I
119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION H. R. 222
To establish a national commission on fiscal responsibility and reform, and
for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
JANUARY7, 2025
Mr. C
ASE(for himself, Mr. WOMACK, Mr. PETERS, and Mr. NUNNof Iowa)
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the
Budget, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be
subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration
of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee con-
cerned
A BILL
To establish a national commission on fiscal responsibility
and reform, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Sustainable Budget 4
Act of 2025’’. 5
SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION. 6
(a) E
STABLISHMENT.—Not later than 30 days after 7
the date of the enactment of this Act, there shall be estab-8
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lished within the legislative branch a commission to be 1
known as the National Commission on Fiscal Responsi-2
bility and Reform (referred to in this Act as the ‘‘Commis-3
sion’’). 4
(b) M
EMBERSHIP.— 5
(1) C
OMPOSITION OF COMMISSION .—A Commis-6
sion shall be composed of 18 members of whom— 7
(A) six members shall be appointed by the 8
President, of whom not more than 4 shall be 9
from the same political party; 10
(B) three members shall be appointed by 11
the majority leader of the Senate, from among 12
current Members of the Senate; 13
(C) three members shall be appointed by 14
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 15
from among current Members of the House of 16
Representatives; 17
(D) three members shall be appointed by 18
the minority leader of the Senate, from among 19
current Members of the Senate; and 20
(E) three members shall be appointed by 21
the minority leader of the House of Representa-22
tives, from among current Members of the 23
House of Representatives. 24
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(2) INITIAL APPOINTMENTS .—Initial appoint-1
ments to the Commission shall be made not later 2
than 60 days after the establishment of the Commis-3
sion. 4
(3) V
ACANCY.—A vacancy on the Commission 5
shall be filled in the same manner as the initial ap-6
pointment. 7
(c) C
O-CHAIRPERSONS.—From among the members 8
appointed under paragraph (1), the President shall des-9
ignate 2 members, who shall not be of the same political 10
party, to serve as Co-Chairpersons of the Commission. 11
(d) Q
UALIFICATIONS.—Members appointed to the 12
Commission shall have significant depth of experience and 13
responsibilities in matters relating to government service, 14
fiscal policy, economics, Federal agency management or 15
private sector management, public administration, and 16
law. 17
(e) D
UTIES.— 18
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The Commission shall iden-19
tify policies to improve the fiscal situation in the me-20
dium term and to achieve fiscal sustainability over 21
the long term. 22
(2) R
EQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out para-23
graph (1), the Commission shall— 24
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(A) propose recommendations designed to 1
balance the budget, excluding interest payments 2
on the debt, by the end of the 10-year period 3
beginning on the date on which the Commission 4
is established, in order to stabilize the debt-to- 5
GDP ratio at an acceptable level; and 6
(B) propose recommendations that mean-7
ingfully improve the long-term fiscal outlook, 8
including changes to address the growth of enti-9
tlement spending and the gap between the pro-10
jected revenues and expenditures of the Federal 11
Government. 12
(f) R
EPORTS.— 13
(1) I
N GENERAL.— 14
(A) F
INAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 15
year after the date on which members are ap-16
pointed to the Commission under subsection 17
(b), the Commission shall vote on the approval 18
of a final report containing the recommenda-19
tions required under subsection (e). 20
(B) I
NTERIM REPORTS.—At any time after 21
the date on which members are appointed and 22
prior to voting on the approval of a final report 23
under subparagraph (A), the Commission may 24
vote on the approval of an interim report con-25
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taining such recommendations described in sub-1
section (e) as the Commission may provide. 2
(2) A
PPROVAL OF REPORT .—The Commission 3
may only issue a report under this subsection if— 4
(A) the report is approved by not less than 5
12 members of the Commission; and 6
(B) of the members approving the report, 7
at least 4 are members of the same political 8
party to which the Speaker of the House of 9
Representatives belongs and at least 4 are 10
members of the same political party to which 11
the minority leader of the House of Representa-12
tives belongs. 13
(3) S
UBMISSION OF REPORT TO CONGRESS .— 14
Each report approved under this subsection shall be 15
submitted to Congress and made available to the 16
public. 17
(g) P
OWERS OF THECOMMISSION.— 18
(1) H
EARINGS.—The Commission may hold 19
such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, 20
take such testimony, and receive such evidence as 21
the Commission considers advisable to carry out the 22
duties of the Commission described in subsection (e). 23
(2) I
NFORMATION FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES .— 24
The Commission may secure directly from any Fed-25
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eral agency such information as the Commission 1
considers necessary to carry out the duties of the 2
Commission described in subsection (e). Upon re-3
quest from the Co-Chairpersons of the Commission, 4
the head of the Federal agency shall provide the in-5
formation requested to the Commission. 6
(3) P
OSTAL SERVICES.—The Commission may 7
use the United States mail in the same manner and 8
under the same conditions as other departments and 9
agencies of the Federal Government. 10
(4) W
EBSITE.— 11
(A) C
ONTENTS.—The Commission shall es-12
tablish a website that shall contain— 13
(i) the recommendations required 14
under subsection (e); and 15
(ii) the records of attendance of the 16
members of the Commission for each meet-17
ing of the Commission. 18
(B) D
ATE OF PUBLICATION .—The Com-19
mission shall publish a recommendation or 20
record of attendance described under subpara-21
graph (A) on the website established under 22
such subparagraph not later than 72 hours 23
after the conclusion of the meeting at which 24
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such recommendation is made or at which such 1
record of attendance is taken. 2
(h) A
SSISTANCE OFOTHERLEGISLATIVEBRANCH 3
E
NTITIES.— 4
(1) G
OVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE .— 5
The Comptroller General shall provide technical as-6
sistance to the Commission, as the Commission con-7
ducts the work of the Commission, on the findings 8
and recommendations of the Government Account-9
ability Office. 10
(2) C
ONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE .—The 11
Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall 12
provide technical assistance to the Commission, as 13
the Commission conducts the work of the Commis-14
sion, on the findings and recommendations of the 15
Congressional Budget Office. 16
(3) J
OINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION .—The 17
chair of the Joint Committee on Taxation shall pro-18
vide technical assistance to the Commission, as the 19
Commission conducts the work of the Commission, 20
on the findings and recommendations of the Joint 21
Committee on Taxation. 22
(i) P
ERSONNELMATTERS.— 23
(1) I
N GENERAL.—Members of the Commission 24
shall serve without any additional compensation. 25
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(2) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—Members of the Com-1
mission shall be allowed travel expenses, including 2
per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized 3
for employees of agencies under subchapter I of 4
chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while 5
away from their homes or regular places of business 6
in the performance of services for the Commission. 7
(3) S
TAFF.— 8
(A) I
N GENERAL.—The Co-Chairpersons of 9
the Commission, may without regard to the civil 10
service laws and regulations, appoint and termi-11
nate an executive director and such other addi-12
tional personnel as may be necessary to enable 13
the Commission to perform its duties. The em-14
ployment of an executive director shall be sub-15
ject to confirmation by the Commission. 16
(B) C
OMPENSATION.—The Co-Chairper-17
sons of the Commission may fix the compensa-18
tion of the executive director and other per-19
sonnel without regard to the provisions of chap-20
ter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 21
5, United States Code, relating to the classifica-22
tion of positions and General Schedule pay 23
rates, except that the rate of pay for the execu-24
tive director and other personnel may not ex-25
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ceed the rate payable for level V of the Execu-1
tive Schedule under section 5613 of such title. 2
(4) D
ETAIL OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES .— 3
Any Federal Government employee may be detailed 4
to the Commission without reimbursement, and such 5
detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil 6
service status or privilege. 7
(5) P
ROCUREMENT OF TEMPORARY AND INTER -8
MITTENT SERVICES.—The Co-Chairpersons of each 9
Commission may procure temporary and intermit-10
tent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United 11
States Code, at rates for individuals which do not 12
exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of 13
basic pay prescribed for level V of the Executive 14
Schedule under section 5316 of such title. 15
(j) T
ERMINATION OF THE COMMISSION.—The Com-16
mission established shall terminate 30 days after the date 17
on which the Commission submits the final report of the 18
Commission under subsection (f). 19
(k) R
ULES OFCONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act 20
shall be construed to— 21
(1) impair or otherwise affect— 22
(A) authority granted by law to an execu-23
tive department, agency, or the head thereof; or 24
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(B) functions of the Director of the Office 1
of Management and Budget relating to budg-2
etary, administrative, or legislative proposals; or 3
(2) create any right or benefit, substantive or 4
procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any 5
party against the United States, its departments, 6
agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or 7
agents, or any other person. 8
(l) A
UTHORIZATION OFAPPROPRIATIONS.— 9
(1) I
N GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 10
appropriated to the Commission such sums as may 11
be necessary to carry out this Act. 12
(2) A
VAILABILITY.—Any sums appropriated 13
under paragraph (1) shall remain available, without 14
fiscal year limitation, until expended. 15
(m) F
EDERALAGENCYDEFINED.—The term ‘‘Fed-16
eral agency’’ means an establishment in the executive, leg-17
islative, or judicial branch of the Federal Government. 18
SEC. 3. CONSIDERATION OF COMMISSION RECOMMENDA-19
TIONS. 20
(a) S
UBMISSION OF PROPOSEDJOINTRESOLU-21
TION.—Not later than 60 days after the date on which 22
the Commission submits a report to Congress under sec-23
tion 2(f)(3), the President shall transmit to Congress a 24
special message on the report, accompanied by a proposed 25
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joint resolution consisting of legislative language to imple-1
ment the recommendations contained in such report. 2
(b) R
EQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION OF PRO-3
POSEDJOINTRESOLUTION.— 4
(1) C
ONSULTATION WITH CONGRESS .— 5
(A) I
N GENERAL.—The President may not 6
transmit a proposed joint resolution under sub-7
section (a) until after the President completes 8
consultation with Congress in accordance with 9
this paragraph. 10
(B) C
ONSULTATION WITH COMMITTEES .— 11
The President shall consult with the chairman 12
and ranking minority member of each relevant 13
committee of the Senate or of the House of 14
Representatives regarding the contents of a 15
proposed joint resolution. 16
(C) R
EQUIREMENTS FOR CONSULTA -17
TION.—The consultation required under sub-18
paragraph (B) shall provide the opportunity for 19
the chairman and ranking member of each rel-20
evant committee of the Senate or of the House 21
of Representatives to provide— 22
(i) recommendations for alternative 23
means of addressing the recommendations 24
contained in the Commission report; and 25
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(ii) recommendations regarding which 1
recommendations contained in the Com-2
mission report should not be addressed in 3
the proposed joint resolution. 4
(D) R
ELEVANT COMMITTEES .—The rel-5
evant committees of the Senate and the House 6
of Representatives for purposes of this para-7
graph shall be— 8
(i) determined by the President; and 9
(ii) based on the content of the pro-10
posed joint resolution. 11
(2) C
ONSULTATION WITH GAO AND CBO .—The 12
President shall prepare a proposed joint resolution 13
transmitted under subsection (a) in consultation 14
with the Comptroller General of the United States 15
and the Director of the Congressional Budget Office. 16
(c) C
ONTENTS OF SPECIALMESSAGE.—A special 17
message transmitted under subsection (a) shall— 18
(1) specify recommendations outlined in the 19
Commission report that are excluded from the pro-20
posed joint resolution; 21
(2) detail why the recommendations described 22
in paragraph (1) were excluded from the proposed 23
joint resolution; 24
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(3) specify recommendations outlined in the 1
Commission report that are included in the proposed 2
joint resolution; and 3
(4) identify programs included in the Commis-4
sion report that should be eliminated or consoli-5
dated. 6
(d) T
RANSMITTAL.—The President shall submit the 7
special message to the Secretary of the Senate if the Sen-8
ate is not in session and to the Clerk of the House of 9
Representatives if the House is not in session. 10
(e) P
UBLICAVAILABILITY.—The President shall 11
make a copy of the special message and the proposed joint 12
resolution publicly available, including publicly available 13
on a website of the President, and shall publish in the 14
Federal Register a notice of the message and information 15
on how it can be obtained. 16
SEC. 4. EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED JOINT 17
RESOLUTION. 18
(a) Q
UALIFYINGLEGISLATION.— 19
(1) I
N GENERAL.—Only a Commission joint 20
resolution shall be entitled to expedited consideration 21
under this section. 22
(2) D
EFINITION.—In this section, the term 23
‘‘Commission joint resolution’’ means a joint resolu-24
tion which consists solely of the text of the proposed 25
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joint resolution submitted by the President under 1
section 3(a). 2
(b) C
ONSIDERATION IN THE HOUSE OFREPRESENT-3
ATIVES.— 4
(1) I
NTRODUCTION.—A Commission joint reso-5
lution may be introduced in the House of Represent-6
atives (by request)— 7
(A) by the majority leader of the House of 8
Representatives, or by a Member of the House 9
of Representatives designated by the majority 10
leader of the House of Representatives, on the 11
next legislative day after the date on which the 12
President submits the proposed joint resolution 13
under section 3(a); or 14
(B) if the Commission joint resolution is 15
not introduced under subparagraph (A), by any 16
Member of the House of Representatives on any 17
legislative day beginning on the legislative day 18
after the legislative day described in subpara-19
graph (A). 20
(2) R
EFERRAL AND REPORTING .—Any com-21
mittee of the House of Representatives to which a 22
Commission joint resolution is referred shall report 23
the Commission joint resolution to the House of 24
Representatives without amendment not later than 25
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10 legislative days after the date on which the Com-1
mission joint resolution was so referred. If a com-2
mittee of the House of Representatives fails to re-3
port a Commission joint resolution within that pe-4
riod, it shall be in order to move that the House of 5
Representatives discharge the committee from fur-6
ther consideration of the Commission joint resolu-7
tion. Such a motion shall not be in order after the 8
last committee authorized to consider the Commis-9
sion joint resolution reports it to the House of Rep-10
resentatives or after the House of Representatives 11
has disposed of a motion to discharge the Commis-12
sion joint resolution. The previous question shall be 13
considered as ordered on the motion to its adoption 14
without intervening motion except 20 minutes of de-15
bate equally divided and controlled by the proponent 16
and an opponent. If such a motion is adopted, the 17
House of Representatives shall proceed immediately 18
to consider the Commission joint resolution in ac-19
cordance with paragraphs (3) and (4). A motion to 20
reconsider the vote by which the motion is disposed 21
of shall not be in order. 22
(3) P
ROCEEDING TO CONSIDERATION .—After 23
the last committee authorized to consider a Commis-24
sion joint resolution reports it to the House of Rep-25
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resentatives or has been discharged (other than by 1
motion) from its consideration, it shall be in order 2
to move to proceed to consider the Commission joint 3
resolution in the House of Representatives. Such a 4
motion shall not be in order after the House of Rep-5
resentatives has disposed of a motion to proceed 6
with respect to the Commission joint resolution. The 7
previous question shall be considered as ordered on 8
the motion to its adoption without intervening mo-9
tion. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the 10
motion is disposed of shall not be in order. 11
(4) C
ONSIDERATION.—The Commission joint 12
resolution shall be considered as read. All points of 13
order against the Commission joint resolution and 14
against its consideration are waived. The previous 15
question shall be considered as ordered on the Com-16
mission joint resolution to its passage without inter-17
vening motion except 2 hours of debate equally di-18
vided and controlled by the proponent and an oppo-19
nent and 1 motion to limit debate on the Commis-20
sion joint resolution. A motion to reconsider the vote 21
on passage of the Commission joint resolution shall 22
not be in order. 23
(5) V
OTE ON PASSAGE.—The vote on passage 24
of the Commission joint resolution shall occur not 25
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later than 3 legislative days after the date on which 1
the last committee authorized to consider the Com-2
mission joint resolution reports it to the House of 3
Representatives or is discharged. 4
(c) E
XPEDITEDPROCEDURE IN THESENATE.— 5
(1) I
NTRODUCTION IN THE SENATE .—A Com-6
mission joint resolution may be introduced in the 7
Senate (by request)— 8
(A) by the majority leader of the Senate, 9
or by a Member of the Senate designated by the 10
majority leader of the Senate, on the next legis-11
lative day after the date on which the President 12
submits the proposed joint resolution under sec-13
tion 3(a); or 14
(B) if the Commission joint resolution is 15
not introduced under subparagraph (A), by any 16
Member of the Senate on any day on which the 17
Senate is in session beginning on the day after 18
the day described in subparagraph (A). 19
(2) C
OMMITTEE CONSIDERATION .—A Commis-20
sion joint resolution introduced in the Senate under 21
paragraph (1) shall be jointly referred to the com-22
mittee or committees of jurisdiction, which commit-23
tees shall report the Commission joint resolution 24
without any revision and with a favorable rec-25
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ommendation, an unfavorable recommendation, or 1
without recommendation, not later than 10 session 2
days after the date on which the Commission joint 3
resolution was so referred. If any committee to 4
which a Commission joint resolution is referred fails 5
to report the Commission joint resolution within that 6
period, that committee shall be automatically dis-7
charged from consideration of the Commission joint 8
resolution, and the Commission joint resolution shall 9
be placed on the appropriate calendar. 10
(3) P
ROCEEDING.—Notwithstanding rule XXII 11
of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order, 12
not later than 2 days of session after the date on 13
which a Commission joint resolution is reported or 14
discharged from all committees to which the Com-15
mission joint resolution was referred, for the major-16
ity leader of the Senate or the designee of the major-17
ity leader to move to proceed to the consideration of 18
the Commission joint resolution. It shall also be in 19
order for any Member of the Senate to move to pro-20
ceed to the consideration of the Commission joint 21
resolution at any time after the conclusion of such 22
2-day period. A motion to proceed is in order even 23
though a previous motion to the same effect has 24
been disagreed to. All points of order against the 25
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motion to proceed to the Commission joint resolution 1
are waived. The motion to proceed is not debatable. 2
The motion is not subject to a motion to postpone. 3
A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion 4
is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. If 5
a motion to proceed to the consideration of the Com-6
mission joint resolution is agreed to, the Commission 7
joint resolution shall remain the unfinished business 8
until disposed of. All points of order against a Com-9
mission joint resolution and against consideration of 10
the Commission joint resolution are waived. 11
(4) N
O AMENDMENTS .—An amendment to a 12
Commission joint resolution, or a motion to post-13
pone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of 14
other business, or a motion to recommit the Com-15
mission joint resolution, is not in order. 16
(5) R
ULINGS OF THE CHAIR ON PROCEDURE .— 17
Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to 18
the application of the rules of the Senate, as the 19
case may be, to the procedure relating to a Commis-20
sion joint resolution shall be decided without debate. 21
(d) A
MENDMENT.—A Commission joint resolution 22
shall not be subject to amendment in either the Senate 23
or the House of Representatives. 24
(e) C
ONSIDERATION BY THE OTHERHOUSE.— 25
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(1) IN GENERAL.—If, before passing a Commis-1
sion joint resolution, a House receives from the 2
other House a Commission joint resolution of the 3
other House— 4
(A) the Commission joint resolution of the 5
other House shall not be referred to a com-6
mittee; and 7
(B) the procedure in the receiving House 8
shall be the same as if no Commission joint res-9
olution had been received from the other House 10
until the vote on passage, when the Commission 11
joint resolution received from the other House 12
shall supplant the Commission joint resolution 13
of the receiving House. 14
(2) R
EVENUE MEASURES .—This subsection 15
shall not apply to the House of Representatives if a 16
Commission joint resolution received from the Sen-17
ate is a revenue measure. 18
(f) R
ULESTOCOORDINATEACTIONWITHOTHER 19
H
OUSE.— 20
(1) T
REATMENT OF COMMISSION JOINT RESO -21
LUTION OF OTHER HOUSE .—If a Commission joint 22
resolution is not introduced in the Senate or the 23
Senate fails to consider a Commission joint resolu-24
tion under this section, the Commission joint resolu-25
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tion of the House of Representatives shall be entitled 1
to expedited floor procedures under this section. 2
(2) T
REATMENT OF COMPANION MEASURES IN 3
THE SENATE.—If, following passage of a Commis-4
sion joint resolution in the Senate, the Senate then 5
receives from the House of Representatives a Com-6
mission joint resolution, the House-passed Commis-7
sion joint resolution shall not be debatable. The vote 8
on passage of the Commission joint resolution in the 9
Senate shall be considered to be the vote on passage 10
of the Commission joint resolution received from the 11
House of Representatives. 12
(3) V
ETOES.—If the President vetoes a Com-13
mission joint resolution, consideration of a veto mes-14
sage in the Senate under this paragraph shall be 10 15
hours equally divided between the majority and mi-16
nority leaders of the Senate or the designees of the 17
majority and minority leaders of the Senate. 18
(g) E
XERCISE OFRULEMAKINGPOWER.—This sec-19
tion is enacted by Congress— 20
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of 21
the Senate and House of Representatives, respec-22
tively, and as such it is deemed a part of the rules 23
of each House, respectively, but applicable only with 24
respect to the procedure to be followed in that 25
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•HR 222 IH
House in the case of a Commission joint resolution, 1
and it supersedes other rules only to the extent that 2
it is inconsistent with such rules; and 3
(2) with full recognition of the constitutional 4
right of either House to change the rules (so far as 5
relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, 6
in the same manner, and to the same extent as in 7
the case of any other rule of that House. 8
Æ
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