various stakeholders, including representatives from the Texas Hemp Coalition, indicated broad support for the bill, citing its potential to enhance agricultural practices and promote research. Additionally, members expressed concerns regarding the implications of food insecurity, advocating for HB1203, aimed at establishing an Office of Food Systems Security and Resiliency to address access to nutritious foods across Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Business and Commerce May 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- While it looks like a lot of added changes, most of this is protective technical change to ensure that
- Ultimately, all consumers pay.
Well, your consumers, the people you represent, the
- Please let reason prevail and protect what already works for Texas. Thank you.
- a safety net to protect the nation's nuclear fleet.
Keywords:
House Bill 5247, HCR 102, capital cost recovery, nuclear energy, legislative testimony, Senator Campbell
Summary:
The meeting was characterized by a thorough examination of various bills, with particular focus on House Bill 5247, which dealt with capital cost recovery mechanisms for utilities and featured discussions on its implications for consumers. Senator Campbell presented the bill, emphasizing its balanced approach and necessity for clarity in existing utility provisions. Multiple members expressed support, leading to a unanimous vote for its approval, showcasing a collaborative atmosphere within the committee. Additionally, HCR 102 was highlighted, which sought to call attention to the importance of federal tax credits for sustaining and expanding nuclear energy in Texas. The testimony from industry experts reinforced the bill's significance as Texas seeks to maintain its leadership in energy production amidst rising demands and competitive pressures from international markets.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- One of the elements of that that we discussed in committee was demonstrating financial hardship, and
- But like I said, we're in the financial position we are in today with all this surplus in large part
- As consumer energy storage modules become more prevalent
- I do not intend to penalize consumers for throwing away their typical household batteries.
- streams due to prolific usage in consumer goods.
Keywords:
oil and gas waste, application fees, permit amendments, environmental regulation, Texas natural resources, SB1150, inactive wells, Railroad Commission, compliance plan, Senator Middleton, committee substitute, effective date extension, stakeholder engagement
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Natural Resources convened to discuss developments regarding SB1150, related to the plugging of inactive wells. Senator Middleton presented the committee substitute for the bill, detailing key adjustments, including extending the effective date by two years to September 2027 to provide operators and the Railroad Commission adequate time for implementation. The discussions sought to address concerns regarding compliance complexity, particularly for wells inactive for more than 15 years. The relaxed timeline was intended to mitigate an initial rush before escalating requirements were imposed on stakeholders. In addition to the new timeline, revisions were made to enhance the clarity of reporting standards for operators regarding inactive wells.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence May 7th, 2025 at 07:05 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I have you here on behalf of the Consumer Federation of America registered against the bill.
- I'm Doug Heller, Director of Insurance for the Consumer Federation of America.
- I hoped that it would protect other children, but like many others, I have not seen justice.
- This bill, there's no way you can make this bill work and protect sexual assault victims.
- What about the emotional and financial well-being of Kelsey?
Bills:
HB4806
Keywords:
civil action, damages, health care services, noneconomic damages, negligence, legal standards, Judiciary Committee, HB4806, civil justice reform, public testimony, personal injury legislation
Summary:
The Judiciary and Civil Jurisprudence Committee meeting convened early to discuss several critical pieces of legislation, notably HB4806, which aims to reform aspects of civil justice, particularly surrounding personal injury claims. The committee faced strong public testimony both supporting and opposing the bill. Advocates argued that the bill would help mitigate excessive costs in litigation and enhance access to care for injured individuals, while opponents expressed deep concerns that it would drastically limit the ability of victims to receive fair compensation for their suffering. The testimony from families affected by injuries painted a poignant picture of the human impact of the legislation, highlighting the potential devaluation of their pain and trauma in court.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources (Part I) May 7th, 2025
Senate Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
This can certainly place an undue financial burden on
- Recover damages through alternative forms of financial assurances
- on protecting Texas' liquefied natural gas exports.
- The Interstate Compact is designed to protect and encourage the liquefied natural gas industry along
- This is time-consuming, it costs money, and prolongs the application process.
Keywords:
pipeline, construction, cash bond, county authority, local government, injection wells, environmental regulation, water quality, site inspection, geoscientist, satellite imagery, interstate compact, liquefied natural gas, energy resources, Gulf Coast, regulatory coordination, Senate Committee, Natural Resources, HB206, HB1238
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Natural Resources focused on several key bills, including HB206, HB1238, and HB2890. Senator Birdwell introduced HB206, which prohibits counties from mandating cash bonds for pipeline construction, a move aimed at facilitating energy infrastructure development. The bill was supported by witnesses from the industry who voiced their experiences regarding the financial burdens of cash bond requirements. Following this discussion, public testimony was heard but ultimately concluded without any opponents present, leading to the bill being left pending further consideration.
Senator Parker then laid out HB2890, which seeks to establish an interstate compact to protect and enhance liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports along the Gulf Coast. The bill aims to improve interstate communication and collaboration while addressing economic impacts due to recent regulatory challenges faced by the LNG industry. Public testimony for this bill was also minimal, with no witnesses registered to testify, but it was noted as an important step for Texas's energy future. The meeting concluded with discussions about pending votes on the bills, indicating a need to reconvene at a later time to finalize actions on these proposals.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- What are we doing to protect the workers?
- We have to protect those workers.
- , which include Child Protective Services, Prevention and Early Intervention, Adult Protective Services
**Adult Protective Services** protects adults over
- of financial.
Bills:
SB1
Keywords:
appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, child welfare, kinship care, community-based care, foster care, Senator Alvarado, Senator Hinojosa, legislative budget
Summary:
The meeting focused on various topics related to child welfare, particularly emphasizing the importance of kinship placements in the foster care system. Senators Alvarado and Hinojosa engaged in a detailed discussion regarding the benefits of kinship care, highlighting better outcomes for children and the financial implications for the state. They emphasized a need for continued investments in kinship care as a strategy to improve child welfare outcomes, encouraging the legislature to consider this approach moving forward. Additionally, the committee reviewed community-based care programs, which aim to keep children in their communities to promote stability and familial connections.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- should go, not necessarily what is best for the state's overall plan, which is what I'm trying to protect
- span marker="251" data-time="2476">It didn't consider irrigation, and it didn't consider changing consumer
- We've worked in Texas for over 60 years to protect the lands and waters on which all life depends.
- So we want to make sure there's some protections along those lines.
- span> Our water plan assumes about 2.5 million acre-feet for consumer
Keywords:
alcohol, taxation, reporting requirements, sales, distribution, death tax, inheritance tax, estate tax, property transfer, constitutional amendment, water fund, Texas water supply, constitutional amendment, state revenue, infrastructure, water infrastructure, HJR7, Texas Water Plan, funding, desalination
Summary:
The meeting focused on HJR7, with substantial discussions surrounding Texas' dire water infrastructure needs and proposed funding allocations. The committee, led by Chairman Perry, emphasized the necessity for a dedicated funding source to address an estimated $154 billion required for both water supply projects and repairing aging infrastructure. Witnesses, including executives from various engineering and environmental organizations, testified about the critical state of Texas' water systems and the anticipated shortfall of 6.8 million acre-feet of water annually by 2070. Testimony highlighted the urgency of implementing strategies such as desalination and flood mitigation to secure Texas' future water resources.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine children's safety in the digital era, focusing on strengthening protections and addressing legal gaps. Feb 19th, 2025 at 09:15 am
Senate Judiciary Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- protections, that did not happen in America.
- We want to protect kids on the Internet, not from it.
- protections granted to platforms by Section 230.
- It protects the citizens.
- protection laws.
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on the pressing issues surrounding child safety online, with a particular emphasis on recent legislative efforts aimed at curbing child sexual exploitation and harmful content accessible through social media platforms. Senators engaged in a heated discussion regarding the implications of Big Tech's lobbying efforts against vital bills such as the Stop CSAM Act and the Kids Online Safety Act. Noteworthy testimonies highlighted real-life impacts of online dangers, including tragic cases of child exploitation and drug-related fatalities linked to social media interactions. The bipartisan nature of the committee's commitment to address these issues showcased a collective determination to make the digital environment safer for the younger generation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- ...financial, legal, and reputational harm.
- ...cybersecurity safe harbor protections for small businesses
- First, it protects consumers by reducing the likelihood of data breaches that expose personal information
- I strongly support Senate Bill 2610 to support and protect our businesses.
- It protects jobs and protects lives.
Keywords:
E-verify, employment verification, state contracts, immigration, labor compliance, Sunset Review, government accountability, Texas Lottery Commission, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Texas Ethics Commission, government agencies, regulatory review, regulatory consistency, enforcement, local government compliance, cybersecurity, business protections, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Business and Commerce centered around critical legislation including SB2858, SB324, and several others pertaining to regulatory consistency and enforcement in local governments. Notably, SB2858 was introduced to address the apparent noncompliance of some cities with state laws by empowering the Attorney General to enforce regulations more effectively. The members deliberated on the implications of this bill, with public testimony highlighting the need for stronger measures against local governments that ignore state mandates. Aside from regulatory discussions, SB2610 was well-received as it aimed to provide cybersecurity protections for small to medium-sized businesses, encouraging compliance with industry standards while simultaneously minimizing potential legal repercussions for companies against data breaches. The committee aimed to strike a balance between ensuring business security and avoiding undue burden on smaller enterprises.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management Apr 3rd, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- These property owners have never, for 130 years, received water, wastewater, or fire protection.
- These burdens make backup power financially unobtainable.
- Residential backup power systems protect homeowners from extreme weather, save consumers money, and give
- HB 2304 will cut through red tape and allow consumers to get systems approved.
- Members, this bill raises the threshold to protect a proposed change to a zoning regulation or district
Keywords:
affordable housing, land use, zoning, urban planning, community development, housing crisis, mixed-use development, sustainability, municipal utility district, board of directors, qualifications, land ownership, Texas, municipal utility district, board of directors, qualifications, land ownership, taxation, municipal utility district, board of directors
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several pressing bills concerning housing and municipal regulations. Notably, House Bill 2225, presented by Representative Buckley, aimed to improve transparency regarding impact fees, which have been increasingly burdening homebuyers in Texas. The bill proposes that political subdivisions must present land use plans at least 60 days prior to hearings, giving stakeholders ample time to review. The discussion highlighted the significant effects of rising impact fees on housing affordability, with testimonies from various stakeholders emphasizing the need for accountability and clearer processes. The bill stirred a lively debate, with proponents arguing for increased transparency and opponents expressing concerns about the ramifications of the proposed changes on local governance and infrastructure funding.
House Bill 2304 was another crucial point of discussion, seeking to streamline the approval process for residential backup power systems. The bill faced support from numerous witnesses, including energy industry representatives, who touted its potential to enhance energy resilience and efficiency. The meeting concluded with a sense of urgency for revisiting these issues in future sessions, as committee members and advocates for both bills anticipated more rigorous discussions ahead in light of the housing market challenges in Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education Mar 4th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- These rising costs make state financial aid increasingly...
- There is a waiver process for students who are financially...
- Bureau of Labor Statistics data.
- One is in the field of financial aid.
- There is student programming we do for financial literacy.
Keywords:
HB8, community colleges, higher education, workforce development, dual credit programs, economic growth, student success
Summary:
The meeting focused primarily on the transformative impact of House Bill 8, which restructured community college funding to emphasize outcomes that align with workforce needs. Dr. Brenda Kays highlighted the importance of community colleges in building Texas's economy, discussing successful partnerships that have emerged from the new framework provided by the bill. Testimonies from various representatives underscored the effectiveness of dual credit initiatives and workforce training, pointing out that increased enrollment and program development directly address regional skill gaps in high-demand fields such as healthcare and technical trades. The discussions revealed a commitment to ensuring that community colleges adapt to changing economic landscapes by equipping students with the skills necessary for sustainable employment.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- The Protect Texas Land Act was drafted last fall.
- This bill is flawed in six key ways that protect federal law. Full invest.
- These programs protect taxpayer dollars.
- The financial barrier will likely force students to settle for other areas of law.
- Lastly, this bill poses serious concerns around privacy and data protection.
Bills:
HB256, HB1554, HB1743, HB2308, HB2351, HB2858, HB3676, HB3784, HB4312, HB4552, HB4823, HB4852, HB5007, HB5010, HB5520, HB5524, HCR19, HB1308
Keywords:
immigration, legal services, public money, government authority, unlawfully present, foreign ownership, agricultural land, real property, arms embargo, state regulations, foreign ownership, agricultural land, property rights, national security, real estate, border security, illegal immigration, Texas Commission, migrant workers, state plan
Summary:
The meeting of the committee involved extensive discussions surrounding several bills focused on immigration, border security, and campaign finance reform. Notably, House Bill 1554 was presented to address the use of public funds for legal services for individuals unlawfully present in the U.S., sparking significant opposition from several witnesses who voiced concerns about racial discrimination and the implications for immigrant communities. Other key bills discussed included House Bill 4823, the Campaign Finance Transparency Act, which aims to enhance reporting processes for political contributions, and House Bill 3676, related to energy policy. The committee heard from various stakeholders, both in support of and against the proposed legislation, reflecting a diverse range of opinions on these critical issues.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We're not just consumers; we're the grid's digital shock absorbers.
- Three of these pads can consume the entire capacity of one substation.
- ...need to protect these vital facilities.
- Establishing this council will promote energy preparedness and consumer savings.
- costs for consumers by 50 percent.
Bills:
HB1951, HB2715, HB3092, HB3237, HB3278, HB3511, HB3592, HB3675, HB3778, HB3782, HB3826, HB3970, HB4016, HB4049, HB4341, HB4344, HB4406, HB4427
Keywords:
collective bargaining, public works, government contracts, labor agreements, state funding, removal from office, political subdivisions, local government, judicial proceedings, administrative judicial region, electric transmission, public convenience, landowner consent, utility regulation, energy infrastructure, energy consumption, higher education, governmental entities, sustainability, electricity reduction
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on State Affairs was convened with a quorum present, led by Chair King. A primary focus of the meeting was on House Bill 3782, which addresses the shift from physical newspaper publications to digital platforms for public notices. Chairman Smithy introduced a committee substitute for the bill, highlighting the necessity for government entities to adapt to the declining availability of physical newspapers. The bill proposes allowing these entities to meet public notice requirements through qualified digital publications, ensuring they meet certain standards, including an audited paid subscriber base and reporting on local news.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- ...have always been a consumer-facing tax.
- So since that fee is paid in the transaction between the consumer and the accommodation.
- TPA is a non-profit, non-partisan, taxpayer-consumer advocacy organization, and we seek to...
- TPA urges you all to support SB 1592 for the sake of consumers and businesses in the Lone Star State.
- The Port of Beaumont is crucial, and we need to educate and come together to support and protect it.
Keywords:
child care, workforce resources, Texas Workforce Commission, employer support, parental assistance, Senate Bill 529, Midland, economic development, sales tax incentives, job creation, committee certification, public testimony, stakeholder support
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Economic Development Committee featured substantial discussions around several key bills aimed at advancing various sectors in Texas. Notably, Senate Bill 529 was supported by multiple stakeholders, including the Mayor of Midland, emphasizing its importance in allowing the city to access sales tax incentives that could bolster economic growth. The committee unanimously recommended several bills for certification, indicating a strong consensus among members on the proposed legislation's benefits. The focus on job creation and supporting local economies was prevalent throughout the meeting.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Let's say you don't file a personal financial statement for
- marker="349" data-time="2088"> I have a couple of colleagues with me today, Thomas Brown, our Chief Financial
- about the process and all the work that you all have put into the wall and what that wall is doing to protect
- That allowance sets the cap, essentially, on what consumers must pay to connect a new generation resource
- and so far, 12 companies have registered, representing 21 different facilities that are expected to consume
Keywords:
Public Utility Commission, Senate Bill 1929, HB2555, crypto mining, system resiliency, infrastructure standards, Permian Basin
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on the activities and initiatives of the Public Utility Commission (PUC) since the last legislative session. Key discussions included the implementation of Senate Bill 1929 regarding large crypto miners in Texas, which has led to 12 companies registering with the PUC and a projected demand of around 4,000 megawatts. Additionally, the committee addressed system resiliency plans authorized by HB2555, which allows electric utilities to file these plans to better handle extreme weather events and security threats. The meeting showcased the ongoing efforts to ensure infrastructure can meet growing demands, particularly in the rapidly expanding Permian Basin, and highlighted the need for minimum standards for utility infrastructure design, construction, and maintenance to improve resiliency against adverse conditions.