I
119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION H. R. 2161
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain types of human-
animal chimeras.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MARCH14, 2025
Mr. S
MITHof New Jersey (for himself, Mr. HARRISof Maryland, Mrs. MIL-
LERof Illinois, and Mr. ADERHOLT) introduced the following bill; which
was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain
types of human-animal chimeras.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Human-Animal Chi-4
mera Prohibition Act of 2025’’. 5
SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN HUMAN-ANIMAL CHI-6
MERAS. 7
Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended 8
by inserting after chapter 51 the following: 9
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‘‘CHAPTER 52—CERTAIN TYPES OF 1
HUMAN-ANIMAL CHIMERAS PROHIBITED 2
‘‘Sec.
‘‘1131. Definitions.
‘‘1132. Prohibition on certain human-animal chimeras.
‘‘§ 1131. Definitions 3
‘‘In this chapter the following definitions apply: 4
‘‘(1) P
ROHIBITED HUMAN -ANIMAL CHIMERA.— 5
The term ‘prohibited human-animal chimera’ 6
means— 7
‘‘(A) a human embryo into which a 8
nonhuman cell or cells (or the component parts 9
thereof) have been introduced to render the em-10
bryo’s membership in the species Homo sapiens 11
uncertain; 12
‘‘(B) a human-animal embryo produced by 13
fertilizing a human egg with nonhuman sperm; 14
‘‘(C) a human-animal embryo produced by 15
fertilizing a nonhuman egg with human sperm; 16
‘‘(D) an embryo produced by introducing a 17
nonhuman nucleus into a human egg; 18
‘‘(E) an embryo produced by introducing a 19
human nucleus into a nonhuman egg; 20
‘‘(F) an embryo containing at least haploid 21
sets of chromosomes from both a human and a 22
nonhuman life form; 23
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‘‘(G) a nonhuman life form engineered 1
such that human gametes develop within the 2
body of a nonhuman life form; 3
‘‘(H) a nonhuman life form engineered 4
such that it contains a human brain or a brain 5
derived wholly or predominantly from human 6
neural tissues; 7
‘‘(I) a nonhuman life form engineered such 8
that it exhibits human facial features or other 9
bodily morphologies to resemble human fea-10
tures; or 11
‘‘(J) an embryo produced by mixing 12
human and nonhuman cells, such that— 13
‘‘(i) human gametes develop within 14
the body of the resultant organism; 15
‘‘(ii) it contains a human brain or a 16
brain derived wholly or predominantly from 17
human neural tissues; or 18
‘‘(iii) it exhibits human facial features 19
or other bodily morphologies to resemble 20
human features. 21
‘‘(2) H
UMAN EMBRYO.—The term ‘human em-22
bryo’ means an organism of the species Homo sapi-23
ens during the earliest stages of development, from 24
1 cell up to 8 weeks. 25
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‘‘§ 1132. Prohibition on certain human-animal chi-1
meras 2
‘‘(a) I
NGENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any per-3
son to knowingly, in or otherwise affecting interstate com-4
merce— 5
‘‘(1) create or attempt to create a prohibited 6
human-animal chimera; 7
‘‘(2) transfer or attempt to transfer a human 8
embryo into a nonhuman womb; 9
‘‘(3) transfer or attempt to transfer a non-10
human embryo into a human womb; or 11
‘‘(4) transport or receive for any purpose a pro-12
hibited human-animal chimera. 13
‘‘(b) P
ENALTIES.— 14
‘‘(1) I
N GENERAL.—Whoever violates subsection 15
(a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not 16
more than 10 years, or both. 17
‘‘(2) C
IVIL PENALTY.—Whoever violates sub-18
section (a) and derives pecuniary gain from such vio-19
lation shall be subject to a civil fine of the greater 20
of $1,000,000 and an amount equal to the amount 21
of the gross gain multiplied by 2. 22
‘‘(c) R
ULE OFCONSTRUCTION.—This section does 23
not prohibit research involving the use of transgenic ani-24
mal models containing human genes or transplantation of 25
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human organs, tissues, or cells into recipient animals, if 1
such activities are not prohibited under subsection (a).’’. 2
SEC. 3. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT. 3
The table of chapters for part I of title 18, United 4
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relat-5
ing to chapter 51 the following: 6
‘‘52. Certain types of human-animal chimeras prohibited.’’.
Æ
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