Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'permitting process'
Page 1 of 52
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine improving the Federal environmental review and permitting processes. Feb 19th, 2025 at 09:15 am
Senate Environment and Public Works Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The need to modernize our federal environmental review and permitting process is something we've talked
- and permitting processes, identify challenges, and then hopefully
- process.
As a result, environmental review and permitting processes
- It literally took an act of Congress to permit this project.
Keywords:
environmental review, permitting process, infrastructure, bipartisan legislation, economic growth, Nucor, West Virginia
Summary:
The meeting focused on critical discussions surrounding the need for modernizing the federal environmental review and permitting processes. Witnesses from various sectors, including Nucor, provided testimony on the delays and costs associated with current regulations, emphasizing the impact on infrastructure and economic growth. Major projects in West Virginia, such as the Corridor H and Coalfield Expressways, were highlighted as examples of initiatives stalled by excessive permitting hurdles, prompting calls for bipartisan legislation to streamline these processes while maintaining environmental protections. The committee expressed a commitment to address these issues immediately, highlighting the urgency to enhance efficiency in permitting to facilitate economic development.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nominations of Katharine MacGregor, of Florida, to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior, and James Danly, of Tennessee, to be Deputy Secretary of Energy. Apr 2nd, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Small businesses are worried if their permits will get processed.
- Permitting.
- Danley, I agree with you about permitting reform.
- So to date, the real problems with federal permitting haven't been seen in transmission?
- Most siting and permitting happens at the state level for transmission.
Keywords:
nuclear energy, permitting process, energy production, public lands, national parks, uranium imports, legislative bills, infrastructure development
Summary:
The committee meeting was dominated by discussions on a variety of legislative bills including major topics such as nuclear energy advancement, the effects of regulatory hurdles on energy production, and proposals to improve national park staffing and maintenance. Members expressed concerns over the federal government's handling of uranium imports and the necessity for maintaining a robust domestic nuclear supply chain. Efforts to streamline permitting processes to facilitate more efficient energy project development were also a focal point, alongside public testimony from stakeholders in the energy and environmental sectors. The meeting highlighted the urgent need for infrastructure development to meet rising energy demands while addressing climate change impacts.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Mar 26th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Almost every permit we do today, we're already...
- Should economics even have a place as long as the permit quality is met, the discharge permit?
- It's an expensive process.
- But there is a process in place where, if TCP...
- Well, there are recourses through the litigation process.
Keywords:
groundwater, export fees, conservation district, interlocal contracts, water supply, groundwater, water conservation, permit application, neighboring districts, aquifer, water rates, utility regulation, financial hardship, rate increase cap, Class A utilities, dissolution, special districts, water code, inactive districts, environmental quality
Summary:
The recent meeting of the Natural Resources Committee covered significant discussions primarily focused on various water-related bills, notably HB685, HB1918, HB2601, and HB2608. Representative Wally introduced HB1918, which seeks to limit water rate increases for Class A utilities to a maximum of 20% every 36 months. The bill is in response to alarming reports from constituents who experienced drastic increases in their water bills, leading to concerns about financial sustainability for residents on fixed incomes. Supporters emphasized the need for better regulations to protect consumers, while opponents argued that the bill could dissuade necessary investments in utility infrastructure, jeopardizing service quality. Public testimony was a vital component, with various stakeholders expressing both support and opposition to the proposals under discussion.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources (Part I) Mar 26th, 2025
Senate Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Companies undergo a federal permitting process for exports,
- Projects in Texas face a longer permitting process because of the contested hearing process, which can
- Permits that are already in process. How long have they been in process?
- So the permit process, if they simply go ahead with that permit based upon federal guidelines, you could
- Where are we in the permitting process?
Keywords:
rock crushing, permits, air quality, environmental monitoring, aggregate production, seismicity, public meeting, land use, oil emergency, gas emergency, liability protection, Railroad Commission, emergency assistance, civil liability, natural resources, LNG export, semiconductor, permitting process, aggregate production, energy infrastructure
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Natural Resources Committee centered around several key pieces of legislation, particularly focusing on the energy and infrastructure sectors. Discussion highlighted Senate Bill SB2037, aimed at expediting the LNG export terminal permitting process, receiving strong support from industry representatives. Notably, SB1758 and SB1759 were also discussed, addressing the contentious interactions between aggregate production operations and semiconductor wafer manufacturing, with testimonies from stakeholders emphasizing the need for careful regulatory oversight to cater to all parties involved. Concern was voiced regarding the vibrations caused by mining operations, potentially impacting manufacturing processes, particularly in Grayson County.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Mar 26th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- over-permitted.
- One permit.
- It just adds clarity to the permitting process for districts when they're evaluating the permits.
- process.
- Notice is the very first step of the process. If they don't take part...
Keywords:
groundwater, export fees, conservation district, interlocal contracts, water supply, groundwater, water conservation, permit application, neighboring districts, aquifer, water rates, utility regulation, financial hardship, rate increase cap, Class A utilities, dissolution, special districts, water code, inactive districts, environmental quality
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on addressing several important water-related bills, including HB391, HB420, and HB2626 among others. Representative Bell presented updates on HB391 related to accountability for rural water districts, achieving a consensus for statewide applicability and allowing for virtual meetings. Multiple testimonies were heard, showcasing both support for and concerns regarding the bills, specifically emphasizing the significance of maintaining water resources and addressing community needs amid Texas's growth. Representative Buckley advocated for HB2626 aimed at establishing the Central Texas Water Alliance to ensure sustainable water management across the region, which involves collaboration among various public, private, and state entities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Environmental Regulation Apr 24th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Environmental Regulation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- 288">HB3071 is Chairman Guerin's bill relating to the cancellation of certain solid waste disposal permits
- data-time="414">This bill ensures that the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality does not issue new permits
- Current regulations allow for the possibility of new wastewater discharge permits, which
- Even one poorly placed discharge permit could permanently alter its fragile ecosystem.
- Texas manufacturers lower costs and reduce reliance on foreign supply, creates jobs in logistics, processing
Bills:
HB1730, HB1823, HB2048, HB2266, HB2440, HB3333, HB4086, HB4271, HB4413, HB4839, HB4841, HB5151
Keywords:
concrete crushing, hospital safety, environmental regulation, construction industry, permitting process, recycling, beverage containers, environmental protection, refund program, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, rock crushing, concrete, permit processing, environmental regulation, priority applications, motor vehicle, air quality, energy source, engine, state implementation plan
Summary:
The committee meeting was focused on several key legislative matters, including the discussion of HB1904 concerning littering associated with balloon releases, which was presented favorably and passed unanimously. Additionally, the elimination of the Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance Program was discussed within the context of HB5033, with a substitute motion adopted and passed. The meeting featured public testimony, allowing interested parties to share their views during a structured testimony period, ensuring all voices were heard within the limited timeframe. Overall, the members expressed a cooperative spirit aimed at addressing community concerns through legislation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management Apr 24th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- permit applications.
- process.
- TAP is in strong support of House Bill 4398, Permitting Delay.
By accelerating this permitting process without encroaching
- ...permitting process.
Bills:
SB840, HB2025, HB2512, HB3139, HB3798, HB3892, HB4373, HB4398, HB4582, HB4689, HB5187, HB5658, HB5666
Keywords:
municipality, extraterritorial jurisdiction, residents rights, local governance, petition, Edwards Aquifer, municipal utility district, bond issuance, county authority, water management, Ashe juniper, tree removal, municipal regulation, military base, property rights, environmental impact, county regulation, infrastructure planning, subdivisions, building codes
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on discussions surrounding affordable housing, particularly through the lens of House Bill 4398. Representative Garcia-Hernandez presented the bill, which aims to streamline the permitting process for low-income housing projects, thus reducing the timeline municipalities typically take to approve or deny permits by 50%. This bill is viewed as critical given the pressing issues related to low-income housing availability in Texas. Public testimony included supportive evidence from various stakeholders, highlighting the urgent need for expedited permits to align construction timelines with strict tax credit requirements. Experts from the Texas Affiliation of Affordable Housing Providers also underscored that permitting delays create significant financial risks, complicating the completion of necessary housing units.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- ="306">A judge's order may pause public funds and benefits regarding construction and development permits
- This ensures employers are made aware of the complaints early in the process and have the opportunity
- span marker="88" data-time="522"> Members, this bill is about ensuring a balanced and transparent process
- Sometimes employers hear about it, but there's no meaningful process to address the complaint.
- And so, are we encouraging participation in the process or discouraging it?
Bills:
HB842, HB1907, HB2844, HB2892, HB3439, HB4211, HB4536, HB5111, HB5138, HB5182, HB5247, HB5269, HB5323, HB5435, HJR201, SB871, HB3896, SJR40
Keywords:
power lines, Gulf Coast, weather-related outages, Public Utility Commission, infrastructure, government contracts, Chinese companies, information technology, cybersecurity, state regulations, food safety, mobile vendors, licensing, permitting exemptions, health inspections, nonprofit organizations, personal information, government disclosure, privacy, criminal penalties
Summary:
The committee meeting featured extensive discussions on various bills, with a notable emphasis on public testimony regarding energy efficiency and electoral ethics. HB5323 was presented, aiming to establish the Texas Energy Waste Advisory Committee, which seeks to tackle energy waste and improve power system reliability across Texas. Supporters highlighted the importance of coordination among state agencies to enhance existing programs and reduce energy consumption especially during high-risk periods. The bill progressed amidst a supportive public sentiment and promises of accountability through regular reporting to the legislature.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- processes, one for each of those different jurisdictions.
- every city and every county have their own permitting process.
- rate adjustment filing that the PUC has a process for today.
- This single annual processing will properly refresh the overall cost.
- So the process would be we develop the number on a suspect.
Bills:
HB842, HB1907, HB2844, HB2892, HB3439, HB4211, HB4536, HB5111, HB5138, HB5182, HB5247, HB5269, HB5323, HB5435, HJR201, SB871, HB3896, SJR40
Keywords:
power lines, Gulf Coast, weather-related outages, Public Utility Commission, infrastructure, government contracts, Chinese companies, information technology, cybersecurity, state regulations, food safety, mobile vendors, licensing, permitting exemptions, health inspections, nonprofit organizations, personal information, government disclosure, privacy, criminal penalties
Summary:
The committee meeting was marked by discussions on several key legislative measures, particularly focusing on amendments to emergency powers and local food vendor regulations. A highlight was the presentation of SJR 40 by Representative Slauson, aimed at redefining how the state handles emergency declarations and asserting legislative authority beyond the traditional session times. This proposal elicited significant interest and debate among committee members, emphasizing the need for a more responsive governance framework to better handle future crises like COVID-19. In regards to food regulations, House Bill 2844 was discussed, seeking to streamline licensing requirements for food trucks operating across multiple jurisdictions. Testimony included perspectives from both supporters advocating for fewer regulatory hurdles and critics warning about potential public health risks.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part I) May 21st, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- And so, I mean, this addresses the process.
- That's the due process standard I'm trying to get to.
- constitutional problems with our registry process.
- and discovery process.
- It's really an acute process.
Bills:
HB1106, HB3284, HB541, HB713, HB1403, HB1586, HB1942, HB2070, HB2844, HB2851, HB3151, HB3749, HB3940, HB3963, HB4454, HB4466, HB4795, HB5154, HB5394, SB1357, HB1052, HB4099, HB4638, HB5147
Keywords:
child abuse, neglect, gender identity, sexual orientation, child welfare, marriage, family, Texas Commission, family welfare, marriage support, stability, premarital education, child development, strong families, direct patient care, healthcare, physicians, medical services, insurance regulation, healthcare
Summary:
The committee meeting convened to discuss a variety of bills primarily related to healthcare and early childhood education. Notably, the committee reported favorably on several bills including HB721, HB2035, and HB2038, with all receiving unanimous support of 7-0. Senator Perry played a crucial role in moving the bills forward, advocating for their inclusion on the local and uncontested calendars. Furthermore, there was significant discussion surrounding HB3940, which addresses Medicaid eligibility for newborns, emphasizing the necessity for automatic enrollment to avoid gaps in coverage for infants during critical early stages of development. The meeting was characterized by the committee's cohesive efforts to streamline processes and enhance the efficiency of healthcare services for vulnerable populations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part II) May 21st, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- That's the current process.
- This is because it's part of the maternal mortality process. I understand it's a process.
- Obtain a permit or pay a permitting fee to operate a food
- County permit is $1,300.
- Parents are just not challenged by this process.
Bills:
HB1106, HB3284, HB541, HB713, HB1403, HB1586, HB1942, HB2070, HB2844, HB2851, HB3151, HB3749, HB3940, HB3963, HB4454, HB4466, HB4795, HB5154, HB5394, SB1357, HB1052, HB4099, HB4638, HB5147
Keywords:
child abuse, neglect, gender identity, sexual orientation, child welfare, marriage, family, Texas Commission, family welfare, marriage support, stability, premarital education, child development, strong families, direct patient care, healthcare, physicians, medical services, insurance regulation, healthcare
Summary:
The committee meeting featured extensive discussions surrounding various bills, notably focusing on HB3284, which aims to establish a commission to promote marriage and family stability while addressing the needs of vulnerable children in the Texas foster care system. Witnesses provided diverse perspectives, with some expressing support for the bill's goal of strengthening family units, while others raised concerns about the potential discrimination against single-parent households and LGBTQ+ families. Additional highlights included debates on HB1106 regarding the treatment of transgender youth and HB4638, which sought to streamline the state's engagement with developers and capacity builders, addressing concerns over administrative efficiencies and child welfare.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- for the same permit.
- So, there are two different things that happen: you've got to go through the permitting process and the
- The bill simplifies and accelerates the permitting process for residential backup power systems.
- and streamlining the permitting process.
- SB1202 streamlines the permitting process, reduces red tape, improves the resilience of Texas's energy
Bills:
SB264, SB542, SB924, SB1008, SB1029, SB1036, SB1057, SB1058, SB1185, SB1202, SB1358, SB1364, SB1376, SB1569, SB1664, SB1697, SJR50
Keywords:
property owners' association, water conservation, residential watering restriction, fines, drought management, video services, regulation, public right-of-way, franchise authority, telecommunications, food safety, regulations, permitting, local authority, food service industry, used vehicles, advertising regulations, dealerships, consumer protection, vehicle identification
Summary:
The committee meeting was marked by a series of discussions regarding several bills aimed at improving local regulations, particularly around food service operations. Members discussed the challenges of regulatory inconsistencies affecting restaurants and the food industry, emphasizing how Senate Bill 1008 could alleviate some financial burdens. Various stakeholders, including representatives from the Texas Restaurant Association, testified in support of this bill, highlighting the need for clearer and more predictable regulations. The discussions included provisions that would cap local permit fees, preventing duplicate charges that hinder small businesses' operations. Notably, there was strong bipartisan support demonstrated as numerous bills were reported favorably with unanimous votes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management May 15th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- You'd have to go through a permitting process to get access
- Under this, you don't have to go through the permitting process, but now you can go ahead and get water
- review, permitting, or inspections.
- Once resolved, the permit proceeds without delay.
- ...in the inspection process.
Keywords:
extraterritorial jurisdiction, municipality, petitioner rights, landowner, local governance, SB1450, SB2523, SB1708, housing crisis, permitting delays, third-party reviews, county oversight, flood insurance
Summary:
The meeting involved discussions primarily around SB1450, SB2523, and SB1708. The highlight was SB1450, which seeks to streamline the review process for building permits by allowing licensed third-party professionals to conduct inspections. Testimonies from various stakeholders, including local housing advocates and property developers, indicated strong support for the bill, as it addresses the ongoing housing crisis by reducing permitting delays. Concerns were raised about the potential impact on county regulatory authority, emphasizing the need for counties to retain oversight in the review process, especially regarding flood insurance and safety regulations. The committee members showed proactive engagement in addressing amendments to the bill aimed at safeguarding public interests, while also facilitating efficient housing development.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 2nd C.S.
Natural Resources Aug 21st, 2025 at 02:08 pm
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- process.
- Export permits, production and export permits, okay.
- So production permits...
That was included in our permit.
- It's kind of a reverse engineering process.
Keywords:
groundwater, conservation, water permits, sustainability, resource management, groundwater, permitting, conservation, Texas Water Development Board, aquifer, hydrological impact, groundwater, House Bill 24, House Bill 27, water conservation, public testimony, scientific study, moratorium, East Texas
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on House Bill 24 and House Bill 27, which pertain to groundwater management in Texas. Representative Ashby expressed appreciation for the committee's efforts and emphasized the significance of these discussions, given the ongoing concerns around groundwater conservation in East Texas. The committee engaged in detailed dialogue regarding the implications of groundwater exports and the need for scientific studies to understand the potential impacts on local water resources. House Bill 27 aims to conduct a scientific study on the aquifers, requiring a temporary moratorium on new export permits to facilitate better data-driven decision-making. Public testimony included a wide range of stakeholders who shared perspectives on the importance of maintaining a balance between urban growth and rural water needs.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on County & Regional Government May 5th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House S/C on County & Regional Government
Transcript Highlights:
- This non-binding process helps improve retention, recruitment, and conflict resolution while supporting
- Right now, they can amend a budget without any of that process.
- Establishing a permitting process for events exceeding these limits, with fees based on administrative
- Such as Dallas and Bexar counties, procurement processes
- This arrangement clarifies authority, enhances accountability, and accelerates procurement processes,
Keywords:
parking, county courthouse, infrastructure, local government, public safety, housing, homelessness, county fee, housing initiatives, local government, emergency shelter, rapid rehousing, Texas legislation, constable, salary assistance, grants, rural law enforcement, law enforcement funding, noise regulations, county authority
Summary:
The committee meeting convened to address a series of bills aimed at enhancing public safety, addressing homelessness, and improving governance associated with county purchasing agents. Key discussions revolved around HB3205, which seeks to implement a County Housing First Initiative to combat homelessness by allowing counties to create a dedicated funding source for such initiatives. Representative Campos presented compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of Housing First programs, citing substantial improvements in housing stability and quality of life for participants. The bill received favorable testimonies from various stakeholders, emphasizing its crucial role in tackling homelessness in Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Environmental Regulation Apr 17th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Environmental Regulation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- expedited permitting and contested case hearing processes
- process, which can add an additional six to 12 months to the permitting timeline.
- on the first part of the process, which is getting the draft permit, that's okay with us.
- Again, we don't have huge concerns with the expedited permitting part of the process.
- The question was to process, and we are the division that does the wastewater permitting.
Keywords:
solid waste management, exclusive contracts, public agency, contract amendment, notification requirements, Texas Health and Safety Code, emissions inspection, motor vehicle, environmental regulation, state authority, clean air act, federal mandate, liquefied natural gas, environmental permits, expedited review, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, contested case hearing, public comments, administrative hearings, occupational licenses
Summary:
The meeting focused on several critical environmental bills primarily related to regulatory processes and emissions management. Key discussions included a thorough examination of HB3997, which aims to streamline LNG terminal permitting processes to boost development efficiency and compliance in Texas. Matt Barr of Chenier Energy emphasized the need for clarity in regulatory timelines to better support export operations and maintain Texas's leading position in LNG exports. Additionally, multiple bills were proposed concerning vehicle emissions testing and transparency requirements in waste management contracts, highlighting the varied approaches lawmakers are taking to environmental regulation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Agriculture & Livestock Mar 18th, 2025 at 02:00 pm
House Agriculture & Livestock Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- and nonprofit research entities to obtain hemp research permits.
- It's meant to allow universities and non-profits to get hemp research permits, and it keeps...
- Individuals with drug convictions would not be eligible for licenses or research permits for 10 years
- The approval process can take years for some of them.
- House Bill number 147 seeks to update this antiquated process.
Keywords:
hemp, agriculture, research permit, cannabis regulation, criminal offense, administrative penalty, hemp regulation, Texas agriculture, hemp research permit, administrative penalties, cannabis standards, hemp regulation, agriculture, research permit, criminal offense, administrative penalty, hemp, agriculture, research, regulation
Summary:
The Committee on Agriculture and Livestock convened to address several pressing bills concerning agriculture, food systems, and hemp regulation in Texas. Notable discussions revolved around HB1113, which focuses on the production and regulation of hemp, ensuring alignment with federal regulations. Testimonies from various stakeholders, including representatives from the Texas Hemp Coalition, indicated broad support for the bill, citing its potential to enhance agricultural practices and promote research. Additionally, members expressed concerns regarding the implications of food insecurity, advocating for HB1203, aimed at establishing an Office of Food Systems Security and Resiliency to address access to nutritious foods across Texas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Energy Resources Apr 7th, 2025 at 12:00 pm
House Energy Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- the actual 811 process runs.
- I think it's important to keep that integrity in that process.
- Similarly, there's another bill that kind of cleans up the process.
- It would extend the maximum term of a permit for four...
- It deals with the permit for the disposal of oil and gas waste.
Keywords:
inactive wells, oil and gas regulation, environmental protection, Railroad Commission of Texas, well plugging, Railroad Commission, penalties, violations, pipeline safety, civil penalties, criminal penalties, environmental protection, wildfire prevention, oil and gas, safety inspections, administrative penalties, Railroad Commission of Texas, excavation, notification, utilities
Summary:
The meeting of the House Committee focused predominantly on House Bill 3791, which aims to reform the notification requirements for excavators before commencing work. Representative Batson introduced the bill, emphasizing the need to update Texas's current 48-hour notification system to align with 45 other states, where the notification period is typically two business days. The bill aims to enhance public safety and streamline the excavation process, allowing for a more efficient and timely communication system among excavators and utility locators. During the discussions, Vice Chair Morales raised concerns regarding equitable enforcement and the absence of penalties for locators if deadlines aren't met, which led to a more in-depth conversation about enhancing responsibility across parties involved in the excavation process.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources (Part I) May 21st, 2025
Senate Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- , not an enforcement action or other actions, but only the issuance of a permit.
- ...for violating a permit.
- trust in the process.
- It restores faith that the permitting process is not a formality, but a fair, participatory system that
- permitting.
Keywords:
oil waste, gas waste, liability, treatment processes, environmental safety, beneficial use, motor vehicle, air quality, energy source, engine, state implementation plan, construction, wildlife impact, height restrictions, national wildlife refuge, environmental regulations, surface estate, well plugging, Railroad Commission, landowner rights
Summary:
The committee meeting covered several significant bills with a focus on environmental concerns and public health implications. Notably, House Bill 2440 was discussed, which aims to prevent state agencies from restricting vehicle ownership based on energy sources, ensuring Texans can choose the vehicles that suit their needs. Representative Curry presented the bill, emphasizing the need for consumer choice and the protection of personal freedoms in transportation policies. The bill left the floor pending after no public testimony was provided.