25.361.19 100th Legislative Session 175
2025 South Dakota Legislature
Senate Bill 175
Introduced by: Senator Wheeler
Underscores indicate new language.
Overstrikes indicate deleted language.
An Act to create provisions governing litigation financing. 1
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA: 2
Section 1. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 3
Terms used in this Act mean: 4
(1) "Consumer," any individual who resides or is present in this state or who is or may 5
become a claimant or a plaintiff in a civil action or an administrative proceeding, 6
or in pursuit of any claim or cause of action in this state; 7
(2) "Division," the Division of Banking; 8
(3) "Entity," any domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, limited partnership, 9
limited liability company, trust, fund, plan, or any other business, enterprise, 10
association, or organization; 11
(4) "Foreign country of concern," a foreign government listed in 15 C.F.R. § 791.4 12
(January 1, 2025); 13
(5) "Foreign entity of concern," an association, corporation, organization, partnership, 14
or other combination of persons: 15
(a) Organized or incorporated in a foreign country of concern; 16
(b) Owned or controlled by the government, a political subdivision, or a political 17
party of a foreign country of concern; 18
(c) That has a principal place of business in a foreign country of concern; or 19
(d) Owned, organized, or controlled by or affiliated with a foreign organization 20
that has been placed on the federal Office of Foreign Assets Control specially 21
designated nationals and blocked persons list or designated by the United 22
States Secretary of State as a foreign terrorist organization; 23
(6) "Legal representative," an attorney, group of attorneys, or law firm duly licensed 24
and authorized to practice law and to represent a consumer in a civil action, 25
administrative proceeding, or claim to recover damages in this state; 26 25.361.19 2 175
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Overstrikes indicate deleted language.
(7) "Litigation financer," any individual or entity engaged in, or any entity formed, 1
created, or established for the purpose of engaging in, the business of litigation 2
financing or any other business or economic activity in which a person receives 3
consideration of any kind in exchange for providing litigation financing. A litigation 4
financer does not include a state or federally charted bank or credit union; 5
(8) "Litigation financing," the financing, funding, advancing, or loaning of money to 6
pay for fees, costs, expenses, or any other sums arising from or in any manner 7
related to a civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action, if the 8
financing, funding, advancing, or loaning of money is provided by any person other 9
than a person who is: 10
(a) A party to the civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of 11
action; 12
(b) A legal representative engaged, directly or indirectly through another legal 13
representative, to represent a party in the civil action, administrative 14
proceeding, claim, or cause of action; or 15
(c) An entity or insurer with a preexisting contractual obligation to indemnify 16
or defend a party to the civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or 17
cause of action; 18
(9) "Litigation financing contract," a written contract in which a person agrees to 19
provide litigation financing to any person in conjunction with a civil action, 20
administrative action, claim, or cause of action in this state in consideration for: 21
(a) The payment of interest, fees, or other consideration to the person 22
providing the litigation financing; or 23
(b) Granting or assigning to the person providing the litigation financing a right 24
to receive payment from the value of any proceeds or other consideration 25
realized from any judgment, award, settlement, verdict, or other form of 26
monetary relief any consumer, legal representative, or other person may 27
receive or recover in relation to the civil action, administrative proceeding, 28
claim, or cause of action. 29
The term does not include any contract or engagement of a legal 30
representative to render legal services to a consumer on a contingency fee basis 31
or the advancement of legal costs by the legal representative, in which the services 32
or costs are provided to or on behalf of a consumer by the legal representative 33
representing the consumer in the civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or 34
cause of action; and 35 25.361.19 3 175
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(10) "Regulated lender," as defined in § 54-3-14. 1
Section 2. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 2
A person may not engage in litigation financing in this state unless the person is 3
licensed as a money lender, as provided for in chapter 54-4. 4
Section 3. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 5
An entity seeking to conduct business as a litigation financier must: 6
(1) Be active and in good standing, pursuant to § 47-1A-128, as reflected in the Office 7
of the Secretary of State; and 8
(2) Be authorized to engage in the business of litigation finance and designated as a 9
litigation financier in the entity's articles of incorporation, charter, articles of 10
organization, certificate of limited partnership, or other governing document. 11
Section 4. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 12
An entity seeking to conduct business as a litigation financer must be licensed 13
pursuant to chapter 54-4. The entity's application must include a statement containing: 14
(1) For each individual who, directly or indirectly, owns, controls, holds with the power 15
to vote, or holds proxies representing five percent or more of the voting securities 16
of the litigation financer: 17
(a) The individual's legal name; 18
(b) The individual's physical street address and mailing address; 19
(c) The individual's occupation; 20
(d) Any offices and positions held with the litigation financer during the past 21
five years; and 22
(e) Any conviction of a crime other than a misdemeanor traffic violation during 23
the past ten years; 24
(2) For each entity that, directly or indirectly, owns, controls, holds with the power to 25
vote, or holds proxies representing five percent or more of the voting securities of 26
the litigation financer: 27
(a) The entity's legal name; 28
(b) The entity's physical street address and mailing address; and 29 25.361.19 4 175
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(c) The nature of the entity's business operations, if any, during the past five 1
years or a description of the business intended to be done by the entity and 2
entity's subsidiaries, if any; and 3
(3) The names of the individuals who are or who have been selected to become 4
directors or officers of the entity and each subsidiary of the entity. The information 5
required pursuant to section 5 of this Act must be included for each individual. 6
Section 5. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 7
All documents and information filed with the division pursuant to section 4 of this 8
Act are public records. The division's duty to file documents is ministerial. The division's 9
filing or refusing to file a document does not create a presumption that: 10
(1) The document does or does not conform to the requirements of this Act; or 11
(2) The information contained in the document is correct or incorrect. 12
Section 6. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 13
A litigation financer may not: 14
(1) Pay or offer commissions, referral fees, rebates, or other forms of consideration to 15
any person in exchange for referring a consumer to a litigation financer; 16
(2) Accept any commissions, referral fees, rebates, or other forms of consideration 17
from any person providing any goods or rendering any service to the consumer; 18
(3) Receive or recover any payment that exceeds twenty -five percent of the amount 19
of any judgment, award, settlement, verdict, or other form of monetary relief 20
obtained in the civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action 21
that is the subject of the litigation financing contract; 22
(4) Advertise false or misleading information regarding the litigation financer's 23
products or services; 24
(5) Refer or require any consumer to hire or engage any person providing any goods 25
or rendering any services; 26
(6) Fail to promptly deliver a completed and signed litigation financing contract to the 27
consumer and the consumer's legal representative; 28
(7) Attempt to secure a remedy or obtain a waiver of any remedy, compensatory 29
damages, punitive damages, or statutory damages that the consumer may or may 30
not be entitled to pursue or recover otherwise; 31
(8) Offer or provide legal advice to the consumer; 32
(9) Assign or secure a litigation financing contract in whole or in part; 33 25.361.19 5 175
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(10) Report a consumer to a credit reporting agency if insufficient funds remain to repay 1
the litigation financer in full from the proceeds received from any judgment, award, 2
settlement, verdict, or other form of monetary relief obtained in the civil action, 3
administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action that is the subject of the 4
litigation financing contract; 5
(11) Demand, request, receive, or exercise any right to influence, affect, or otherwise 6
make any decision in the handling, conduct, administration, litigation, settlement, 7
or resolution of any civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action 8
in which the litigation financer has provided litigation financing. All rights remain 9
solely with the consumer and the consumer's legal representative; 10
(12) Knowingly enter into an agreement creating a right for anyone, other than the 11
named parties or the legal representative of record, to receive or make any 12
payment that is contingent on the outcome of a claim or cause of action, the terms 13
of which are to be satisfied by funds directly sourced, in whole or in part, from a 14
foreign entity of concern; or 15
(13) Enter into a commercial litigation financing contract, directly or indirectly, with a 16
foreign entity of concern or a foreign country of concern. 17
Section 7. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 18
A person who provides any goods or renders any services to the consumer may 19
not have a financial interest in litigation financing and may not receive any commissions, 20
referral fees, rebates, or other forms of consideration from any litigation financer or the 21
litigation financer's employees, owners, or affiliates. 22
Section 8. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 23
The terms and conditions of a litigation financing contract must be set forth in a 24
written contract. The contract must contain all terms and conditions at the time the 25
contract is signed by any party to the contract. 26
On execution of a litigation financing contract, a litigation financer may not amend 27
the terms or conditions of the litigation financing contract without full disclosure to and 28
the prior written consent of all parties to the litigation financing contract. 29
A litigation financing contract must set forth the name, physical street address, 30
and mailing address of the litigation financer on the first page. 31
Section 9. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 32 25.361.19 6 175
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Overstrikes indicate deleted language.
A litigation financing contract must contain the following disclosures that constitute 1
material terms and conditions of the litigation financing contract, typed in at least 2
fourteen-point bold font, and placed clearly and conspicuously immediately above the 3
consumer's signature line in the litigation financing contract: 4
"IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES -- PLEASE READ CAREFULLY 5
(1) Right to Cancellation: You may cancel this litigation financing contract without 6
penalty or further obligation within five business days from the date you sign this 7
contract or the date you receive financing from the litigation financer, whichever 8
date is later. You may cancel by sending a notice of cancellation to the litigation 9
financer and returning to the litigation financer any funds received from the 10
litigation financer at the litigation financer's address set forth on the first page of 11
this contract. 12
(2) The maximum amount the litigation financer may receive or recover from any 13
payment may not exceed twenty -five percent of the amount of any judgment, 14
award, settlement, verdict, or other form of monetary relief obtained in the civil 15
action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action that is the subject of 16
this litigation contract. 17
(3) The litigation financer agrees that it has no right to, and will not demand, request, 18
receive, or exercise any right to influence, affect, or otherwise make any decision 19
in the handling, conduct, administration, litigation, settlement, or resolution of your 20
civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action. All of these rights 21
remain solely with you and your legal representative. 22
(4) If there is no recovery of any money from your civil action, administrative 23
proceeding, claim, or cause of action, or if there is not enough money to satisfy in 24
full the portion assigned to the litigation financer, you will not owe anything in 25
excess of your recovery. 26
(5) You are entitled to a fully completed contract with no terms or conditions omitted 27
prior to signing. Before signing this contract, you should read the contract 28
completely and consult an attorney." 29
Section 10. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 30
If the consumer is represented by a legal representative in the civil action, 31
administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action that is the subject of the litigation 32
financing contract, the legal representative must acknowledge in the contract that the 33
legal representative and the legal representative's employer and employees have not 34 25.361.19 7 175
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received or paid a referral fee or any other consideration from or to the litigation financer 1
and have no obligation to do so in the future. 2
If the consumer's legal representative is a party to a litigation financing contract 3
related to the consumer's civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action 4
that is the subject of the litigation financing contract, the legal representative must 5
disclose and deliver the litigation financing contract to the consumer. 6
Following the disclosure and delivery, the consumer shall sign an acknowledgement 7
that the consumer has read and understands the terms and conditions of the litigation 8
financing contract. The consumer must be provided with a copy of the acknowledgement. 9
Section 11. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 10
Except as otherwise stipulated or ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction, a 11
consumer or the consumer's legal representative shall, without awaiting a discovery 12
request, disclose and deliver the litigation financing contract to: 13
(1) Each party to the civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action, 14
or to each party's legal representative; 15
(2) The court, agency, or tribunal in which the civil action, administrative proceeding, 16
claim, or cause of action may be pending; and 17
(3) Any known person with a preexisting contractual obligation to indemnify or defend 18
a party to the civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action. 19
The disclosure obligation exists regardless of whether a civil action or an 20
administrative proceeding has commenced. 21
The disclosure obligation is a continuing obligation, and within thirty days of 22
entering into a litigation financing contract or amending an existing litigation financing 23
contract, the consumer or the consumer's legal representative shall disclose and deliver 24
any new or amended litigation financing contract to the parties specified in this section. 25
The existence of the litigation financing contract and all participants or parties to a 26
litigation financing contract are permissible subjects of discovery in any civil action, 27
administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action for which litigation financing is 28
provided under the contract, regardless of whether a civil action or an administrative 29
proceeding has commenced. 30
Section 12. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 31
This Act does not apply to: 32 25.361.19 8 175
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(1) Any litigation financing provided by an entity engaged in commerce or business 1
activity if the entity does not: 2
(a) Charge or collect any interest, fees, or other consideration; 3
(b) Retain or receive any financial interest in the outcome of the civil action, 4
administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action; or 5
(c) Receive any right to recovery or payment from the amount of any judgment, 6
award, settlement, verdict, or other form of monetary relief obtained in the 7
civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action; or 8
(2) A regulated lender that does not receive, in consideration for loaning money to any 9
person, a right to payment from the value of any proceeds or other consideration 10
realized from any judgment award, settlement, verdict, or other form of monetary 11
relief any person may receive or recover in relation to any civil action, 12
administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action. 13
Section 13. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 14
This Act applies to any civil action filed or certified as a class action in which 15
litigation financing is provided. A litigation financer owes a fiduciary duty to all class 16
members or intended beneficiaries of a certified class and shall act in a manner consistent 17
with the litigation financer's fiduciary duty throughout the civil action. 18
In addition to the disclosure requirements set forth in section 13 of this Act, the 19
legal representative of the putative class shall disclose to all parties, putative class 20
members, and the court any legal, financial, or other relationship between the legal 21
representative and the litigation financer. A class member is entitled to receive from the 22
class counsel a true and correct copy of the litigation financing contract on request. 23
Section 14. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 24
A litigation financer is jointly and severally liable for any award or order imposing 25
or assessing costs or monetary sanctions against a consumer arising from or relating to 26
any civil action, administrative proceeding, claim, or cause of action for which the litigation 27
financer is providing litigation financing. 28
Section 15. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 29 25.361.19 9 175
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Any violation of this Act by the litigation financer renders the litigation financing 1
contract unenforceable by the litigation financer or any successor -in-interest to the 2
litigation financing contract. 3
Section 16. That a NEW SECTION be added to a NEW CHAPTER in title 54: 4
This Act applies to any civil action or administrative proceeding pending on or 5
commenced after July 1, 2025. 6