II
Calendar No. 190
118THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION S. 473
[Report No. 118–87]
To provide for drone security.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
FEBRUARY16, 2023
Mr. S
COTTof Florida (for himself, Mr. WARNER, Mr. RUBIO, Mr.
B
LUMENTHAL, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. HAWLEY, and Mr.
R
OMNEY) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred
to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
A
UGUST22, 2023
Reported under authority of the order of the Senate of July 27, 2023, by Mr.
P
ETERS, without amendment
A BILL
To provide for drone security.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘American Security 4
Drone Act of 2023’’. 5
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SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 1
In this Act: 2
(1) C
OVERED FOREIGN ENTITY .—The term 3
‘‘covered foreign entity’’ means an entity included on 4
a list developed and maintained by the Federal Ac-5
quisition Security Council and published in the Sys-6
tem for Award Management (SAM). This list will in-7
clude entities in the following categories: 8
(A) An entity included on the Consolidated 9
Screening List. 10
(B) Any entity that is subject to 11
extrajudicial direction from a foreign govern-12
ment, as determined by the Secretary of Home-13
land Security. 14
(C) Any entity the Secretary of Homeland 15
Security, in coordination with the Attorney 16
General, Director of National Intelligence, and 17
the Secretary of Defense, determines poses a 18
national security risk. 19
(D) Any entity domiciled in the People’s 20
Republic of China or subject to influence or 21
control by the Government of the People’s Re-22
public of China or the Communist Party of the 23
People’s Republic of China, as determined by 24
the Secretary of Homeland Security. 25
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(E) Any subsidiary or affiliate of an entity 1
described in subparagraphs (A) through (D). 2
(2) C
OVERED UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM .— 3
The term ‘‘covered unmanned aircraft system’’ has 4
the meaning given the term ‘‘unmanned aircraft sys-5
tem’’ in section 44801 of title 49, United States 6
Code. 7
(3) I
NTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE COMMU -8
NITY.—The terms ‘‘intelligence’’ and ‘‘intelligence 9
community’’ have the meanings given those terms in 10
section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 11
U.S.C. 3003). 12
SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON PROCUREMENT OF COVERED UN-13
MANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FROM COV-14
ERED FOREIGN ENTITIES. 15
(a) I
NGENERAL.—Except as provided under sub-16
sections (b) through (f), the head of an executive agency 17
may not procure any covered unmanned aircraft system 18
that is manufactured or assembled by a covered foreign 19
entity, which includes associated elements related to the 20
collection and transmission of sensitive information (con-21
sisting of communication links and the components that 22
control the unmanned aircraft) that enable the operator 23
to operate the aircraft in the National Airspace System. 24
The Federal Acquisition Security Council, in coordination 25
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with the Secretary of Transportation, shall develop and 1
update a list of associated elements. 2
(b) E
XEMPTION.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-3
rity, the Secretary of Defense, the Director of National 4
Intelligence, and the Attorney General are exempt from 5
the restriction under subsection (a) if the procurement is 6
required in the national interest of the United States 7
and— 8
(1) is for the sole purposes of research, evalua-9
tion, training, testing, or analysis for electronic war-10
fare, information warfare operations, cybersecurity, 11
or development of unmanned aircraft system or 12
counter-unmanned aircraft system technology; 13
(2) is for the sole purposes of conducting 14
counterterrorism or counterintelligence activities, 15
protective missions, or Federal criminal or national 16
security investigations, including forensic examina-17
tions, or for electronic warfare, information warfare 18
operations, cybersecurity, or development of an un-19
manned aircraft system or counter-unmanned air-20
craft system technology; or 21
(3) is an unmanned aircraft system that, as 22
procured or as modified after procurement but be-23
fore operational use, can no longer transfer to, or 24
download data from, a covered foreign entity and 25
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otherwise poses no national security cybersecurity 1
risks as determined by the exempting official. 2
(c) D
EPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND FED-3
ERALAVIATIONADMINISTRATION EXEMPTION.—The 4
Secretary of Transportation is exempt from the restriction 5
under subsection (a) if the operation or procurement is 6
deemed to support the safe, secure, or efficient operation 7
of the National Airspace System or maintenance of public 8
safety, including activities carried out under the Federal 9
Aviation Administration’s Alliance for System Safety of 10
UAS through Research Excellence (ASSURE) Center of 11
Excellence (COE) and any other activity deemed to sup-12
port the safe, secure, or efficient operation of the National 13
Airspace System or maintenance of public safety, as deter-14
mined by the Secretary or the Secretary’s designee. 15
(d) N
ATIONALTRANSPORTATION SAFETYBOARD 16
E
XEMPTION.—The National Transportation Safety 17
Board, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Se-18
curity, is exempt from the restriction under subsection (a) 19
if the operation or procurement is necessary for the sole 20
purpose of conducting safety investigations. 21
(e) N
ATIONALOCEANIC ANDATMOSPHERICADMIN-22
ISTRATIONEXEMPTION.—The Administrator of the Na-23
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 24
in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, 25
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is exempt from the restriction under subsection (a) if the 1
procurement is necessary for the purpose of meeting 2
NOAA’s science or management objectives or operational 3
mission. 4
(f) W
AIVER.—The head of an executive agency may 5
waive the prohibition under subsection (a) on a case-by- 6
case basis— 7
(1) with the approval of the Director of the Of-8
fice of Management and Budget, after consultation 9
with the Federal Acquisition Security Council; and 10
(2) upon notification to— 11
(A) the Committee on Homeland Security 12
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 13
(B) the Committee on Oversight and Re-14
form in the House of Representatives; and 15
(C) other appropriate congressional com-16
mittees of jurisdiction. 17
SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON OPERATION OF COVERED UN-18
MANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FROM COV-19
ERED FOREIGN ENTITIES. 20
(a) P
ROHIBITION.— 21
(1) I
N GENERAL.—Beginning on the date that 22
is two years after the date of the enactment of this 23
Act, no Federal department or agency may operate 24
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a covered unmanned aircraft system manufactured 1
or assembled by a covered foreign entity. 2
(2) A
PPLICABILITY TO CONTRACTED SERV -3
ICES.—The prohibition under paragraph (1) applies 4
to any covered unmanned aircraft systems that are 5
being used by any executive agency through the 6
method of contracting for the services of covered un-7
manned aircraft systems. 8
(b) E
XEMPTION.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-9
rity, the Secretary of Defense, the Director of National 10
Intelligence, and the Attorney General are exempt from 11
the restriction under subsection (a) if the operation is re-12
quired in the national interest of the United States and— 13
(1) is for the sole purposes of research, evalua-14
tion, training, testing, or analysis for electronic war-15
fare, information warfare operations, cybersecurity, 16
or development of unmanned aircraft system or 17
counter-unmanned aircraft system technology; 18
(2) is for the sole purposes of conducting 19
counterterrorism or counterintelligence activities, 20
protective missions, or Federal criminal or national 21
security investigations, including forensic examina-22
tions, or for electronic warfare, information warfare 23
operations, cybersecurity, or development of an un-24
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manned aircraft system or counter-unmanned air-1
craft system technology; or 2
(3) is an unmanned aircraft system that, as 3
procured or as modified after procurement but be-4
fore operational use, can no longer transfer to, or 5
download data from, a covered foreign entity and 6
otherwise poses no national security cybersecurity 7
risks as determined by the exempting official. 8
(c) D
EPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND FED-9
ERALAVIATIONADMINISTRATION EXEMPTION.—The 10
Secretary of Transportation is exempt from the restriction 11
under subsection (a) if the operation is deemed to support 12
the safe, secure, or efficient operation of the National Air-13
space System or maintenance of public safety, including 14
activities carried out under the Federal Aviation Adminis-15
tration’s Alliance for System Safety of UAS through Re-16
search Excellence (ASSURE) Center of Excellence (COE) 17
and any other activity deemed to support the safe, secure, 18
or efficient operation of the National Airspace System or 19
maintenance of public safety, as determined by the Sec-20
retary or the Secretary’s designee. 21
(d) N
ATIONALTRANSPORTATION SAFETYBOARD 22
E
XEMPTION.—The National Transportation Safety 23
Board, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Se-24
curity, is exempt from the restriction under subsection (a) 25
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if the operation is necessary for the sole purpose of con-1
ducting safety investigations. 2
(e) N
ATIONALOCEANIC ANDATMOSPHERICADMIN-3
ISTRATIONEXEMPTION.—The Administrator of the Na-4
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 5
in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, 6
is exempt from the restriction under subsection (a) if the 7
procurement is necessary for the purpose of meeting 8
NOAA’s science or management objectives or operational 9
mission. 10
(f) W
AIVER.—The head of an executive agency may 11
waive the prohibition under subsection (a) on a case-by- 12
case basis— 13
(1) with the approval of the Director of the Of-14
fice of Management and Budget, after consultation 15
with the Federal Acquisition Security Council; and 16
(2) upon notification to— 17
(A) the Committee on Homeland Security 18
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 19
(B) the Committee on Oversight and Re-20
form in the House of Representatives; and 21
(C) other appropriate congressional com-22
mittees of jurisdiction. 23
(g) R
EGULATIONS AND GUIDANCE.—Not later than 24
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 25
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Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the 1
Attorney General and the Secretary of Transportation, 2
shall prescribe regulations or guidance to implement this 3
section. 4
SEC. 5. PROHIBITION ON USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS FOR 5
PROCUREMENT AND OPERATION OF COV-6
ERED UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FROM 7
COVERED FOREIGN ENTITIES. 8
(a) I
NGENERAL.—Beginning on the date that is two 9
years after the date of the enactment of this Act, except 10
as provided in subsection (b), no Federal funds awarded 11
through a contract, grant, or cooperative agreement, or 12
otherwise made available may be used— 13
(1) to procure a covered unmanned aircraft sys-14
tem that is manufactured or assembled by a covered 15
foreign entity; or 16
(2) in connection with the operation of such a 17
drone or unmanned aircraft system. 18
(b) E
XEMPTION.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-19
rity, the Secretary of Defense, the Director of National 20
Intelligence, and the Attorney General are exempt from 21
the restriction under subsection (a) if the procurement or 22
operation is required in the national interest of the United 23
States and— 24
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(1) is for the sole purposes of research, evalua-1
tion, training, testing, or analysis for electronic war-2
fare, information warfare operations, cybersecurity, 3
or development of unmanned aircraft system or 4
counter-unmanned aircraft system technology; 5
(2) is for the sole purposes of conducting 6
counterterrorism or counterintelligence activities, 7
protective missions, or Federal criminal or national 8
security investigations, including forensic examina-9
tions, or for electronic warfare, information warfare 10
operations, cybersecurity, or development of an un-11
manned aircraft system or counter-unmanned air-12
craft system technology; or 13
(3) is an unmanned aircraft system that, as 14
procured or as modified after procurement but be-15
fore operational use, can no longer transfer to, or 16
download data from, a covered foreign entity and 17
otherwise poses no national security cybersecurity 18
risks as determined by the exempting official. 19
(c) D
EPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND FED-20
ERALAVIATIONADMINISTRATION EXEMPTION.—The 21
Secretary of Transportation is exempt from the restriction 22
under subsection (a) if the operation or procurement is 23
deemed to support the safe, secure, or efficient operation 24
of the National Airspace System or maintenance of public 25
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safety, including activities carried out under the Federal 1
Aviation Administration’s Alliance for System Safety of 2
UAS through Research Excellence (ASSURE) Center of 3
Excellence (COE) and any other activity deemed to sup-4
port the safe, secure, or efficient operation of the National 5
Airspace System or maintenance of public safety, as deter-6
mined by the Secretary or the Secretary’s designee. 7
(d) N
ATIONALOCEANIC ANDATMOSPHERICADMIN-8
ISTRATIONEXEMPTION.—The Administrator of the Na-9
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 10
in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, 11
is exempt from the restriction under subsection (a) if the 12
operation or procurement is necessary for the purpose of 13
meeting NOAA’s science or management objectives or 14
operational mission. 15
(e) W
AIVER.—The head of an executive agency may 16
waive the prohibition under subsection (a) on a case-by- 17
case basis— 18
(1) with the approval of the Director of the Of-19
fice of Management and Budget, after consultation 20
with the Federal Acquisition Security Council; and 21
(2) upon notification to— 22
(A) the Committee on Homeland Security 23
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 24
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(B) the Committee on Oversight and Re-1
form in the House of Representatives; and 2
(C) other appropriate congressional com-3
mittees of jurisdiction. 4
(f) R
EGULATIONS.—Not later than 180 days after 5
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Acquisi-6
tion Regulatory Council shall prescribe regulations or 7
guidance, as necessary, to implement the requirements of 8
this section pertaining to Federal contracts. 9
SEC. 6. PROHIBITION ON USE OF GOVERNMENT-ISSUED 10
PURCHASE CARDS TO PURCHASE COVERED 11
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FROM COV-12
ERED FOREIGN ENTITIES. 13
Effective immediately, Government-issued Purchase 14
Cards may not be used to procure any covered unmanned 15
aircraft system from a covered foreign entity. 16
SEC. 7. MANAGEMENT OF EXISTING INVENTORIES OF COV-17
ERED UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FROM 18
COVERED FOREIGN ENTITIES. 19
(a) I
NGENERAL.—All executive agencies must ac-20
count for existing inventories of covered unmanned air-21
craft systems manufactured or assembled by a covered for-22
eign entity in their personal property accounting systems, 23
within one year of the date of enactment of this Act, re-24
gardless of the original procurement cost, or the purpose 25
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of procurement due to the special monitoring and account-1
ing measures necessary to track the items’ capabilities. 2
(b) C
LASSIFIEDTRACKING.—Due to the sensitive na-3
ture of missions and operations conducted by the United 4
States Government, inventory data related to covered un-5
manned aircraft systems manufactured or assembled by 6
a covered foreign entity may be tracked at a classified 7
level, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Secu-8
rity or the Secretary’s designee. 9
(c) E
XCEPTIONS.—The Department of Defense, the 10
Department of Homeland Security, the Department of 11
Justice, the Department of Transportation, and the Na-12
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration may ex-13
clude from the full inventory process, covered unmanned 14
aircraft systems that are deemed expendable due to mis-15
sion risk such as recovery issues, or that are one-time- 16
use covered unmanned aircraft due to requirements and 17
low cost. 18
SEC. 8. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT. 19
Not later than 275 days after the date of the enact-20
ment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 21
States shall submit to Congress a report on the amount 22
of commercial off-the-shelf drones and covered unmanned 23
aircraft systems procured by Federal departments and 24
agencies from covered foreign entities. 25
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SEC. 9. GOVERNMENT-WIDE POLICY FOR PROCUREMENT 1
OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS. 2
(a) I
NGENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 3
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Of-4
fice of Management and Budget, in coordination with the 5
Department of Homeland Security, Department of Trans-6
portation, the Department of Justice, and other Depart-7
ments as determined by the Director of the Office of Man-8
agement and Budget, and in consultation with the Na-9
tional Institute of Standards and Technology, shall estab-10
lish a government-wide policy for the procurement of an 11
unmanned aircraft system— 12
(1) for non-Department of Defense and non-in-13
telligence community operations; and 14
(2) through grants and cooperative agreements 15
entered into with non-Federal entities. 16
(b) I
NFORMATIONSECURITY.—The policy developed 17
under subsection (a) shall include the following specifica-18
tions, which to the extent practicable, shall be based on 19
industry standards and technical guidance from the Na-20
tional Institute of Standards and Technology, to address 21
the risks associated with processing, storing, and trans-22
mitting Federal information in an unmanned aircraft sys-23
tem: 24
(1) Protections to ensure controlled access to 25
an unmanned aircraft system. 26
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(2) Protecting software, firmware, and hard-1
ware by ensuring changes to an unmanned aircraft 2
system are properly managed, including by ensuring 3
an unmanned aircraft system can be updated using 4
a secure, controlled, and configurable mechanism. 5
(3) Cryptographically securing sensitive col-6
lected, stored, and transmitted data, including prop-7
er handling of privacy data and other controlled un-8
classified information. 9
(4) Appropriate safeguards necessary to protect 10
sensitive information, including during and after use 11
of an unmanned aircraft system. 12
(5) Appropriate data security to ensure that 13
data is not transmitted to or stored in non-approved 14
locations. 15
(6) The ability to opt out of the uploading, 16
downloading, or transmitting of data that is not re-17
quired by law or regulation and an ability to choose 18
with whom and where information is shared when it 19
is required. 20
(c) R
EQUIREMENT.—The policy developed under sub-21
section (a) shall reflect an appropriate risk-based ap-22
proach to information security related to use of an un-23
manned aircraft system. 24
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(d) REVISION OFACQUISITIONREGULATIONS.—Not 1
later than 180 days after the date on which the policy 2
required under subsection (a) is issued— 3
(1) the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council 4
shall revise the Federal Acquisition Regulation, as 5
necessary, to implement the policy; and 6
(2) any Federal department or agency or other 7
Federal entity not subject to, or not subject solely 8
to, the Federal Acquisition Regulation shall revise 9
applicable policy, guidance, or regulations, as nec-10
essary, to implement the policy. 11
(e) E
XEMPTION.—In developing the policy required 12
under subsection (a), the Director of the Office of Man-13
agement and Budget shall— 14
(1) incorporate policies to implement the ex-15
emptions contained in this Act; and 16
(2) incorporate an exemption to the policy in 17
the case of a head of the procuring department or 18
agency determining, in writing, that no product that 19
complies with the information security requirements 20
described in subsection (b) is capable of fulfilling 21
mission critical performance requirements, and such 22
determination— 23
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(A) may not be delegated below the level of 1
the Deputy Secretary, or Administrator, of the 2
procuring department or agency; 3
(B) shall specify— 4
(i) the quantity of end items to which 5
the waiver applies and the procurement 6
value of those items; and 7
(ii) the time period over which the 8
waiver applies, which shall not exceed three 9
years; 10
(C) shall be reported to the Office of Man-11
agement and Budget following issuance of such 12
a determination; and 13
(D) not later than 30 days after the date 14
on which the determination is made, shall be 15
provided to the Committee on Homeland Secu-16
rity and Governmental Affairs of the Senate 17
and the Committee on Oversight and Reform of 18
the House of Representatives. 19
SEC. 10. STATE, LOCAL, AND TERRITORIAL LAW ENFORCE-20
MENT AND EMERGENCY SERVICE EXEMP-21
TION. 22
(a) R
ULE OFCONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act 23
shall prevent a State, local, or territorial law enforcement 24
or emergency service agency from procuring or operating 25
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a covered unmanned aircraft system purchased with non- 1
Federal dollars. 2
(b) C
ONTINUITY OFARRANGEMENTS.—The Federal 3
Government may continue entering into contracts, grants, 4
and cooperative agreements or other Federal funding in-5
struments with State, local, or territorial law enforcement 6
or emergency service agencies under which a covered un-7
manned aircraft system will be purchased or operated if 8
the agency has received approval or waiver to purchase 9
or operate a covered unmanned aircraft system pursuant 10
to section 5. 11
SEC. 11. STUDY. 12
(a) S
TUDY ON THESUPPLYCHAIN FORUNMANNED 13
A
IRCRAFTSYSTEMS ANDCOMPONENTS.— 14
(1) R
EPORT REQUIRED .—Not later than one 15
year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 16
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 17
Sustainment shall provide to the appropriate con-18
gressional committees a report on the supply chain 19
for covered unmanned aircraft systems, including a 20
discussion of current and projected future demand 21
for covered unmanned aircraft systems. 22
(2) E
LEMENTS.—The report under paragraph 23
(1) shall include the following: 24
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(A) A description of the current and future 1
global and domestic market for covered un-2
manned aircraft systems that are not widely 3
commercially available except from a covered 4
foreign entity. 5
(B) A description of the sustainability, 6
availability, cost, and quality of secure sources 7
of covered unmanned aircraft systems domesti-8
cally and from sources in allied and partner 9
countries. 10
(C) The plan of the Secretary of Defense 11
to address any gaps or deficiencies identified in 12
subparagraph (B), including through the use of 13
funds available under the Defense Production 14
Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) and part-15
nerships with the National Aeronautics and 16
Space Administration and other interested per-17
sons. 18
(D) Such other information as the Under 19
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 20
Sustainment determines to be appropriate. 21
(3) A
PPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT -22
TEES DEFINED.—In this section the term ‘‘appro-23
priate congressional committees’’ means: 24
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(A) The Committees on Armed Services of 1
the Senate and the House of Representatives. 2
(B) The Committee on Homeland Security 3
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 4
Committee on Oversight and Reform of the 5
House of Representatives. 6
(C) The Committee on Commerce, Science, 7
and Transportation of the Senate and the Com-8
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of 9
the House of Representatives. 10
(D) The Select Committee on Intelligence 11
of the Senate and the Permanent Select Com-12
mittee on Intelligence of the House of Rep-13
resentatives. 14
(E) The Committee on Transportation and 15
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives. 16
(F) The Committee on Homeland Security 17
of the House of Representatives. 18
SEC. 12. EXCEPTIONS. 19
(a) E
XCEPTION FORWILDFIREMANAGEMENTOPER-20
ATIONS ANDSEARCH ANDRESCUEOPERATIONS.—The 21
appropriate Federal agencies, in consultation with the Sec-22
retary of Homeland Security, are exempt from the pro-23
curement and operation restrictions under sections 3, 4, 24
and 5 to the extent the procurement or operation is nec-25
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•S 473 RS
essary for the purpose of supporting the full range of wild-1
fire management operations or search and rescue oper-2
ations. 3
(b) E
XCEPTION FOR INTELLIGENCEACTIVITIES.— 4
The elements of the intelligence community, in consulta-5
tion with the Director of National Intelligence, are exempt 6
from the procurement and operation restrictions under 7
sections 3, 4, and 5 to the extent the procurement or oper-8
ation is necessary for the purpose of supporting intel-9
ligence activities. 10
(c) E
XCEPTION FORTRIBALLAWENFORCEMENT OR 11
E
MERGENCYSERVICEAGENCY.—Tribal law enforcement 12
or Tribal emergency service agencies, in consultation with 13
the Secretary of Homeland Security, are exempt from the 14
procurement, operation, and purchase restrictions under 15
sections 3, 4, and 5 to the extent the procurement or oper-16
ation is necessary for the purpose of supporting the full 17
range of law enforcement operations or search and rescue 18
operations on Indian lands. 19
SEC. 13. SUNSET. 20
Sections 3, 4, and 5 shall cease to have effect on the 21
date that is five years after the date of the enactment of 22
this Act. 23
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kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS Calendar No.
190
118
TH
CONGRESS
1
ST
S
ESSION
S. 473
[Report No. 118–87]
A BILL
To provide for drone security.
A
UGUST
22, 2023
Reported under authority of the order of the Senate of
July 27, 2023, without amendment
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