II
Calendar No. 196
118THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION S. 1871
[Report No. 118–93]
To create intergovernmental coordination between State, local, Tribal, and
territorial jurisdictions, and the Federal Government to combat United
States reliance on the People’s Republic of China and other covered
countries for critical minerals and rare earth metals, and for other
purposes.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
JUNE8, 2023
Mr. P
ETERS(for himself, Mr. ROMNEY, Mr. LANKFORD, and Ms. SINEMA) in-
troduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Com-
mittee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
S
EPTEMBER5, 2023
Reported by Mr. P
ETERS, with an amendment
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic]
A BILL
To create intergovernmental coordination between State,
local, Tribal, and territorial jurisdictions, and the Fed-
eral Government to combat United States reliance on
the People’s Republic of China and other covered coun-
tries for critical minerals and rare earth metals, and
for other purposes.
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION1.SHORTTITLE. 3
ThisActmaybecitedasthe‘‘Intergovernmental 4
CriticalMineralsTaskForceAct’’. 5
SEC.2.DEFINITIONS. 6
InthisAct: 7
(1)ALLIEDCOUNTRY.—Theterm‘‘alliedcoun-8
try’’means— 9
(A)acountrydescribedinsection4801(1) 10
oftitle10,UnitedStatesCode;and 11
(B)acountrythatthetaskforcedeter-12
minesisanallyoftheUnitedStatesforpur-13
posesofthisAct. 14
(2)APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OFCON-15
GRESS.—Theterm‘‘appropriatecommitteesofCon-16
gress’’means— 17
(A)theCommitteesonHomelandSecurity 18
andGovernmentalAffairs,EnergyandNatural 19
Resources,ArmedServices,andForeignRela-20
tionsoftheSenate;and 21
(B)theCommitteesonOversightandAc-22
countability,NaturalResources,ArmedServ-23
ices,andForeignAffairsoftheHouseofRep-24
resentatives. 25
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(3)COVEREDCOUNTRY.—Theterm‘‘covered 1
country’’means— 2
(A)acoverednation(asdefinedinsection 3
4872(d)oftitle10,UnitedStatesCode);and 4
(B)anyothercountrydeterminedbythe 5
taskforcetobeageostrategiccompetitororad-6
versaryoftheUnitedStateswithrespectto 7
criticalminerals. 8
(4)CRITICALMINERAL.—Theterm‘‘critical 9
mineral’’hasthemeaninggiventheterminsection 10
7002(a)oftheEnergyActof2020(30U.S.C. 11
1606(a)). 12
(5)DIRECTOR.—Theterm‘‘Director’’means 13
theDirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudg-14
et. 15
(6)TASKFORCE.—Theterm‘‘taskforce’’ 16
meansthetaskforceestablishedundersection4(b). 17
SEC.3.FINDINGS. 18
Congressfindsthat— 19
(1)currentsupplychainsofcriticalminerals 20
poseagreatrisktothehomelandandnationalsecu-21
rityoftheUnitedStates;and 22
(2)criticalmineralscontributetotranspor-23
tation,technology,renewableenergy,militaryequip-24
mentandmachinery,andotherrelevantentitiescru-25
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cialforthehomelandandnationalsecurityofthe 1
UnitedStates. 2
SEC.4.INTERGOVERNMENTAL CRITICALMINERALS TASK 3
FORCE. 4
(a)PURPOSE.—Thepurposeofthetaskforceisto 5
assesstherelianceoftheUnitedStatesonthePeople’s 6
RepublicofChina,andothercoveredcountries,forcritical 7
minerals,andtheresultinghomelandandnationalsecu-8
rityrisksassociatedwiththatreliance,ateachlevelof 9
theFederal,State,local,Tribal,andterritorialgovern-10
ments. 11
(b)ESTABLISHMENT.—Notlaterthan90daysafter 12
thedateofenactmentofthisAct,theDirectorshallestab-13
lishataskforcetofacilitatecooperation,coordination, 14
andmutualaccountabilityamongeachleveloftheFederal 15
GovernmentandState,local,Tribal,andterritorialgov-16
ernmentsonaholisticresponsetothedependenceoncov-17
eredcountriesforcriticalmineralsacrosstheUnited 18
States. 19
(c)COMPOSITION;MEETINGS.— 20
(1)APPOINTMENT.—TheDirectorshallappoint 21
tothetaskforcerepresentativeswithexpertisein 22
criticalmineralsupplychainsfromFederalagencies, 23
State,local,Tribal,andterritorialgovernments,and 24
academicresearchinstitutions,including— 25
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(A)notlessthan1representativefrom 1
eachof— 2
(i)theDepartmentofAgriculture; 3
(ii)theDepartmentofCommerce; 4
(iii)theDepartmentofDefense; 5
(iv)theDepartmentofEnergy; 6
(v)theDepartmentofHomelandSe-7
curity; 8
(vi)theDepartmentofHousingand 9
UrbanDevelopment; 10
(vii)theDepartmentoftheInterior; 11
(viii)theDepartmentofState; 12
(ix)theDepartmentofTranspor-13
tation; 14
(x)theEnvironmentalProtection 15
Agency; 16
(xi)theNationalScienceFoundation; 17
(xii)theUnitedStatesGeologicalSur-18
vey;and 19
(xiii)anyotherrelevantFederalenti-20
ty,asdeterminedbytheDirector;and 21
(B)inconsultationwithrelevantentities, 22
notlessthan15representativesfromadiverse 23
cross-sectionofState,local,Tribal,andterri-24
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torialgovernments,includingnotlessthan5 1
representativesfromeachof— 2
(i)Stategovernments; 3
(ii)localgovernments; 4
(iii)Tribalgovernments;and 5
(iv)territorialgovernments. 6
(2)CHAIR.—TheDirectormayserveaschairof 7
thetaskforce,ordesignatearepresentativeofthe 8
taskforcetoserveaschair. 9
(3)MEETINGS.— 10
(A)INITIALMEETING.—Notlaterthan90 11
daysafterthedateonwhichallrepresentatives 12
ofthetaskforcehavebeenappointed,thetask 13
forceshallholdthefirstmeetingofthetask 14
force. 15
(B)FREQUENCY.—Thetaskforceshall 16
meetnotlessthan1timeperquarter. 17
(d)DUTIES.— 18
(1)INGENERAL.—Thedutiesofthetaskforce 19
shallinclude— 20
(A)facilitatingcooperation,coordination, 21
andmutualaccountabilityfortheFederalGov-22
ernmentandState,local,Tribal,andterritorial 23
governmentstoenhancedatasharingand 24
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transparencyinthesupplychainsforcritical 1
minerals; 2
(B)addressingthehomelandandnational 3
securityrisksassociatedwiththecurrentcrit-4
icalmineralsupplychainsoftheUnitedStates; 5
(C)identifyingalistofcriticalminerals 6
mostimportantforsecuringthehomelandand 7
nationalsecurityoftheUnitedStates; 8
(D)usingthelistdescribedinsubpara-9
graph(C)toassess— 10
(i)theamountofcriticalminerals 11
mined,processed,refined,andrecycledby 12
thePeople’sRepublicofChina,othercov-13
eredcountries,andtheUnitedStates;and 14
(ii)criticalmineralsthatthetask 15
forcedeterminesthattheFederalGovern-16
mentandState,local,Tribal,andterri-17
torialgovernmentsstillneedtoobtain 18
fromcoveredcountriesandrecommend— 19
(I)alternativeminerals,available 20
intheUnitedStates,thatcansub-21
stituteforcriticalmineralsthatthe 22
UnitedStatescurrentlyreliesonthe 23
People’sRepublicofChinaorother 24
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coveredcountriesformining,proc-1
essing,refining,andrecycling;and 2
(II)opportunitiesfortheFederal 3
GovernmentandState,local,Tribal, 4
andterritorialgovernmentstomiti-5
gaterisktothehomelandandna-6
tionalsecurityoftheUnitedStates 7
withrespecttosupplychainsforcrit-8
icalmineralsthattheUnitedStates 9
currentlyreliesonthePeople’sRe-10
publicofChinaorothercoveredcoun-11
triesformining,processing,refining, 12
andrecycling; 13
(E)providingrecommendationsaddress-14
ing— 15
(i)researchanddevelopmentinto 16
emergingtechnologiesnecessarytoexpand 17
existingcriticalmineralsupplychainsin 18
theUnitedStatesandtoestablishnew 19
criticalmineralsupplychainsintheUnited 20
States; 21
(ii)increasingopportunitiesformin-22
ing,processing,refinement,reuse,andre-23
cyclingofcriticalminerals,includingcrit-24
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icalmineralslistedonthelistdescribedin 1
subparagraph(C),intheUnitedStates; 2
(iii)strengtheningthedomesticwork-3
forcetosupportgrowingcriticalmineral 4
supplychainsintheUnitedStates;and 5
(iv)improvingpartnershipsbetween 6
theUnitedStatesandalliedcountriesto 7
improvecriticalmineralsupplychains;and 8
(F)otherduties,asdeterminedbytheDi-9
rector. 10
(2)REPORT.—TheDirectorshall— 11
(A)notlaterthan2yearsafterthedate 12
ofenactmentofthisAct,submittotheappro-13
priatecommitteesofCongressareportthatde-14
scribesanyfindings,guidelines,andrec-15
ommendationscreatedinperformingtheduties 16
underparagraph(1);and 17
(B)notlaterthan120daysafterthedate 18
onwhichtheDirectorsubmitsthereportunder 19
subparagraph(A),publishthatreportinthe 20
FederalRegister,exceptthattheDirectorshall 21
redactinformationfromthereportthattheDi-22
rectordeterminescouldposearisktothe 23
homelandandnationalsecurityoftheUnited 24
Statesbybeingpubliclyavailable. 25
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(e)SUNSET.—Thetaskforceshallterminateonthe 1
datethatis90daysafterthedateonwhichthetaskforce 2
completestherequirementsundersubsection(d)(2). 3
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 4
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Intergovernmental Crit-5
ical Minerals Task Force Act’’. 6
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 7
In this Act: 8
(1) A
PPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS .— 9
The term ‘‘appropriate committees of Congress’’ 10
means— 11
(A) the Committees on Homeland Security 12
and Governmental Affairs, Energy and Natural 13
Resources, Armed Services, Environment and 14
Public Works, Commerce, Science, and Transpor-15
tation, and Foreign Relations of the Senate; and 16
(B) the Committees on Oversight and Ac-17
countability, Natural Resources, Armed Services, 18
and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa-19
tives. 20
(2) C
OVERED COUNTRY .—The term ‘‘covered 21
country’’ means— 22
(A) a covered nation (as defined in section 23
4872(d) of title 10, United States Code); and 24
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(B) any other country determined by the 1
task force to be a geostrategic competitor or ad-2
versary of the United States with respect to crit-3
ical minerals. 4
(3) C
RITICAL MINERAL.—The term ‘‘critical 5
mineral’’ has the meaning given the term in section 6
7002(a) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 7
1606(a)). 8
(4) D
IRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means the 9
Director of the Office of Management and Budget. 10
(5) T
ASK FORCE.—The term ‘‘task force’’ means 11
the task force established under section 4(b). 12
SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 13
Congress finds that— 14
(1) current supply chains of critical minerals 15
pose a great risk to the homeland and national secu-16
rity of the United States; 17
(2) critical minerals contribute to transpor-18
tation, technology, renewable energy, military equip-19
ment and machinery, and other relevant entities cru-20
cial for the homeland and national security of the 21
United States; 22
(3) in 2022, the United States was 100 percent 23
import reliant for 12 out of 50 critical minerals and 24
more than 50 percent import reliant for an addi-25
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tional 31 critical mineral commodities classified as 1
‘‘critical’’ by the United States Geological Survey, 2
and the People’s Republic of China was the top pro-3
ducing nation for 30 of those 50 critical minerals; 4
(4) companies based in the People’s Republic of 5
China that extract rare earth minerals around the 6
world have received hundreds of charges of human 7
rights violations; and 8
(5) on March 26, 2014, the World Trade Organi-9
zation ruled that the export restraints by the People’s 10
Republic of China on rare earth metals violated obli-11
gations under the protocol of accession to the World 12
Trade Organization, which harmed manufacturers 13
and workers in the United States. 14
SEC. 4. INTERGOVERNMENTAL CRITICAL MINERALS TASK 15
FORCE. 16
(a) P
URPOSES.—The purposes of the task force are— 17
(1) to assess the reliance of the United States on 18
the People’s Republic of China, and other covered 19
countries, for critical minerals, and the resulting 20
homeland and national security risks associated with 21
that reliance, at each level of the Federal, State, local, 22
Tribal, and territorial governments; 23
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(2) to make recommendations to onshore and im-1
prove the domestic supply chain for critical minerals; 2
and 3
(3) to reduce the reliance of the United States, 4
and partners and allies of the United States, on crit-5
ical mineral supply chains involving covered coun-6
tries. 7
(b) E
STABLISHMENT.—Not later than 90 days after 8
the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall establish 9
a task force to facilitate cooperation, coordination, and mu-10
tual accountability among each level of the Federal Govern-11
ment and State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments 12
on a holistic response to the dependence on covered countries 13
for critical minerals across the United States. 14
(c) C
OMPOSITION; MEETINGS.— 15
(1) A
PPOINTMENT.—The Director, in consulta-16
tion with key intergovernmental, private, and public 17
sector stakeholders, shall appoint to the task force rep-18
resentatives with expertise in critical mineral supply 19
chains from Federal agencies, State, local, Tribal, and 20
territorial governments, including not less than 1 rep-21
resentative from each of— 22
(A) the Bureau of Indian Affairs; 23
(B) the Bureau of Land Management; 24
(C) the Department of Agriculture; 25
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(D) the Department of Commerce; 1
(E) the Department of Defense; 2
(F) the Department of Energy; 3
(G) the Department of Homeland Security; 4
(H) the Department of Housing and Urban 5
Development; 6
(I) the Department of the Interior; 7
(J) the Department of Labor; 8
(K) the Department of State; 9
(L) the Department of Transportation; 10
(M) the Environmental Protection Agency; 11
(N) the General Services Administration; 12
(O) the National Science Foundation; 13
(P) the United States International Devel-14
opment Finance Corporation; 15
(Q) the United States Geological Survey; 16
and 17
(R) any other relevant Federal entity, as 18
determined by the Director. 19
(2) C
ONSULTATION.—The task force shall consult 20
individuals with expertise in critical mineral supply 21
chains, individuals from States whose communities, 22
businesses, and industries are involved in aspects of 23
the critical mineral supply chain, including mining 24
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and processing operations, and individuals from a di-1
verse and balanced cross-section of— 2
(A) intergovernmental consultees, includ-3
ing— 4
(i) State governments; 5
(ii) local governments; 6
(iii) Tribal governments; and 7
(iv) territorial governments; and 8
(B) other stakeholders, including— 9
(i) academic research institutions; 10
(ii) corporations; 11
(iii) nonprofit organizations; 12
(iv) private sector stakeholders; 13
(v) trade associations; 14
(vi) mining industry stakeholders; and 15
(vii) labor representatives. 16
(3) C
HAIR.—The Director may serve as chair of 17
the task force, or designate a representative of the task 18
force to serve as chair. 19
(4) M
EETINGS.— 20
(A) I
NITIAL MEETING.—Not later than 90 21
days after the date on which all representatives 22
of the task force have been appointed, the task 23
force shall hold the first meeting of the task force. 24
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(B) FREQUENCY.—The task force shall meet 1
not less than once every 90 days. 2
(d) D
UTIES.— 3
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The duties of the task force 4
shall include— 5
(A) facilitating cooperation, coordination, 6
and mutual accountability for the Federal Gov-7
ernment and State, local, Tribal, and territorial 8
governments to enhance data sharing and trans-9
parency in the supply chains for critical min-10
erals in support of the purposes described in sub-11
section (a); 12
(B) providing recommendations with re-13
spect to— 14
(i) research and development into 15
emerging technologies used to expand exist-16
ing critical mineral supply chains in the 17
United States and to establish secure and 18
reliable critical mineral supply chains to 19
the United States; 20
(ii) increasing capacities for mining, 21
processing, refinement, reuse, and recycling 22
of critical minerals in the United States to 23
facilitate the environmentally responsible 24
production of domestic resources to meet na-25
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tional critical mineral needs, in consulta-1
tion with Tribal and local communities; 2
(iii) identifying how statutes, regula-3
tions, and policies related to the critical 4
mineral supply chain could be modified to 5
accelerate environmentally responsible do-6
mestic production of critical minerals, in 7
consultation with Tribal and local commu-8
nities; 9
(iv) strengthening the domestic work-10
force to support growing critical mineral 11
supply chains with good-paying, safe jobs 12
in the United States; 13
(v) identifying alternative domestic 14
sources to critical minerals that the United 15
States currently relies on the People’s Re-16
public of China or other covered countries 17
for mining, processing, refining, and recy-18
cling, including the availability, cost, and 19
quality of those domestic alternatives; 20
(vi) identifying critical minerals and 21
critical mineral supply chains that the 22
United States can onshore, at a competitive 23
availability, cost, and quality, for those 24
minerals and supply chains that the United 25
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States relies on the People’s Republic of 1
China or other covered countries to provide; 2
and 3
(vii) opportunities for the Federal Gov-4
ernment and State, local, Tribal, and terri-5
torial governments to mitigate risks to the 6
homeland and national security of the 7
United States with respect to supply chains 8
for critical minerals that the United States 9
currently relies on the People’s Republic of 10
China or other covered countries for min-11
ing, processing, refining, and recycling; 12
(C) prioritizing the recommendations in 13
subparagraph (B), taking into consideration eco-14
nomic costs and focusing on the critical mineral 15
supply chains with vulnerabilities posing the 16
most significant risks to the homeland and na-17
tional security of the United States; 18
(D) establishing specific strategies, to be 19
carried out in coordination with the Secretary of 20
State, to strengthen international partnerships 21
in furtherance of critical minerals supply chain 22
security with international allies and partners, 23
including— 24
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(i) countries with which the United 1
States has a free trade agreement; 2
(ii) countries participating in the 3
Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Pros-4
perity; 5
(iii) countries participating in the 6
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue; 7
(iv) countries that are signatories to 8
the Abraham Accords; 9
(v) countries designated as eligible sub- 10
Saharan Africa countries under section 104 11
of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act 12
(19 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.); and 13
(vi) other countries or multilateral 14
partnerships the Task Force determines to 15
be appropriate; and 16
(E) other duties, as determined by the Di-17
rector. 18
(2) R
EPORT.—The Director shall— 19
(A) not later than 2 years after the date of 20
enactment of this Act, submit to the appropriate 21
committees of Congress a report, which shall be 22
submitted in unclassified form, but may include 23
a classified annex, that describes any findings, 24
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guidelines, and recommendations created in per-1
forming the duties under paragraph (1); 2
(B) not later than 120 days after the date 3
on which the Director submits the report under 4
subparagraph (A), publish that report in the 5
Federal Register and on the website of the Office 6
of Management and Budget, except that the Di-7
rector shall redact information from the report 8
that the Director determines could pose a risk to 9
the homeland and national security of the 10
United States by being publicly available; and 11
(C) brief the appropriate committees of 12
Congress twice per year. 13
(e) S
UNSET.—The task force shall terminate on the 14
date that is 90 days after the date on which the task force 15
completes the requirements under subsection (d)(2). 16
(f) GAO S
TUDY.— 17
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The Comptroller General of 18
the United States shall conduct a study examining 19
the Federal and State regulatory landscape related to 20
improving domestic supply chains for critical min-21
erals in the United States. 22
(2) R
EPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 23
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 24
of the United States shall submit to the appropriate 25
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committees of Congress a report that describes the re-1
sults of the study under paragraph (1). 2
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196
118
TH
CONGRESS
1
ST
S
ESSION
S. 1871
[Report No. 118–93]
A BILL
To create intergovernmental coordination between
State, local, Tribal, and territorial jurisdictions,
and the Federal Government to combat United
States reliance on the People’s Republic of China
and other covered countries for critical minerals
and rare earth metals, and for other purposes.
S
EPTEMBER
5, 2023
Reported with an amendment
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