83R8429 KFF-F
By: Naishtat H.B. No. 3669
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
relating to the recusal or disqualification of a statutory probate
court judge and subsequent assignment of another judge.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Section 25.00255, Government Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 25.00255. RECUSAL OR DISQUALIFICATION OF JUDGE. (a) A
party in a case [hearing or trial] in a statutory probate court may
seek to recuse or disqualify a judge who is sitting in the case by
filing a motion [file] with the clerk of the court in which the case
is pending. The [a motion stating grounds for the recusal or
disqualification of the judge. The grounds may include any
disability of the judge to preside over the case.
[(b) A] motion:
(1) must [for the recusal or disqualification of a
judge must:
[(1) be filed at least 10 days before the date of the
hearing or trial, except as provided by Subsection (c);
[(2)] be verified;
(2) must assert one or more of the grounds listed in
Rule 18b, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure;
(3) may not be based solely on the judge's ruling in
the case; and
(4) must [(3)] state with detail and particularity
facts that [the alleged grounds for recusal or disqualification of
the judge based on]:
(A) are within the affiant's personal knowledge,
except that facts may be stated on information and belief if the
basis for the belief is specifically stated;
(B) would be [is supported by] admissible in
evidence; and
(C) if proven, would be sufficient to justify
recusal or disqualification [or
[(B) specifically stated grounds for belief of
the allegations].
(b) [(c)] A motion to recuse or disqualify shall [for
recusal or disqualification may] be filed as soon as [at the
earliest] practicable after the movant knows of the ground stated
in the motion. A motion to recuse may not be filed after the 10th
day [time before the beginning of the trial or other hearing if a
judge is assigned to a case 10 or fewer days] before the date set for
a trial or other hearing unless, before that day, the movant did not
know and reasonably should not have known that:
(1) the judge whose recusal is sought would preside at
the trial or hearing; or
(2) the ground stated in the motion existed.
(c) Any party other than the judge who is the subject of the
recusal or disqualification motion may before the motion is heard
file a response to the motion.
(d) A party filing a motion [for recusal] or response under
this section [disqualification] shall serve a copy on each [all]
other party to the case. The method used for service of the copy
must be the same as the method used for filing the motion unless
that method is not available for service [parties or their counsel:
[(1) copies of the motion; and
[(2) notice that the movant expects the motion to be
presented to the judge three days after the filing of the motion
unless the judge orders otherwise].
(e) The [A party may file with the] clerk of the court shall
immediately deliver:
(1) to the respondent judge and the presiding judge of
the statutory probate courts a copy of a motion or response filed
under this section; and
(2) to the presiding judge a copy of an order of
recusal or referral signed and filed by a respondent judge [a
statement opposing or concurring with a motion for recusal or
disqualification at any time before the motion is heard].
(f) Regardless of whether [Before further proceedings in a
case in which] a motion for [the] recusal or disqualification
complies with this section [of a judge has been filed], the
respondent judge, not later than the third business day after the
date the motion is filed, shall sign and file with the clerk either:
(1) an order of recusal or disqualification [recuse or
disqualify himself or herself]; or
(2) an order referring [request the assignment of a
judge to hear] the motion [by forwarding the motion and opposing and
concurring statements] to the presiding judge [of the statutory
probate courts as provided by Subsection (h)].
(g) A judge who recuses himself or herself:
(1) shall enter an order of recusal and:
(A) if the judge serves a statutory probate court
located in a county with only one statutory probate court, request
that the presiding judge [of the administrative judicial district]
assign a judge under Section 25.002201 to hear the case; or
(B) subject to Subsection (l), if the judge
serves a statutory probate court located in a county with more than
one statutory probate court, request that the presiding judge order
[request that] the clerk who serves the statutory probate courts in
that county to randomly reassign the case to a judge of one of the
other statutory probate courts located in the county; and
(2) may not take other action in the case except for
good cause stated in the order in which the action is taken.
(g-1) A judge who disqualifies himself or herself:
(1) shall enter an order of disqualification and:
(A) if the judge serves a statutory probate court
located in a county with only one statutory probate court, request
that the presiding judge [of the administrative judicial district]
assign a judge under Section 25.002201 to hear the case; or
(B) subject to Subsection (l), if the judge
serves a statutory probate court located in a county with more than
one statutory probate court, request that the presiding judge order
the clerk who serves the statutory probate courts in that county to
randomly reassign the case to a judge of one of the other statutory
probate courts; and
(2) may not take other action in the case.
(h) A judge who does not recuse or disqualify himself or
herself[:
[(1) shall forward to the presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts, in either original form or certified
copy, an order of referral, the motion for recusal or
disqualification, and all opposing and concurring statements; and
[(2)] may not take other action in the case during the
time after the filing of the motion for recusal or disqualification
and before a hearing on the motion, except for good cause stated in
the order in which the action is taken.
(h-1) If the respondent judge fails to comply with a duty
imposed by this section, the movant may notify the presiding judge.
(i) The [After receiving a request under Subsection (h),
the] presiding judge [of the statutory probate courts] shall rule
on a referred motion or [immediately forward the request to the
presiding judge of the administrative judicial district and request
that the presiding judge of the administrative judicial district]
assign a judge to rule on [hear] the motion not [for recusal or
disqualification. Not] later than the 15th day after the date the
presiding judge [of the administrative judicial district] receives
the request, [the presiding judge shall:
[(1) set a hearing before himself or herself or a judge
designated by the presiding judge,] except that the presiding judge
may not designate a judge of a statutory probate court in the same
county as the statutory probate court served by the judge who is the
subject of the motion. If a party files a motion to recuse or
disqualify the presiding judge, in his or her capacity as
administrative judge of the statutory probate courts or as the
judge in the case in which recusal or disqualification is
requested, the presiding judge shall sign and file with the clerk a
written order referring the motion to the chief justice of the
supreme court for consideration.
(i-1) A motion to recuse that does not comply with this
section may be denied without an oral hearing. The order must state
the nature of the noncompliance. A motion amended to correct the
stated noncompliance counts for purposes of determining whether a
tertiary recusal motion has been filed under the Civil Practice and
Remedies Code.
(i-2) A motion to disqualify may not be denied on the ground
that the filing or service was not in compliance with this section.
(i-3) The presiding judge or judge assigned to decide the
motion may issue an [;
[(2) cause notice of the hearing to be given to all
parties or their counsel to the case; and
[(3) make other orders, including orders for] interim
or ancillary order [relief,] in the pending case as justice may
require.
(i-4) Except by order of [(i-1) If] the presiding judge or
the judge assigned to decide the motion, a subpoena or discovery
request may not issue to the respondent judge and may be disregarded
unless accompanied by the order.
(i-5) A motion under this section must be heard as soon as
practicable and may be heard immediately after it is referred to the
presiding judge or an assigned judge. Notice of the hearing must be
given to all parties in the case. The hearing may be conducted by
telephone on the record. Documents submitted by facsimile or
e-mail, otherwise admissible under the rules of evidence, may be
considered [of the administrative judicial district does not assign
a judge to hear a motion for recusal or disqualification within the
time prescribed by Subsection (i), the presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts may assign a judge to hear the motion and
take other action under that subsection].
[(i-2)] A judge who hears a motion for recusal or
disqualification [under Subsection (i) or (i-1)] may also hear any
amended or supplemented motion for recusal or disqualification
filed in the case.
(i-6) [(i-3)] If a motion under this section [for recusal or
disqualification] is granted after a hearing [conducted as provided
by Subsection (i) or (i-1)], the presiding judge [who heard the
motion] shall transfer the case to another court or assign another
judge to the case and:
(1) if the judge subject to recusal or
disqualification serves a statutory probate court located in a
county with only one statutory probate court, the presiding judge
or judge assigned to decide the motion shall enter an order of
recusal or disqualification, as appropriate, and request that the
presiding judge [of the administrative judicial district] assign a
judge under Section 25.002201 to hear the case; or
(2) subject to Subsection (l), if the judge subject to
recusal or disqualification serves a statutory probate court
located in a county with more than one statutory probate court, the
presiding judge or judge assigned to decide the motion shall enter
an order of recusal or disqualification, as appropriate, and
request that the clerk who serves the statutory probate courts in
that county randomly reassign the case to a judge of one of the
other statutory probate courts located in the county.
(j) [(i-4) The presiding judge of an administrative
judicial district may delegate the judge's authority to make orders
of interim or ancillary relief under Subsection (i)(3) to the
presiding judge of the statutory probate courts.
[(i-5)] A judge assigned to hear a motion for recusal or
disqualification under Subsection (i) is entitled to receive the
same salary, compensation, and expenses, and to be paid in the same
manner and from the same fund, as a judge otherwise assigned under
Section 25.0022, except that a judge assigned under Subsection (i)
shall provide the information required by Section 25.0022(l) to the
presiding judge [of the administrative judicial district, who shall
immediately forward the information to the presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts].
[(j) After a statutory probate court has rendered the final
judgment in a case, a party may appeal an order that denies a motion
for recusal or disqualification as an abuse of the court's
discretion. A party may not appeal an order that grants a motion
for recusal or disqualification.]
(k) After notice and hearing, the judge who hears a motion
under this section may order the party or attorney who filed the
motion, or both, to pay the reasonable attorney's fees and expenses
incurred by other parties if the judge determines that the motion
was:
(1) groundless and filed in bad faith or for the
purpose of harassment; [A party may file a motion for sanctions
alleging that another party in the case filed a motion for the
recusal] or
(2) clearly brought for unnecessary [disqualification
of a judge solely to] delay [the case] and without sufficient
cause[. The presiding judge of the administrative judicial
district or the judge assigned to hear the motion for recusal may
approve a motion for sanctions authorized by Rule 215.2(b), Texas
Rules of Civil Procedure].
(k-1) The chief justice of the supreme court may assign
judges and issue any orders authorized under this section.
(k-2) An order denying a motion to recuse may be reviewed
only for abuse of discretion on appeal from the final judgment. An
order granting a motion to recuse is final and cannot be reviewed by
appeal, mandamus, or otherwise. An order granting or denying a
motion to disqualify may be reviewed by mandamus and may be appealed
in accordance with other law.
(l) If a clerk of a statutory probate court is unable to
reassign a case as requested under Subsection (g)(1)(B) or (i-6)(2)
[(i-3)(2)] because the other statutory probate court judges in the
county have been recused or disqualified or are otherwise
unavailable to hear the case, the clerk shall immediately notify
the presiding judge [of the administrative judicial district] and
request that the presiding judge [of the administrative judicial
district] assign a judge under Section 25.002201 to hear the case.
[(m) The clerk of a statutory probate court shall
immediately notify and provide to the presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts a copy of an order of recusal or
disqualification issued with respect to the judge of the statutory
probate court.]
SECTION 2. Sections 25.002201(a) and (b), Government Code,
are amended to read as follows:
(a) Not later than the 15th day after the date an order of
recusal or disqualification of a statutory probate court judge is
issued in a case, the presiding judge of the statutory probate
courts, except as provided by Subsection (b), [administrative
judicial district] shall assign a statutory probate court judge or
a former or retired judge of a statutory probate court to hear the
case if:
(1) the judge of the statutory probate court recused
himself or herself under Section 25.00255(g)(1)(A);
(2) the judge of the statutory probate court
disqualified himself or herself under Section 25.00255(g-1);
(3) the order was issued under Section
25.00255(i-6)(1) [25.00255(i-3)(1)]; or
(4) the presiding judge of the statutory probate
courts [administrative judicial district] receives notice and a
request for assignment from the clerk of the statutory probate
court under Section 25.00255(l).
(b) If the [presiding] judge who is the subject of an order
of recusal or disqualification is [of an administrative judicial
district does not assign a judge under Subsection (a) within the
time prescribed by that subsection,] the presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts, the chief justice of the supreme court
shall [may] assign a statutory probate court judge or a former or
retired judge of a statutory probate court to hear the case [instead
of the presiding judge of the administrative judicial district
making the assignment under that subsection].
SECTION 3. The changes in law made by this Act apply only to
a motion for recusal or disqualification of a judge that is filed on
or after the effective date of this Act. A motion for recusal or
disqualification of a judge filed before the effective date of this
Act is governed by the law in effect on the date the motion was
filed, and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose.
SECTION 4. This Act takes effect September 1, 2013.