Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'state grants'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence SC New Offenses and Changed Penalties Apr 24th, 2025 at 08:04 am
Transcript Highlights:
This creates a specific state-level...
- House Bill 4414 will help combat this problem by creating a new state-level penalty structure for the
- Based on the number of checks stolen, this penalty structure will range from a state...
- House Bill 4414 establishes penalties ranging from a state
- We believe local and state law enforcement should have these tools as well.
Keywords:
animal facilities, trespassing, HB1720, public testimony, HB2593, indecent assault, HB4414, mail theft, elderly protection, disabled individuals
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several critical pieces of legislation, including discussions around HB1720, aimed at enhancing the security of animal housing facilities to prevent unauthorized trespassing. Representative Gerben-Hawkins emphasized the bill's importance in protecting both the animals and the safety of facilities. The discussion highlighted personal accounts, including a notable incident involving a break-in at the Dallas Zoo, underscoring the urgency of implementing stricter penalties for trespassers in these settings. The bill aims to classify such trespassing as a jail felony or even a third-degree felony depending on the circumstances of any harassment towards the animals involved.
Additionally, HB2593 was brought up, proposing to increase penalties for indecent assault against the elderly and disabled, reflecting a growing concern for the safety of vulnerable populations. The committee also discussed HB4414, which addresses mail theft related to checks and introduces offenses for the theft of mail keys. The meeting was well-attended, with ample public testimony supporting these legislative measures, indicating a strong concern from the community about animal welfare and protection for vulnerable citizens.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- And it's good for the state
- of Texas, and it was also good for the state of Wisconsin.
- ...than 2,500, less than even the state of Florida, yet we
- Texas is rather unique in how it is calculated, as we are one of two states across the nation that does
- States experience some form of abuse each year.
Keywords:
child support, interest accrual, family law, delinquency, financial judgment, Jurisprudence Committee, Senate Bill 2501, legal representation, indigent families, Senate Bill 629, child support reform, interest rate reduction, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting conducted by the Jurisprudence Committee featured significant discussions surrounding several bills focused on improving legal representation for indigent families and reforming the child support system in Texas. Notably, Senate Bill 2501 was presented to enhance access to legal counsel for families involved with the Child Protective Services, allowing them to choose their own attorneys. The bill was well-received with various testimonies supporting its potential positive impact on legal outcomes for families. Additionally, Senate Bill 629 aimed at reducing the interest rates on child support arrears was highlighted, with studies presented that indicated a decrease in non-custodial parents’ debt burden would lead to increased compliance in payments and better support for families.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the posture of the United States European Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for fiscal year 2026 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed he Apr 3rd, 2025 at 08:30 am
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel
Transcript Highlights:
- and its thousands of varied nuclear weapons continue to pose an existential danger to the United States
- day, as Europe remains by far our largest trading partner and source of investment in the United States
NATO should be led by the United States, but Europe
You have made the United States safer.
- For decades, we have relied upon our State Department diplomats and the U.S.
Summary:
The committee convened to discuss various bills and hear testimonies related to legislative matters, including public concerns and implications surrounding the proposed legislation. Notably, the members engaged in a vigorous debate over SB4, where several representatives shared differing viewpoints on its impact on local communities and the environment. Public testimonies were heard, with advocates arguing for the bill's potential benefits, while opponents raised significant concerns regarding the fiscal implications and land use. Following these discussions, the committee moved to vote on HB2214, which passed without issue, illustrating the bipartisan support for certain initiatives tied to public welfare.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine interdicting illicit drug trafficking, focusing on a view from the front lines. Feb 26th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- that's why we're working together on legislation to stop illicit fentanyl smuggling in the United States
- That is to say, states like mine, Washington, and yours,
- /span>
Overdose deaths continue to rise in most western states
- We had the largest coordinated drug trafficking bust in Seattle: 600 officers from 10 different states
- Attorney, FBI, DEA, ATF, CBP, Washington State Patrol, the King County Sheriff's Office, and Bellevue
Keywords:
Coast Guard, maritime drug enforcement, illegal drugs, fentanyl crisis, legislative reforms, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation addressed critical issues surrounding maritime drug enforcement and the Coast Guard's role in stopping the influx of illegal drugs. The chairman highlighted the alarming consequences of current policies allowing drugs to cross borders, emphasizing the need for legislative reforms, such as the Coast Guard Reauthorization Act of 2025. There was an intense discussion regarding the operational challenges faced by the Coast Guard, which has recently made significant drug seizures, indicating progress but also revealing gaps that need addressing. Several witnesses, including victims of the drug crisis, shared their compelling testimonies, which underscored the urgency for stricter controls and comprehensive support for law enforcement agencies involved in drug interdiction efforts.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development May 14th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Members, I want to be clear that our food supply in the United States of America and in Texas is, of
- Registered voters in Texas already believe that the state should remove these barriers for those with
- In fact, there's a Chinese company that set up some laboratories in states in America that did COVID
- So the letter says other states like.
- And so that is why these other states really understand this.
Keywords:
landlord, tenant rights, repair obligations, housing conditions, property code, legal liability, SB140, SB1484, SB1802, catfish labeling, landlord responsibilities, consumer protection, Texas Aquaculture Association, senior safety
Summary:
The meeting focused on several key legislative bills that were discussed thoroughly, including SB140, SB1484, and SB1802 among others. One of the notable discussions was around SB1484, which seeks to prevent food service establishments from misleading consumers by accurately labeling catfish products. Witnesses from the Texas Aquaculture Association testified in support of this bill, emphasizing the importance of truth in labeling to protect local producers. The bill passed with unanimous support, showcasing a collaborative effort to support Texas's catfish industry. Additionally, SB1802 proposed making it the landlord’s responsibility to repair elevators in senior housing, addressing safety concerns for vulnerable populations. The discussions around this bill resulted in proposed amendments to enhance protections for residents in such facilities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - First Called Session Aug 5th, 2025 at 01:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- >We thank you, Father, for allowing us to be part of the United States
- In this great state of Texas, Father, we thank you for the
- The Pledges of Allegiance to the United States and Texas flags
I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States
State your inquiry.
Bills:
HB4
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Texas Legislature, elections, 2020 Census, Texas Department of Public Safety, legislative attendance, Disaster Preparedness Committee, flood legislation, quorum
Summary:
In this meeting, the chair addressed concerns regarding the attendance of certain members who have been evading their legislative duties. The Texas Department of Public Safety is actively working to enforce civil arrest warrants to ensure that these members return to the chamber. This issue is pressing as the Disaster Preparedness Committee is poised to evaluate five crucial pieces of legislation aimed at addressing catastrophic flooding that has severely impacted communities across the state. The emphasis was placed on the urgency and importance of the work undertaken by the committee in these trying times.
The meeting concluded with a plan for the House to reconvene, urging members to ensure their attendance. The chair expressed hope for a quorum to be achieved by the next session, allowing for the continuation of critical discussions. This session saw active participation from members, highlighting the dedication towards serving constituents despite the present challenges faced within the legislature.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider the nomination of Mehmet Oz, of Pennsylvania, to be Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Mar 25th, 2025 at 08:30 am
Senate Finance Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- of my state. Dr.
- Georgia is the only state with work reporting requirements in its Medicaid program.
- It states why the DOJ is struggling to find fraud in Social Security.
- Social Security has field offices and serves Americans in every state.
- [State Name] is one of the few states that has not been able
Keywords:
Social Security, Medicaid, Frank Bisignano, Elon Musk, benefit processing, office closures, public testimony, administration policies, health care, vulnerable populations
Summary:
The committee meeting focused heavily on the nomination of Frank Bisignano as the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, with intense discussions around the current state of Social Security and its management under the current administration. Members voiced significant concerns regarding potential changes to Social Security and Medicaid, specifically addressing issues such as office closures, delays in benefit processing, and the perceived policies from Elon Musk's association with the administration. Public testimonies highlighted fears that these changes would severely impact the accessibility of benefits for seniors and vulnerable individuals, resulting in a chaotic environment at the SSA. Members expressed a unified opposition to the notion of dismantling these critical programs, emphasizing the long-term implications on their constituents' well-being.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence Mar 25th, 2025 at 02:03 pm
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Outside of the United States.
- And if the state can't do that, then it doesn't come in.
- On Friday, after business hours, I get someone from the state saying, "Oh, by the way.
- They may have moved to another state.
- I would just remind, and I know this is stating the obvious here, but I think when.
Bills:
HB207, HB235, HB324, HB449, HB463, HB502, HB1121, HB1445, HB1465, HB1778, HB1977, HB2000, HB2066, HB2596
Keywords:
child protection, sexual offenses, obscenity laws, visual material, anatomically correct dolls, mannequins, robots, criminal offenses, sexually explicit material, anatomically correct dolls, minors, artificial intelligence, sexually explicit, child protection, visual material, artificial intelligence, doll, mannequin, robot, law enforcement
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on a range of bills addressing important topics such as artificial intelligence and sexual exploitation laws. Notably, House Bill 235, which aims to add civil and criminal liability for the use of AI-generated deepfake materials, garnered discussion from multiple members and witnesses, including Adrian Shelley from Public Citizen who expressed support for the bill. Concerns about ensuring the legislation's clarity and enforcement were raised. Additionally, House Bill 207 was presented, which seeks to expand definitions within sexual offense laws to include representations involving anatomically correct dolls, eliciting varied perspectives from representatives during the debate.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
Didn't the United States just accept a gift from Qatar
- span> That would be inconsistent if the President of the United States
- And in the state of Texas, we're prohibiting student groups
- That's very important, and the US State Department says this.
- policy or practice of the United States to support that activity or organization.
Keywords:
education, public safety, foreign funding, higher education, student organizations, legislative committee, Texas Senate
Summary:
The committee meeting covered a wide range of bills focused primarily on education and public safety. Notable discussions included HB120 and HB126, both of which were adopted without objection, signaling strong support from committee members. Senators engaged in a detailed debate regarding the implications of HB2683, which addresses funding from foreign adversaries to student organizations at public institutions. Concerns were raised about the potential impact on students and the role of government oversight in such matters, showcasing a mix of support and caution among committee members. The session ended with several bills being recommended for favorable passage to the full Senate, reflecting an agenda driven by both educational progress and safety measures.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services May 19th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- maybe, let's say, 50 or 60 years, do you know what percentage of school funding was provided by the state
- 414 ensures that voters receive a full financial picture of elections by requiring that the ballot state
- Have you consulted with any elections administrators or the Secretary of State?
For the second-largest state in the United States?
- You can name the state. I believe it's Seattle.
Keywords:
school funding, bonds, education, finance, Texas Education Code, public banks, bond proceeds, voter transparency, Texas legislation, Senate Bill 621, Senate Bill 414
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several key bills impacting public funds, particularly regarding the use of unspent bond proceeds and mandated transparency during bond elections. Notably, Senate Bill 621 was discussed, which seeks to prohibit political subdivisions from establishing public banks, emphasizing core governmental functions and preventing taxpayer exposure to financial risks. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted concerns about the appropriateness of using public funds for non-essential projects, which led to vigorous debate amongst committee members. Additionally, Senate Bill 414 was addressed, which requires clear disclosures about estimated interest costs in bond proposals, aiming to enhance voter awareness and accountability.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Energy Resources May 12th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Energy Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- In the state of Texas right now, 80,000 pounds, they can cross anywhere they want with these special
- There is very little communication between our largest trading partner in our state.
- ...about it and work with our state agency and enforcement
- I think perhaps one of the state agencies could address that.
- It's a very small percentage, which we call specialized haulers within the United States.
Keywords:
LP-gas, property owner notice, natural resources, gas installations, safety notification, HB2, SB2949, fuel regulations, gas facilities, Texas-Mexico border, public safety, illegal fuel operations
Summary:
The meeting featured robust discussions surrounding several bills, particularly focusing on HB2 and SB2949, which aim to establish better regulations for gas facilities and address concerns over fuel transportation. Representative Rosenthal introduced HB2, explaining its intent to improve protocols for gas installations, and shared a personal account of safety concerns that arose from similar incidents in his area. SB2949 was discussed with emphasis on curbing illegal fuel operations while protecting legitimate trade across the Texas-Mexico border. The bill drew attention due to a rise in fuel-related crimes and the need for effective tracking of fuel movements. Both bills left pending, highlighting the committee's commitment to revisiting and refining the proposed measures.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Apr 2nd, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
Well, it is the largest port in the United States, number
Over a trillion dollars a year of the state GDP.
- And earlier, it was mentioned that the state GDP is 2.
- The Water Development Board is responsible for developing both the state water plan and the state flood
- However, under current law, all state agencies...
Keywords:
water infrastructure, Texas Water Development Board, financial assistance, water supply projects, rural municipalities, water access assessment, aquifer storage, Edwards Aquifer, water injection, environmental regulations, groundwater management, San Antonio River, pollution control, flood management, water quality, conservation district, bonds, utility rates, ratemaking, water services
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on the consideration of several water-related bills, including HB1618, HB2970, HB3609, and HB3628. Representative Harris introduced HB1618, which aims to facilitate aquifer storage and recovery projects in Williamson County to support growth and address drought issues. Multiple witnesses testified in favor of the bill, emphasizing the need for effective water management in a rapidly growing area. The discussion highlighted the increasing water demands along the I-35 corridor. Representative Paul advocated for HB2970, which codifies navigation safety measures for the Houston Ship Channel, a vital component for Texas's economy. This bill is linked to a major federal project intended to protect against storm surges while ensuring two-way traffic on the channel.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Senate Bill 2052 provides this clarity by stating that every court has to start from the presumption
- in the state statute and will provide the roadmap.
- So our state can give more rights.
- We can't get financial assistance if they're outside of the custody of the state.
- However, the state could also bear some of this burden, leading to good outcomes for everybody.
Keywords:
judicial bond, guardianship, probate law, county judge, statutory county court, attorney general, criminal prosecution, public order, law enforcement, jurisdiction, attorney ad litem, parent-child relationship, compensation, legal representation, government entity, probate, court proceedings, record delivery, wills, legal documentation
Summary:
The meeting involved discussions primarily focused on family law and child protection cases, featuring several bills aimed at clarifying legal standards and fee schedules. Notably, Senator Byrd introduced SB2052, which reinforces the parental rights in child custody matters, establishing a presumption that parents act in the best interest of their children. This bill drew support and testimonies from various stakeholders, highlighting the need for clarity in legal proceedings regarding child custody. Additionally, Senator Zaffirini's SB1838 addressed the compensation of attorneys in child protection cases, emphasizing the importance of clear fee schedules to ensure fair compensation. Testimonies from legal experts underscored the existing confusion around attorney fees and the need for standardized procedures. Overall, the committee acknowledged the importance of these bills in protecting children's rights and ensuring fair legal representation for families.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management May 15th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Me and others across the state over the past several years
- Familial divisions are protected by state statute and have been.
- Yes, sir, and a lot of those are state requirements that are put in place upon those counties.
- Okay, that's by state law.
That's by state law.
- And that may not even be legal under current state law.
Keywords:
extraterritorial jurisdiction, municipality, petitioner rights, landowner, local governance, SB1450, SB2523, SB1708, housing crisis, permitting delays, third-party reviews, county oversight, flood insurance
Summary:
The meeting involved discussions primarily around SB1450, SB2523, and SB1708. The highlight was SB1450, which seeks to streamline the review process for building permits by allowing licensed third-party professionals to conduct inspections. Testimonies from various stakeholders, including local housing advocates and property developers, indicated strong support for the bill, as it addresses the ongoing housing crisis by reducing permitting delays. Concerns were raised about the potential impact on county regulatory authority, emphasizing the need for counties to retain oversight in the review process, especially regarding flood insurance and safety regulations. The committee members showed proactive engagement in addressing amendments to the bill aimed at safeguarding public interests, while also facilitating efficient housing development.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Creighton, Senator Flores is recognized to address the urgent request for Congress to reimburse the state
- For many years, the state of Texas has invested Texas taxpayer funds to secure water and, quite frankly
- This offense will be a state jail felony.
- The Penal Code, of course, requires a mental state.
- Probably daily in the state of Texas.
Keywords:
firearm acquisition, gun smuggling, criminal offenses, ammunition, terrorism, public safety, HCR40, HB214, border security, Operation Lone Star, public testimony, firearm offenses, terrorism, legislation
Summary:
The committee convened to discuss two significant bills: HCR40, regarding reimbursement for border security costs, and HB214, which addresses the prosecution of firearm and ammunition-related offenses. Senator Flores represented HCR40, urging Congress to reimburse Texas for expenses incurred under Operation Lone Star, citing ongoing issues with illegal crossings and drug trafficking. Though there was a commendable attempt at public testimony, none was received, and the bill was left pending with intentions for further discussions. Much emphasis was placed on the state's security responsibilities and federal inaction that led to a substantial financial burden on Texas taxpayers.
In discussing HB214 introduced by Chairman Birdwell, key points included the need for refinement in identifying which offenses classify as terroristic. The members engaged in a comprehensive debate surrounding the expansion of offenses related to firearms smuggling and terrorism. Members expressed concern over including overly broad definitions that could lead to misuse of power and mislabeling of offenses. The committee's focus shifted towards creating a more precise framework that separates economic offenses from true acts of terrorism. The meeting emphasized collaboration and careful consideration in drafting legislation aimed at enhancing public safety without infringing on rights.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Closed hearings to examine the posture of United States Indo-Pacific Command and United States Forces Korea in review of the Defense Authorization Request for fiscal year 2026 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by an ope Apr 10th, 2025 at 07:00 am
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel
Transcript Highlights:
- ...than the United States.
- The United States does not seek conflict with China, but we have deep economic and security interests
- of our partnership with the Philippines and the remarkable emerging partnership between the United States
- Commander of United States Forces Korea, Combined Forces
- With me over my right shoulder is United States Indo-PACOM's senior enlisted leader, Fleet Master Chief
Keywords:
Indo-Pacific Command, U.S. military strategy, China military drills, Taiwan, Philippines, North Korea, defense budget, military modernization
Summary:
The meeting focused on significant strategic discussions regarding the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and its military posture in the region. Admiral Paparo and General Brunson were commended for their services, with the Chair noting an alarming shift in the balance of power towards China. Key topics included China's aggressive military drills near Taiwan, the increasing coercion against the Philippines, and the need for the U.S. to reaffirm its commitments to its allies in the region. Concerns were raised regarding China's military modernization and its implications for U.S. forces, alongside discussions on North Korea's threats and its burgeoning nuclear capabilities. The committee emphasized the urgent need for military and defense appropriations to counteract these growing security challenges.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Press Conference Aug 4th, 2025 at 03:08 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- span marker="7" data-time="36"> committees who have met not only in Austin to meet with the relevant state
- Something we've been working hard to do in the state of Texas
- span>
What comes next, both on that end for members out of state
- and any that remain in the state?
- We will be here tomorrow at one o'clock, hopefully doing the business of the state of Texas.
Keywords:
flooding, legislation, bipartisan, funding, policy changes, human trafficking, standardized testing, Texas House
Summary:
The meeting addressed pressing legislative matters including responses to recent unprecedented flooding in the Hill Country. Members discussed important legislation aimed at funding necessary for flood victims and proposed policy changes to mitigate future occurrences. The Chairman emphasized the bipartisan efforts put forth by members present, despite some absenteeism from others who were out of state. Discussions also touched on the governor's initiatives related to eliminating standardized testing and tackling human trafficking, highlighting the diverse agenda of the Texas House in the ongoing special session.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
State Affairs (Part II) May 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
The Committee on State Affairs will come to order.
- You've got to, and all the election integrity people around the state agree.
- Thirty-four states and Congress have passed personal information laws.
- Please state your name. Dr.
- Presley, please state your name and position. You have two minutes.
Keywords:
House Bill 223, House Bill 521, voter accommodation, public testimony, Senator Middleton, Senator Gann
Summary:
The committee meeting conducted significant discussions around various bills, notably focusing on House Bill 223, which was reported favorably with recommendations for a full Senate pass. Several members, including Senator Middleton, participated in laying out the bill, emphasizing its potential impacts. Senator Gann's HB521 also garnered attention, receiving approval with aim to accommodate voters' needs, particularly those with disabilities. Throughout the meeting, members exhibited collaboration despite differing views on certain propositions, reflecting a commitment to legislative progress. Public testimony was sought for various bills, expanding the dialogue with stakeholders on topics affecting their communities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs (Part II) Apr 14th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
For the record, please state your name, title, and the
- State water is water that the state owns.
- Please state your name, title, and the organization that you represent.
- Please state your name and title.
- I just want to make sure that everyone within the state agencies knows their role.
Keywords:
groundwater, water utilities, Senate Bill 2661, penalties, public testimony, aquifer depletion, water conservation, Senate Bill 2662, drought resources
Summary:
During this meeting, the committee had a thorough discussion centered around various Senate Bills primarily related to groundwater management and water utility regulations. Notably, Senate Bill 2661, introduced amendments to enhance penalties for over-pumping water, highlighting the growing concern over depleting aquifers and ensuring compliance with existing water use regulations. Multiple senators voiced their opinions regarding the necessity of tougher penalties and the implications for both water users and conservation methods. Public testimony was heard, with some arguing against the proposed penalties, stating they could unfairly burden farmers and landowners.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine big fixes for big tech. Apr 1st, 2025 at 01:30 pm
Senate Competition Policy, Antitrust, and Consumer Rights Subcommittee
Transcript Highlights:
- This is about competition that's going to help folks, whether we're in a red state or a blue state.
- or a blue state.
- We are the second largest search engine on mobile devices in the United States and the third largest
- As the title of this hearing states, there is no one big fix; there is no silver bullet.
- or a blue state.
Keywords:
antitrust, competition policy, digital advertising, monopoly, America Act, big tech, consumer rights
Summary:
The meeting, titled 'Big Fixes, Big Tech', marked the first hearing of the Senate antitrust competition policy and consumer rights subcommittee in the 119th Congress. Chairman Lee opened the session focusing on the urgent need for effective solutions regarding anti-competitive behavior among major tech firms like Google and Facebook, highlighting several ongoing court cases regarding monopolistic practices in the digital advertising and search markets. Key discussions included the limitations imposed on small businesses and innovation due to the dominance of these tech giants, with many testimonies advocating for stronger legislative measures, including the America Act. The act aims to disrupt the monopolistic capabilities of these firms and restore competitive integrity in the marketplace, which has suffered under their oppressive market control.