Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'deepfake legislation'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Our purpose is to monitor and promote legislation pertaining to TWIA that serves the best interests of
- We thank Chairman Hunter for his leadership and his work on this legislation.
- ...legislative sessions because the Gulf Coast is vital to
- The proposed legislation will benefit tenants, churches, and HOAs.
- By creating a group option, this legislation allows insureds to benefit from economies of scale with
Bills:
HB778, HB1266, HB1576, HB2213, HB2517, HB2518, HB2841, HB3306, HB3320, HB3388, HB3508, HB3520, HB3689
Keywords:
credentialing, healthcare, physician assistants, advanced practice nurses, managed care, hurricane, windstorm, loss mitigation, grants, insurance discounts, property retrofitting, insurance, Texas Windstorm Insurance Association, board composition, coastal counties, property insurance, insurance, taxation, Texas Windstorm Insurance Association, Texas FAIR Plan Association
Summary:
The meeting of the House Committee on Insurance revolved around discussions primarily focused on the intricacies of multiple proposed bills aimed at reforming insurance regulations, particularly in the context of windstorm insurance. Chairman Hunter introduced HB3689, which seeks to create a more equitable funding system for the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association by eliminating costly debt financing options. Multiple testimonies from representatives of the insurance industry highlighted collaboration efforts that have resulted in more affordable coverage options for residents in coastal regions. Key stakeholders, including insurance experts and affected constituents, expressed overwhelming support for the proposed changes, emphasizing the urgent need for reform to combat the rising costs that have burdened homeowners over the years. Additionally, discussions around HB1576 focused on incentivizing homeowners to improve the resilience of their properties against weather-related damage through a proposed grant program administered by the Department of Insurance. This proposal was deemed a significant step toward stabilizing insurance costs and encouraging safer construction practices.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Intergovernmental Affairs Apr 1st, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Intergovernmental Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="2556">In my area, yes, that's the conversation that we had and why we presented this legislation
- It can be challenging to pass that legislation.
- But this legislation is not only about legal representation.
Members, this legislation passed in the committee
- Chairman, members, thank you for hearing this vital legislation, and thank you to Representative Zwiener
Keywords:
municipality, local government, Type A, Type B, Type C, change authority, emergency medical services, civil service status, municipal government, public safety, local government code, school funding, education, state budget, local control, equity, tenant legal services, eviction, low-income tenants, disability rights
Summary:
HB2464, presented by Representative Heffner, seeks to reduce unnecessary local regulations on home-based businesses, supporting Texans' abilities to operate no-impact businesses from their residences. The discussions highlighted the balance between enabling entrepreneurship and ensuring community standards are upheld, along with concerns regarding potential impacts on existing zoning laws. The meeting concluded with a call for more clarification and a focus on ensuring the bill protects local interests while promoting small business growth.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Apr 15th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- This bill is just going to ensure that the Legislative code is consistent with our state agency rules
- As you've heard, this legislation creates a grant program.
- This legislation promotes fairness, removes obstacles for qualified professionals, and ensures that all
- This legislation would require people serving as non-attorney, non-family member advocates in special
- ...of the purpose of the legislation.
Bills:
HB1178, HB1411, HB1441, HB1773, HB1813, HB2107, HB2598, HB2911, HB2967, HB3672, HB5263, HB3797
Keywords:
education, temporary certification, out-of-state educators, teacher shortage, military spouses, personal leave, school holidays, education, employee compensation, overtime provisions, school safety, peace officers, mental health, de-escalation techniques, trauma-informed care, student trustee, school board, student representation, education policy, nonvoting position
Summary:
The meeting convened with a focus on educational legislation, with discussions spanning several key bills concerning mental health support for students, school safety measures, and the involvement of students in school governance. House Bill 1441, aimed at enhancing training for school resource officers on mental health awareness, received notable attention. Advocates highlighted the importance of equipping officers with the skills to address grief and trauma, thereby fostering a supportive environment for students. The bill was backed by testimonies from stakeholders emphasizing the critical need for proactive measures in schools to prevent crises and support students in need. Another significant piece of legislation was House Bill 3672, introduced by Chairman Ashby, focused on creating grant programs for extracurricular community education, providing essential resources for youth development and engagement.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- This legislation only applies to curbside voting.
- What this legislation will do is draw attention to any bad
- The Secretary of State, and this legislation was based on eyewitness accounts.
- Members, this legislation passed last session out of the
- the legislation goes into effect.
Keywords:
voting access, polling place, disability, caretaker provisions, ballot delivery, election code, ballot by mail, election code, voting, mail delivery, election integrity, filing fee, nomination, convention, election, candidate, voting by mail, assisted living, nursing facilities, legal guardian
Summary:
The House Committee on Elections convened to deliberate on several legislative measures, focusing significantly on the accessibility and integrity of the voting process. Key discussions included the presentation of HB5430, which addresses the declaration of a candidate’s ineligibility based on their filing status. The committee also reviewed Senate Bill SB901, a companion bill that echoes the intentions of HB5430. Other bills such as HB2253 aimed to introduce flexibility for local governments in case of disaster declarations, allowing them to cancel elections in a specified timeframe, emphasizing the need for local leaders to act decisively during crises. Additionally, Senate Bill SB760 was introduced to protect vulnerable populations, ensuring that legal guardians are notified when mail-in ballots are requested by individuals in long-term care facilities. Testimonies both supported and challenged the measures, revealing deep concerns regarding potential implications of these bills on voter rights, particularly for disabled stakeholders and elderly populations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education Apr 29th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Public comments will be posted on electronic legislative information
- Education Coordinating Board, the University of Texas Regents, and the legislature in the next legislative
- we have found from the positive outcomes from that legislation
- He was the former executive director of the Georgia Film Academy and the legislators that have...
- Several states have already passed similar legislation to this: Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Tennessee
Bills:
HB1784, HB2088, HB3062, HB3475, HB3741, HB4279, HB4763, HB5154, HB5294, HB5508, SB1401, HB232
Keywords:
students, homeless, foster care, higher education, liaison officer, housing assistance, transition support, law school, higher education, Rio Grande Valley, legal education, public university, accreditation, fentanyl prevention, drug poisoning awareness, higher education, mental health resources, substance abuse education, law school, higher education
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on various House Bills related to higher education and public safety, with notable discussions surrounding House Bill 1234 concerning credentialing at public institutions. Representative Perez highlighted the importance of this bill in ensuring that institutions encourage the earning of credentials of value. Additionally, the committee reviewed House Bill 1233 and House Bill 1527, both of which received favorable recommendations for passage, showcasing a commitment to enhancing educational opportunities for specific groups, including peace officers. The discussions were lively, with support and challenges presented on various bills, indicating a thorough examination of proposed legislation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education Apr 29th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- on electronic legislative information systems known as TELUS
- Education Coordinating Board, the University of Texas Regents, and the legislature in the next legislative
- He was the former executive director of the Georgia Film Academy and the legislators that have...
- Several states have already passed similar legislation to this.
- Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Tennessee, Nevada, and others have all passed similar legislation to have
Bills:
HB1784, HB2088, HB3062, HB3475, HB3741, HB4279, HB4763, HB5154, HB5294, HB5508, SB1401, HB232
Keywords:
students, homeless, foster care, higher education, liaison officer, housing assistance, transition support, law school, higher education, Rio Grande Valley, legal education, public university, accreditation, fentanyl prevention, drug poisoning awareness, higher education, mental health resources, substance abuse education, law school, higher education
Summary:
The committee meeting led by Chair Wilson focused on higher education legislation, notably addressing bills related to tuition fee exemptions, financial assistance for students, and combating fentanyl abuse on campuses. Significant discussions revolved around HB1527, which proposes fee exemptions for peace officers at public institutions, and HB3062, aimed at implementing educational initiatives to raise awareness of fentanyl dangers among students. Several representatives expressed support for these measures, citing the crucial need for educational programs to combat substance abuse and provide equitable access to education.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- the committee substitutes Senate Bill 264 to enhance school safety and security during the last legislative
- Another investment in the legislative session; it's not over with.
- is It's the half billion that I'm putting towards my legislation
- Another investment in the legislative session, it's not over
In my legislation, supported by Senator Creighton and
Keywords:
school safety, Foundation School Program, education funding, student allotment, Texas education, judicial conduct, judges discipline, judicial compensation, retirement benefits, judicial transparency, capital gains, taxation, constitutional amendment, state revenue, individual investment, school safety, Senate Bill 260, funding, mental health, legislative session
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around discussions on Senate Bill 260, which aims to enhance school safety through increased funding. Senator Huffman highlighted the initiative to double both the per-student and per-campus safety allotments. Testimonies from various stakeholders, including educators and mental health advocates, underscored the importance of addressing both physical safety and mental health needs in schools. The discussions revealed a strong consensus on the necessity of adequate resources for effective school safety measures while acknowledging the financial challenges faced by districts in meeting legislative mandates. The meeting concluded with a positive recommendation for the bill's passage to the full Senate.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We should show you in the record as for the legislation. Thank you so much.
- Texas Children, and I am testifying in favor of the affirming biological truth, advocating for legislation
- We believe in a culture of life, as Senator King said, and we believe that this legislation helps support
- this incredible legislation forward.
- openly talking about my mental health as this committee prepares to hopefully pass this bipartisan legislation
Keywords:
epinephrine, auto-injectors, school health, public school policy, emergency medical response, nonprescription medication, school health, healthcare provider, liability immunity, student welfare, adoption, parenting, education, family law, health curriculum, respiratory distress, school health, medication training, public education, student safety
Summary:
The Senate Education Committee convened to discuss multiple bills, primarily focusing on SB1619 and SB6019. Senator Dean Zaffirini presented SB1619, and the discussion revolved around modernizing the state's approach to epinephrine delivery devices. The highlighted importance of addressing anaphylaxis treatments in schools, particularly focusing on ensuring that both current and future delivery methods are adequately represented in the legislation was prominent. Participation from public testimony was also anticipated, allowing for community engagement.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Apr 23rd, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Other states have passed similar legislation. Thank you.
This legislation was crafted in close consultation
- Unfortunately, this legislation is necessary because we know there are numerous restaurants claiming
- In order for our Texas shrimp industry to survive, we need this legislation so farm-raised imports do
- I worked on that legislation last session.
Bills:
HB2226, HB2269, HB2343, HB2760, HB3621, HB4079, HB4204, HB4518, HB4531, HB4555, HB4850, HB4876, HB4903, HB4996, HB5122
Keywords:
property owners association, landscaping, grass maintenance, sustainability, water conservation, shrimp, restaurants, food service, imported shrimp, domestic shrimp, consumer protection, notice requirements, judicial review, Texas Workforce Commission, unemployment compensation, legal proceedings, labor law, ticket sales, event tickets, transparency
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several significant bills, with notable discussions revolving around HB2343. This bill, presented by Representative Leo Wilson, aims to enhance transparency in the shrimping industry by requiring restaurants to disclose the origin of shrimp served. The bill was met with mixed reactions, especially from the Texas Restaurant Association, which raised concerns regarding the burdensome requirements for menu updates and potential liability issues if inaccuracies were reported. Meanwhile, the committee passed other bills, including HB4204 aimed at protecting older homeowners from unfair contracts, which received support from AARP Texas and sparked discussions about the implications on consumers' rights.
In addition to presentation and testimony on bills, the committee also examined HCR76, which urges the federal government to regulate imports of foreign shrimp, reflecting a proactive stance on protecting local industries from unregulated competition. Overall, the meeting demonstrated a commitment to addressing economic concerns, consumer protection, and the sustainability of local businesses. The chamber was well attended, and many stakeholders provided public testimony for and against the various proposals.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I know nobody on this panel has had any problems getting exactly what they wanted out of legislative
- What we've been told from the commission is they need legislative instruction.
However, I plan to title this legislation as the "Congresswoman
- And while I appreciate some of the thoughts behind this bill, we are opposed to the legislation fundamentally
- I'm honored to be here today to discuss House Bill 2734, a crucial piece of legislation aimed at combating
Bills:
HB660, HB4845, HB3902, HB5396, HB4615, HB1825, HB1403, HB4336, HB4585, HB4371, HB863, SB1589, HB5223, HB3195, HB2734
Keywords:
child protective services, adult protective services, caseload limits, call processing goals, child-care licensing, employee workload, reporting requirements, employee caseload limits, protective services, child-care licensing, call processing goals, workload management, accountability, Department of Family and Protective Services, caseload limits, protective services, child-care licensing, employee goals, call processing, caseload limits
Summary:
The meeting was organized to address several key bills affecting health care and public assistance programs. A significant portion of the time was dedicated to discussing HB4585, which seeks to streamline claims processing for Medicaid providers by instituting strict payment timelines and limiting the use of artificial intelligence in utilization reviews. Representative Spiller and various stakeholders provided testimonies highlighting the frustrations of rural health care providers regarding payment delays. Concerns were raised about preserving patient access to necessary services amid administrative burdens. Another important discussion revolved around HB2734, which aims to combat fraud in public assistance programs, a topic that sparked heated testimonies reflecting the complexities faced by low-income families in navigating application processes. Critics expressed worries that the bill could mistakenly criminalize innocent mistakes in applications.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- of our court system, with an independent judicial branch, independent from the executive and the legislative
- to us so that we can correct in legislation.
- Students at Baylor and students participating in the program work in a legislative office during the
- insight into the legislative process and public policy.
- She's one of our interns, serving as our intern for legislative affairs.
Bills:
SB26, SJR36, SB26, SB616, SB565, SB384, SB28, SR109, SR122, SR126, SR130, SR136, SR137, SR141, SR142, SCR20
Keywords:
teacher compensation, education funding, public school educators, teacher retention, teacher designation, teacher compensation, education funding, public school educators, teacher retention, teacher designation, aquifer, water management, Edwards Aquifer, sustainability, regulatory framework, hunting license, fishing license, donation, operation game thief fund, wildlife conservation
Summary:
The meeting was marked by significant resolutions recognizing various contributions to Texas and celebrating community initiatives. Key discussions included the adoption of resolutions commemorating Texas Hispanic Judges Day and highlighting the 100th anniversary of Memorial Park. Senators expressed appreciation for the judges' dedication and legacy, with notable mentions of individual judges and their impact on the community and legal landscape in Texas. The Senate also honored students and organizations contributing positively to their communities, showcasing the interconnectedness of public service and the legislative process.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- required to check voter data against other states and legislation
And I know in the past, I think you've had legislation
- I know we've discussed legislation about...
- think it's been mentioned earlier that may have been an oversight or a mistake in the original legislation
- You know, when I look at legislation, I look to see how bills like this have been implemented in other
Keywords:
voting access, polling place, disability, caretaker provisions, ballot delivery, election code, ballot by mail, election code, voting, mail delivery, election integrity, filing fee, nomination, convention, election, candidate, voting by mail, assisted living, nursing facilities, legal guardian
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused primarily on discussions surrounding HB4309, aimed at allowing third parties to handle filing fees similarly to major political parties. Witnesses from the Libertarian Party, including Wes Benedict, expressed the need for equitable treatment in political financing, highlighting how fees imposed on them currently do not assist their party in any meaningful way like they do for Republicans and Democrats. Concerns were raised regarding the lack of accountability for fees collected from third parties, with committee members discussing potential oversight mechanisms.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Local Government (Part II) Apr 7th, 2025
Senate Local Government Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- With that, I ask the committee to favorably look on this legislation.
- the process, which discourages needed development, giving unelected individuals disproportionate legislative
- Texas, there's a very serious discussion about housing affordability, and we believe that this legislation
- The bottom line is that this legislation makes the American dream of owning a home more attainable for
Bills:
SB434, SB844, SB898, SB1177, SB1214, SB1454, SB1920, SB1927, SB1935, SB1965, SB2010, SB2046, SB2068, SB2073, SB2183, SB2260, SB3034, SB907
Keywords:
housing authorities, tax exemptions, local government code, multifamily residential development, municipal housing authority, municipal regulation, tree removal, Ashe juniper, military base, property protection, property owners' association, board governance, homeowner regulation, declarant control, assessment limits, guaranteed income, financial assistance, local government, public funds, employment programs
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Local Government convened to discuss significant bills, primarily focusing on SB844, which seeks to reform zoning petition processes to enhance property rights and facilitate housing development. Senator Hughes, the bill's author, advocated that current laws overly empower a minority of landowners to block necessary housing advancements, asserting that such regulations hurt overall housing affordability. Concerns were raised about balancing individual property rights against community needs, with testimonies from builders and housing advocates supporting the bill's aims to streamline zoning decisions and reduce impediments to development.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Feb 18th, 2025 at 02:02 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="238" data-time="1422"> A gentleman named William Holland of Washtenaw County passed the legislation
- Today offers an ideal opportunity for us legislators to recognize their important contributions.
- Enjoy, meet the legislators. This is your house. I hope this is the first of many to come. Welcome.
- The Texas Legislative Black Caucus will meet upon adjournment
Keywords:
Texas, resolutions, community recognition, Mission Day, Alabama Cushata Tribe, local economy, cultural heritage
Summary:
The meeting of the committee featured several resolutions and bills being discussed, highlighting statewide recognitions and honors. Notable among the resolutions was HR185, commemorating February 18, 2025, as Mission Day, which brings attention to the city of Mission's rich history and contributions to the economy, particularly in citrus production and international trade. Additionally, HR277 recognized the Alabama Cushata Tribe of Texas Day, honoring the tribe's heritage and its longstanding presence in the state.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- span>
I respectfully ask for your support in passing this legislation
The legislation as...
- we already use neuromodulators to treat conditions like TMJ dysfunction and jaw clenching, this legislation
- >
I respectfully ask for your support in passing this legislation
Keywords:
dentistry, botulinum toxin, aesthetic treatments, dental regulation, training, medical staff privileges, hospital administration, healthcare regulation, Texas Health and Safety Code, consistency in privileges, physician health, regulation, surcharges, occupational licensing, national practitioner data bank, healthcare, training, abuse, neglect, penalties
Summary:
During this meeting of the Committee on Public Health, members discussed several significant bills focused on expanding the scope of practice for dental professionals, specifically regarding the administration of neuromodulators such as Botox for aesthetic purposes. Senator Van Dever presented SB1117, which would allow licensed dentists to administer these treatments following proper training, a point that sparked a lively debate among committee members. While proponents emphasized the benefits of improving patient access to regulated aesthetic care, opponents raised concerns about the potential for dentists to prioritize cosmetic procedures over essential dental care, fearing that the marketplace could prioritize profit over patient safety. The bill enjoyed bipartisan support, having passed the Senate unanimously but faced scrutiny regarding the implications of allowing such expansion beyond traditional dental practices.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nominations of Preston Griffith, of Virginia, to be Under Secretary, and Dario Gil, of New York, to be Under Secretary for Science, both of the Department of Energy. Apr 10th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- p>
Senator Lee started by discussing the impacts of the recent legislation
- Senator Heinrich mentioned, "It is crucial that we take into account the long-term effects this legislation
Next, we will have an update on the pending legislation
Keywords:
nominations, Undersecretary of Energy, Undersecretary of Science, Preston Griffith, Dario Gil, energy policy, scientific innovation
Summary:
The meeting was convened to discuss several significant nominations, particularly focusing on Preston Wills Griffith III for Undersecretary of Energy and Dr. Dario Gil for Undersecretary of Science. The committee underscored the importance of these roles in shaping American energy policy and scientific innovation. The discussion highlighted the nominees' backgrounds, with Griffith having extensive experience at the Department of Energy and the White House, and Gil bringing expertise in quantum technology and energy research. Members expressed a strong desire to understand the nominees' perspectives on current challenges facing the energy sector, including regulatory mandates and national security concerns. The meeting concluded with a commitment to ensuring thorough evaluations of the candidates and their proposed approaches to pressing issues.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine turning back time, focusing on locking the clock. Apr 10th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Many states across our nation have started to consider legislation to pick a permanent time.
- Joining us today is our friend Senator Rick Scott from the Sunshine State to give remarks on his legislation
- In 2018, when I was Governor of Florida, I signed legislation
Keywords:
daylight saving time, Sunshine Protection Act, health impacts, clock change, legislative discussion
Summary:
The committee meeting was dedicated to discussing significant legislative topics, focusing particularly on the implications of daylight saving time (DST). Senator Scott advocated for the Sunshine Protection Act, which aims to eliminate the twice-yearly clock changes and keep daylight saving time year-round. He emphasized the negative health impacts associated with DST, including increased risks of heart attacks and accidents immediately following the time changes. Various witnesses provided personal testimonies and expert opinions, highlighting the confusion and health disruptions caused by the current time change practices.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider the nomination of Arielle Roth, of the District of Columbia, to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information. Apr 9th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Here in the Senate, she served as Legislative Counsel to former Senator and Committee Member Roy Blunt
- Here in the Senate, she served as Legislative Counsel to former Senator and Committee Member Roy Blunt
- And here in the Senate is Legislative Counsel to former Senator
Summary:
During the committee meeting, various issues surrounding state policy and governance were deliberated. Although the specifics of bills under discussion were not highlighted, comments from several committee members indicated a focus on improving legislative processes and addressing public concerns. The chairman facilitated discussions that included several points of critique as well as suggestions for enhancement of existing laws. The atmosphere remained constructive despite the complexity of the topics at hand.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Through prior legislation on allotments tied directly to that
- /span> How I know that you have given this important piece of legislation
- That $800 million is 10% of the new dollars in the legislation that schools will receive.
Keywords:
House Bill 2, education funding, public schools, special education, teacher pay, Senate Committee on Education K-16, substitute bill, public testimony, Senator Creighton, educational reforms
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Education K-16 convened to discuss House Bill 2, which focuses on public education funding and reforms. Senator Creighton presented amendments to the bill, highlighting significant increases in funding for special education and enhancements to teacher pay. Notably, the committee adopted a new substitute version of the bill after thorough discussions regarding its implications on districts and educators. Several senators expressed their concerns and support for the bill, emphasizing the importance of ensuring that all educational stakeholders are adequately compensated and that the bill addresses ongoing educational challenges in Texas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the legislative chairman of the Texas Land Title Association this year.
- In my role as legislative chair, I'm in the title business.
- There's some other legislation on the seller impersonation
Bills:
SB15
Keywords:
real property, recording requirements, county clerk, photo identification, property law, property fraud, deed theft, SB15, SB2611, Senator Kolkhorst, criminal prosecution, public testimony, property rights
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Business and Commerce focused primarily on the discussions surrounding SB15 and SB2611, which address the significant issues of property fraud and deed theft. Senator Kolkhorst led the meeting, emphasizing the integration of these bills to effectively tackle the criminal aspects of deed fraud. Numerous testimonies were heard from affected individuals and stakeholders, highlighting the growing problem of property fraud which has seen a disturbing rise over recent years. Guests shared personal accounts of the devastating impacts of such fraud, stressing the bill’s necessity for safeguarding property rights.