By: Landgraf H.J.R. No. 148
A JOINT RESOLUTION
proposing a constitutional amendment providing for appointments to
fill vacancies for certain judicial offices and for nonpartisan
retention elections for those offices.
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Section 2, Article V, Texas Constitution, is
amended by amending Subsections (b) and (c) and adding Subsection
(d) to read as follows:
(b) No person shall be eligible to serve in the office of
Chief Justice or Justice of the Supreme Court unless the person is
licensed to practice law in this state and is, at the time of the
appointment [election], a citizen of the United States and of this
state, and has attained the age of thirty-five years, and has been a
practicing lawyer, or a lawyer and judge of a court of record
together at least ten years.
(c) The Chief Justice and [Said] Justices shall be appointed
in accordance with Section 28(b) of this article. The Chief Justice
and Justices shall be subject to retention or rejection on a
nonpartisan ballot [elected (three of them each two years)] by the
qualified voters of the state as provided by the Legislature and [at
a general election;] shall hold their offices for a term provided by
Section 28a of this article. [their offices six years; and]
(d) The Chief Justice and Justices shall each receive the
[such] compensation [as shall be] provided by law.
SECTION 2. Section 4(a), Article V, Texas Constitution, is
amended to read as follows:
(a) The Court of Criminal Appeals shall consist of eight
Judges and one Presiding Judge. The Judges shall have the same
qualifications and receive the same compensation [salaries] as the
[Associate] Justices of the Supreme Court, and the Presiding Judge
shall have the same qualifications and receive the same
compensation [salary] as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
The Presiding Judge and the Judges shall be appointed in accordance
with Section 28(b) of this article. The Presiding Judge and the
Judges shall be subject to retention or rejection on a nonpartisan
ballot [elected] by the qualified voters of the state as provided by
the Legislature [at a general election] and shall hold their
offices for a term provided by Section 28a of this article [of six
years].
SECTION 3. Sections 6(a) and (b), Article V, Texas
Constitution, are amended to read as follows:
(a) The state shall be divided into courts of appeals
districts, with each district having a Chief Justice, two or more
other Justices, and such other officials as may be provided by law.
The Chief Justice and Justices shall have the qualifications
prescribed for Justices of the Supreme Court and shall reside in the
district the Chief Justice or Justice serves during the term of
office. The Court of Appeals may sit in panels [sections] as
authorized by law. The concurrence of a majority of the justices
[judges] sitting in a panel [section] is necessary to decide a case.
The [Said] Court of Appeals shall have appellate jurisdiction
co-extensive with the limits of their respective districts, which
shall extend to all cases of which the District Courts or County
Courts have original or appellate jurisdiction, under such
restrictions and regulations as may be prescribed by law.
Provided, that the decision of the [said] courts shall be
conclusive on all questions of fact brought before them on appeal or
error. The [Said] courts shall have such other jurisdiction,
original and appellate, as may be prescribed by law.
(b) Each Court [of said Courts] of Appeals shall hold its
sessions at a place in its district to be designated by the
Legislature, and at such time as may be prescribed by law. The
Chief Justice and [Said] Justices shall be appointed in accordance
with Section 28(b) of this article. The Chief Justice and Justices
shall be subject to retention or rejection on a nonpartisan ballot
[elected] by the qualified voters of their respective districts as
provided by the Legislature, [at a general election,] shall hold
their offices for a term provided by Section 28a of this article,
[of six years] and shall receive for their services the
compensation [sum] provided by law.
SECTION 4. Section 7, Article V, Texas Constitution, is
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 7. (a) The State shall be divided into judicial
districts, with each district having one or more Judges as may be
provided by law or by this Constitution.
(b) Except as provided by Subsection (c) of this section,
each [Each] district judge shall be elected by the qualified voters
at a General Election [and shall be a citizen of the United States
and of this State, who is licensed to practice law in this State and
has been a practicing lawyer or a Judge of a Court in this State, or
both combined, for four (4) years next preceding his election, who
has resided in the district in which he was elected for two (2)
years next preceding his election,] and [who] shall [reside in his
district during his term of office and] hold [his] office for the
term [period] of four [(4)] years. A vacancy in the office shall be
filled under Section 28(a) of this article.
(c) The initial appointment of a district judge shall be
made under Section 28(b) of this article in a district that includes
a county with a population above the threshold provided by the
Legislature or a county where the voters have voted to have judicial
offices filled under Section 28(b) of this article. After
appointment, the district judge shall be subject to retention or
rejection on a nonpartisan ballot by the qualified voters of the
district as provided by the Legislature and shall hold their office
for the term provided by Section 28a of this article. A vacancy in
the office shall be filled under Section 28(a) of this article.
(d) To be eligible for appointment or election to the office
of district judge, a person shall be a citizen of the United States
and a resident of this state who is licensed to practice law in this
state, has been a practicing lawyer or a judge of a court of record,
or both combined, for seven years preceding the judge's appointment
or election, has attained the age of thirty-two, has resided in the
district the judge will be appointed or elected to serve for at
least two years preceding the date of the appointment or election,
and continues to reside in the district during the judge's term of
office.
(e) A district judge [, and who] shall receive for the
judge's [his] services [an] compensation as provided [annual salary
to be fixed] by the Legislature.
(f) A District [The] Court shall conduct its proceedings at
the county seat of the county in which the case is pending, except
as otherwise provided by law. The District Court [He] shall hold
the regular terms [of his Court] at the County Seat of each County
in the District Court's [his] district in such manner as may be
prescribed by law. The Legislature shall have power by General or
Special Laws to make such provisions concerning the terms or
sessions of each District Court as it may deem necessary.
(g) The Legislature shall also provide for the holding of
District Court when the Judge thereof is absent, or is from any
cause disabled or disqualified from presiding.
SECTION 5. Section 28, Article V, Texas Constitution, is
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 28. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), a [A]
vacancy in the office of [Chief Justice, Justice, or Judge of the
Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal Appeals, the Court of Appeals,
or] the District Court [Courts] shall be filled by an appointment by
the Governor until the next succeeding General Election for state
officers, and at that election the voters shall fill the vacancy for
the unexpired term.
(b)
A vacancy on the Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal
Appeals, a Court of Appeals, a District Court in a district that
includes a county with a population above the threshold provided by
the Legislature, or a District Court in a district where the voters
have voted to have district court vacancies filled by an
appointment made under this subsection shall be filled by an
appointment by the Governor with the advice and consent of the
Senate and shall be subject to Section 28a of this article. Once a
vacancy is filled by an appointment as provided by this subsection,
a future vacancy shall be filled as provided by this subsection.
(c) A vacancy in the office of County Judge or Justice of the
Peace shall be filled by the Commissioners Court until the next
succeeding General Election.
SECTION 6. Article V, Texas Constitution, is amended by
adding Sections 28a and 28b to read as follows:
Sec. 28a. (a) A person appointed to fill a vacancy in a
judicial office under Section 28(b) of this article may serve for an
initial term that ends on January 1 of the first odd-numbered year
occurring after the person takes office. The person may then serve
without interruption for a term of 12 years following the initial
term, subject to retention or rejection on a nonpartisan ballot by
the qualified voters as provided by the Legislature. A position
becomes vacant on December 31 of a person's 12th year in office. A
person who completes a 12-year term may be reappointed to the
office.
(b) Unless a person dies, is declared ineligible, resigns,
or withdraws from an election, the name of a person appointed to a
judicial vacancy under Section 28(b) of this article shall appear
on a nonpartisan ballot on the second and fourth general elections
held in November of even-numbered years after the conclusion of the
person's initial term in the office, at which the qualified voters
of the state or district in which the person serves shall vote in a
manner provided by the Legislature whether to retain the person in
office. If the voters do not vote to retain a person in a judicial
office, the office becomes vacant on December 31 of the year the
election is held. A person who is not retained by the voters is not
eligible for the next appointment to that office.
Sec. 28b. (a) The Legislature shall provide for the
membership, terms, and jurisdiction of one or more judicial
appointments advisory boards to advise the Senate about a person's
qualification to hold an office to which the person may be appointed
under Section 28(b) of this article.
(b) Notwithstanding Section 1, Article II, of this
constitution, the members of a judicial appointments advisory board
may be appointed by an official serving in any branch of the
government as provided by law.
(c) Before serving on the judicial appointments advisory
board, a person shall take the following oath, "I swear or affirm
that I will perform my duties on this board without prejudice and
without regard to partisan affiliation, and my conclusions about
the qualifications for a candidate for a position as a judge or
justice will be based on the person's academic credentials,
substantive legal experience, and reputation for competence,
fairness, and integrity."
SECTION 7. Section 30, Article V, Texas Constitution, is
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 30. Unless otherwise provided by this constitution,
the [The] Judges of all Courts of county-wide jurisdiction
heretofore or hereafter created by the Legislature of this State,
and all Criminal District Attorneys now or hereafter authorized by
the laws of this State, shall be elected for a term of four years,
and shall serve until their successors have qualified.
SECTION 8. The following temporary provision is added to
the Texas Constitution:
TEMPORARY PROVISION. (a) This temporary provision applies
to the constitutional amendment proposed by the 86th Legislature,
Regular Session, 2019, providing for appointment to fill vacancies
for certain judicial offices and for nonpartisan retention
elections for those offices.
(b) This constitutional amendment takes effect January 1,
2020.
(c) This temporary provision expires January 2, 2020.
SECTION 9. This proposed constitutional amendment shall be
submitted to the voters at an election to be held November 5, 2019.
The ballot shall be printed to provide for voting for or against the
proposition: "The constitutional amendment providing for
appointments to fill vacancies in the offices of the supreme court,
court of criminal appeals, courts of appeals, and certain district
courts, for nonpartisan retention elections every four years for
those offices, and for the creation of a judicial appointments
advisory board."