S.B. No. 18
AN ACT
relating to the protection of expressive activities at public
institutions of higher education.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. The legislature finds that:
(1) freedom of expression is of critical importance
and requires each public institution of higher education to ensure
free, robust, and uninhibited debate and deliberations by students
enrolled at the institution, regardless of whether the students are
on or off campus; and
(2) it is a matter of statewide concern that all public
institutions of higher education officially recognize freedom of
speech as a fundamental right.
SECTION 2. Subchapter Z, Chapter 51, Education Code, is
amended by adding Section 51.9315 to read as follows:
Sec. 51.9315. PROTECTED EXPRESSION ON CAMPUS. (a) In this
section:
(1) "Benefit" includes:
(A) recognition by or registration with an
institution of higher education;
(B) the use of an institution of higher
education's facilities for meetings or speaking purposes;
(C) the use of channels of communication
controlled by an institution of higher education; and
(D) funding sources made generally available to
student organizations at an institution of higher education.
(2) "Expressive activities" means any speech or
expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment to the United
States Constitution or by Section 8, Article I, Texas Constitution,
and includes assemblies, protests, speeches, the distribution of
written material, the carrying of signs, and the circulation of
petitions. The term does not include commercial speech.
(3) "Institution of higher education" has the meaning
assigned by Section 61.003.
(4) "Student organization" includes any organization
that is composed mostly of students enrolled at an institution of
higher education and that receives a benefit from the institution.
(b) It is the policy of this state and the purpose of this
section to protect the expressive rights of persons guaranteed by
the constitutions of the United States and of this state by:
(1) recognizing freedom of speech and assembly as
central to the mission of institutions of higher education; and
(2) ensuring that all persons may assemble peaceably
on the campuses of institutions of higher education for expressive
activities, including to listen to or observe the expressive
activities of others.
(c) An institution of higher education shall:
(1) ensure that the common outdoor areas of the
institution's campus are deemed traditional public forums; and
(2) permit any person to engage in expressive
activities in those areas of the institution's campus freely, as
long as the person's conduct:
(A) is not unlawful; and
(B) does not materially and substantially
disrupt the functioning of the institution.
(d) Notwithstanding Subsection (c), an institution of
higher education may adopt a policy that imposes reasonable
restrictions on the time, place, and manner of expressive
activities in the common outdoor areas of the institution's campus
if those restrictions:
(1) are narrowly tailored to serve a significant
institutional interest;
(2) employ clear, published, content-neutral, and
viewpoint-neutral criteria;
(3) provide for ample alternative means of expression;
and
(4) allow members of the university community to
assemble or distribute written material without a permit or other
permission from the institution.
(e) Subsections (c) and (d) do not:
(1) limit the right of student expression at other
campus locations; or
(2) prohibit faculty members from maintaining order in
the classroom.
(f) Each institution of higher education shall adopt a
policy detailing students' rights and responsibilities regarding
expressive activities at the institution. The policy must:
(1) allow:
(A) any person to, subject to reasonable
restrictions adopted under Subsection (d), engage in expressive
activities on campus, including by responding to the expressive
activities of others; and
(B) student organizations and faculty to,
subject to Subsection (h), invite speakers to speak on campus;
(2) establish disciplinary sanctions for students,
student organizations, or faculty who unduly interfere with the
expressive activities of others on campus;
(3) include a grievance procedure for addressing
complaints of a violation of this section;
(4) be approved by a majority vote of the institution's
governing board before final adoption; and
(5) be posted on the institution's Internet website.
(g) An institution of higher education may not take action
against a student organization or deny the organization any benefit
generally available to other student organizations at the
institution on the basis of a political, religious, philosophical,
ideological, or academic viewpoint expressed by the organization or
of any expressive activities of the organization.
(h) In determining whether to approve a speaker to speak on
campus or in determining the amount of a fee to be charged for use of
the institution's facilities for purposes of engaging in expressive
activities, an institution of higher education:
(1) may consider only content-neutral and
viewpoint-neutral criteria related to the needs of the event, such
as:
(A) the proposed venue and the expected size of
the audience;
(B) any anticipated need for campus security;
(C) any necessary accommodations; and
(D) any relevant history of compliance or
noncompliance by the requesting student organization or faculty
member with the institution's policy adopted under Subsection (f)
and any other relevant policies; and
(2) may not consider any anticipated controversy
related to the event.
(i) Each institution of higher education shall make the
institution's policies adopted in accordance with this section
available to students enrolled at and employees of the institution
by:
(1) including the policies in the institution's
student handbook and personnel handbook;
(2) providing a copy of each policy to students during
the institution's freshman or transfer student orientation; and
(3) posting the policies on the institution's Internet
website.
(j) Each institution of higher education shall develop
materials, programs, and procedures to ensure that the
institution's employees responsible for educating or disciplining
students understand the requirements of this section and all
policies adopted by the institution in accordance with this
section.
(k) Not later than December 1, 2020, each institution of
higher education shall prepare, post on the institution's Internet
website, and submit to the governor and the members of the
legislature a report regarding the institution's implementation of
the requirements under this section. This subsection expires
September 1, 2021.
SECTION 3. Not later than August 1, 2020, each public
institution of higher education shall adopt the policy required
under Section 51.9315(f), Education Code, as added by this Act.
SECTION 4. This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.
______________________________ ______________________________
President of the Senate Speaker of the House
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 18 passed the Senate on
March 20, 2019, by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0;
May 20, 2019, Senate refused to concur in House amendments and
requested appointment of Conference Committee; May 22, 2019, House
granted request of the Senate; May 25, 2019, Senate adopted
Conference Committee Report by the following vote: Yeas 29,
Nays 1.
______________________________
Secretary of the Senate
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 18 passed the House, with
amendments, on May 17, 2019, by the following vote: Yeas 97,
Nays 49, one present not voting; May 22, 2019, House granted
request of the Senate for appointment of Conference Committee;
May 25, 2019, House adopted Conference Committee Report by the
following vote: Yeas 106, Nays 37, one present not voting.
______________________________
Chief Clerk of the House
Approved:
______________________________
Date
______________________________
Governor