I
119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION H. R. 2677
To establish the Constitutional Government Review Commission, and for
other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
APRIL7, 2025
Mr. D
UNNof Florida (for himself, Mr. SCOTTFRANKLINof Florida, and Mr.
B
AIRD) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Oversight and Government Reform, and in addition to the
Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the
Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within
the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To establish the Constitutional Government Review
Commission, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘10th Amendment Res-4
toration Act of 2025’’. 5
SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT. 6
There is established a commission, to be known as 7
the ‘‘Constitutional Government Review Commission’’, 8
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that shall review each agency in accordance with specified 1
criteria to determine if such agency should be repealed to 2
eliminate Federal powers not definitively delegated by the 3
Constitution. 4
SEC. 3. MEMBERSHIP. 5
(a) I
NGENERAL.—The Commission shall be com-6
posed of 9 members who shall be appointed by the Presi-7
dent, not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-8
ment of this Act, by and with the advice and consent of 9
the Senate. 10
(b) T
ERM.—The term of each member shall com-11
mence upon the confirmation of the member by the Senate 12
and shall extend to the date that is 5 years and 180 days 13
after the date of the enactment of this Act or that is 5 14
years after the date on which all members have been con-15
firmed by the Senate, whichever is later. 16
(c) A
PPOINTMENT.—The members of the Commis-17
sion shall be appointed as follows: 18
(1) C
HAIR.—The President shall appoint as the 19
Chair of the Commission an individual with expertise 20
and experience in the Constitution and the funda-21
mental principles by which the authority of the Fed-22
eral Government is exercised. 23
(2) C
ANDIDATE LIST OF MEMBERS .—The 24
Speaker of the House of Representatives, the minor-25
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ity leader of the House of Representatives, the ma-1
jority leader of the Senate, and the minority leader 2
of the Senate shall each present to the President a 3
list of candidates to be members of the Commission. 4
Such candidates shall be individuals learned in the 5
original meaning of the Constitution. The President 6
shall appoint 2 members of the Commission from 7
each list provided under this paragraph, subject to 8
the provisions of paragraph (3). 9
(3) R
ESUBMISSION OF CANDIDATE .—The Presi-10
dent may request from the presenter of a list under 11
paragraph (2) a new list of one or more candidates 12
if the President— 13
(A) determines that any candidate on a list 14
presented pursuant to paragraph (2) does not 15
meet the qualifications specified in such para-16
graph to be a member of the Commission; and 17
(B) certifies that determination to the con-18
gressional officials specified in paragraph (2). 19
(d) P
AY ANDTRAVELEXPENSES.— 20
(1) P
AY.— 21
(A) M
EMBERS.—Each member, other than 22
the Chair of the Commission, shall be paid at 23
a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the min-24
imum annual rate of basic pay payable for level 25
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IV of the Executive Schedule under section 1
5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each 2
day (including travel time) during which the 3
member is engaged in the actual performance of 4
duties vested in the Commission. 5
(B) C
HAIR.—The Chair shall be paid for 6
each day referred to in subparagraph (A) at a 7
rate equal to the daily equivalent of the min-8
imum annual rate of basic pay payable for level 9
III of the Executive Schedule under section 10
5314 of title 5, United States Code. 11
(2) T
RAVEL EXPENSES.—Members shall receive 12
travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsist-13
ence, in accordance with sections 5702 and 5703 of 14
title 5, United States Code. 15
(e) M
EETINGS.—The Commission may meet when, 16
where, and as often as the Commission determines appro-17
priate, except that the Commission shall hold public meet-18
ings not less than twice each year. All meetings of the 19
Commission shall be open to the public. 20
SEC. 4. DUTIES. 21
(a) I
NGENERAL.—The Commission shall conduct a 22
review of the authorizing statute of each agency and the 23
statutory authority implemented by each such agency to 24
determine if any are not definitively delegated to the Fed-25
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eral Government by the Constitution. In any review con-1
ducted by the Commission, the goal of the Commission 2
shall be to ensure that powers not delegated to the United 3
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the 4
States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the 5
people. 6
(b) M
ETHODOLOGY FOR REVIEW.—The Commission 7
shall establish a methodology for conducting the review 8
and shall publish the terms of the methodology in the Fed-9
eral Register and on the website of the Commission. The 10
Commission may propose and seek public comment on the 11
methodology before the methodology is established. 12
(c) R
EPEALRECOMMENDATION .— 13
(1) I
N GENERAL.—After completion of any re-14
view under subsection (a), the Commission shall rec-15
ommend whether immediate action is appropriate to 16
repeal the authorizing statute of an agency and the 17
statutory authority implemented by such agency. 18
(2) D
ECISIONS BY MAJORITY .—Each decision 19
by the Commission to issue a repeal recommendation 20
under this subsection shall be made by a simple ma-21
jority vote of the Commission. No such vote shall 22
take place until after all members of the Commission 23
have been confirmed by the Senate. 24
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(d) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION OFSAV-1
INGSAMONG THESTATES.— 2
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The Commission shall pre-3
pare, in consultation with the Comptroller General 4
of the United States, an estimate of Federal spend-5
ing or revenue changes resulting from the adoption 6
of a repeal recommendation under subsection (c). 7
(2) D
ISTRIBUTION RECOMMENDATIONS .—After 8
completion of the estimate under paragraph (1), the 9
Commission shall prepare a recommendation for dis-10
tributing any Federal budget savings in lump sums 11
among the States for administration of powers re-12
turned to the States as a result of the adoption of 13
a repeal recommendation under subsection (c). 14
(e) I
NITIATION OFREVIEW BYOTHERPERSONS.— 15
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The Commission may also 16
conduct a review under subsection (a), and issue a 17
recommendation under subsection (c), of an author-18
izing statute of an agency and the statutory author-19
ity implemented by such agency which are submitted 20
for review to the Commission by— 21
(A) the President; 22
(B) a Member of Congress; 23
(C) any officer or employee of a Federal, 24
State, local, or regional governmental body; or 25
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(D) any member of the public. 1
(2) F
ORM OF SUBMISSION .—A submission to 2
the Commission under this subsection shall— 3
(A) identify the specific agency for review; 4
(B) provide a statement of evidence to 5
demonstrate that the agency qualifies to be 6
identified for review under the criteria listed in 7
subsection (a); and 8
(C) include such other information as the 9
submitter believes may be helpful to the review 10
of the Commission. 11
(3) P
UBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Commission 12
shall make each submission received under this sub-13
section available on the website of the Commission 14
as soon as possible, but not later than 1 week after 15
the date on which the submission was received. 16
(f) N
OTICES ANDREPORTS OF THECOMMISSION.— 17
(1) N
OTICES OF AND REPORTS ON ACTIVI -18
TIES.—The Commission shall publish in the Federal 19
Register and on the website of the Commission— 20
(A) notices in advance of all public meet-21
ings, hearings, and recommendations informing 22
the public of the basis, purpose, and procedures 23
for the meeting, hearing, or classification; and 24
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(B) reports after the conclusion of any 1
public meeting, hearing, or recommendation 2
summarizing in detail the basis, purpose, and 3
substance of the meeting, hearing, or rec-4
ommendation. 5
(2) A
NNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS .—Each 6
year, beginning on the date that is 1 year after the 7
date on which all Commission members have been 8
confirmed by the Senate, the Commission shall sub-9
mit a report simultaneously to each House of Con-10
gress detailing the activities of the Commission for 11
the previous year, and all recommendations of the 12
Commission for repeal and distribution of savings 13
among the States under this section, including (at 14
the option of the Commission) a proposed bill con-15
sisting of legislative text to carry out the rec-16
ommendations. 17
(3) F
INAL REPORT.—Not later than the date 18
on which the appointments of the Commission mem-19
bers expire, the Commission shall submit a final re-20
port simultaneously to each House of Congress sum-21
marizing all activities and recommendations of the 22
Commission, including a list of each statute for im-23
mediate action to repeal, recommendations for dis-24
tribution of savings among the States, and (at the 25
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option of the Commission) a proposed bill consisting 1
of legislative text to carry out the recommendations. 2
This report may be included in the final annual re-3
port of the Commission under paragraph (2) and 4
may include a recommendation on whether the Com-5
mission should be reauthorized by Congress. 6
(g) W
EBSITE.— 7
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The Commission shall estab-8
lish a public website that— 9
(A) uses current information technology to 10
make records available on the website; 11
(B) provides information in a standard 12
data format; and 13
(C) receives and publishes public com-14
ments. 15
(2) P
UBLISHING OF INFORMATION .—Any infor-16
mation required to be made available on the website 17
established pursuant to this Act shall be published 18
in a timely manner and shall be accessible by the 19
public on the website at no cost. 20
(3) R
ECORD OF PUBLIC MEETINGS AND HEAR -21
INGS.—All records of public meetings and hearings 22
shall be published on the website as soon as possible, 23
but not later than 1 week after the date on which 24
such public meeting or hearing occurred. 25
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(4) PUBLIC COMMENTS.—The Commission shall 1
publish on the website all public comments and sub-2
missions. 3
(5) N
OTICES.—The Commission shall publish 4
on the website notices of all public meetings and 5
hearings at least 1 week before the date on which 6
such public meeting or hearing occurs. 7
SEC. 5. EXPEDITED PROCEDURES FOR CONSIDERATION OF 8
COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS. 9
(a) D
ESCRIPTION OF COMMISSIONBILL.—In this 10
section, the ‘‘Commission bill’’ is a bill— 11
(1) which consists of the legislative text in-12
cluded in an annual report submitted by the Com-13
mission under paragraph (2) of section 4(f) and 14
which is introduced not later than 5 legislative days 15
after the date on which the Commission submits 16
such annual report by the majority leader of the 17
Senate or by a Member of the Senate designated by 18
the majority leader of the Senate (in the case of the 19
Senate) or by the Speaker of the House of Rep-20
resentatives or by a Member of the House of Rep-21
resentatives designated by the Speaker (in the case 22
of the House of Representatives); and 23
(2) which consists of the legislative text in-24
cluded in the final report submitted by the Commis-25
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sion under paragraph (3) of section 4(f) and which 1
is introduced not later than 5 legislative days after 2
the date on which the Commission submits such 3
final report by the majority leader of the Senate or 4
by a Member of the Senate designated by the major-5
ity leader of the Senate (in the case of the Senate) 6
or by the Speaker of the House of Representatives 7
or by a Member of the House of Representatives 8
designated by the Speaker (in the case of the House 9
of Representatives). 10
(b) E
XPEDITEDCONSIDERATION INHOUSE OFREP-11
RESENTATIVES.— 12
(1) P
LACEMENT ON CALENDAR .—Upon intro-13
duction in the House of Representatives, the Com-14
mission bill shall be placed immediately on the ap-15
propriate calendar. 16
(2) P
ROCEEDING TO CONSIDERATION .— 17
(A) I
N GENERAL.—It shall be in order, not 18
later than 30 legislative days after the date the 19
Commission bill is introduced in the House of 20
Representatives, to move to proceed to consider 21
the Commission bill in the House of Represent-22
atives. 23
(B) P
ROCEDURE.—For a motion to pro-24
ceed to consider the Commission bill— 25
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(i) all points of order against the mo-1
tion are waived; 2
(ii) such a motion shall not be in 3
order after the House of Representatives 4
has disposed of a motion to proceed on the 5
Commission bill; 6
(iii) the previous question shall be 7
considered as ordered on the motion to its 8
adoption without intervening motion; 9
(iv) the motion shall not be debatable; 10
and 11
(v) a motion to reconsider the vote by 12
which the motion is disposed of shall not 13
be in order. 14
(3) C
ONSIDERATION.—When the House of Rep-15
resentatives proceeds to consideration of the Com-16
mission bill— 17
(A) the Commission bill shall be considered 18
as read; 19
(B) all points of order against the Com-20
mission bill (and against consideration of the 21
Commission bill) are waived; 22
(C) the previous question shall be consid-23
ered as ordered on the Commission bill to its 24
passage without intervening motion except 10 25
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hours of debate equally divided and controlled 1
by the proponent and an opponent; 2
(D) an amendment to the Commission bill 3
shall not be in order; and 4
(E) a motion to reconsider the vote on pas-5
sage of the Commission bill shall not be in 6
order. 7
(4) V
OTE ON PASSAGE.—In the House of Rep-8
resentatives, the Commission bill shall be agreed to 9
upon a vote of a majority of the Members present 10
and voting, a quorum being present. 11
(c) E
XPEDITEDCONSIDERATION INSENATE.— 12
(1) P
LACEMENT ON CALENDAR .—Upon intro-13
duction in the Senate, the Commission bill shall be 14
placed immediately on the calendar. 15
(2) P
ROCEEDING TO CONSIDERATION .— 16
(A) I
N GENERAL.—Notwithstanding rule 17
XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is 18
in order, not later than 30 legislative days after 19
the date the Commission bill is introduced in 20
the Senate (even though a previous motion to 21
the same effect has been disagreed to) to move 22
to proceed to consideration of the Commission 23
bill. 24
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(B) PROCEDURE.—For a motion to pro-1
ceed to consideration of the Commission bill— 2
(i) all points of order against the mo-3
tion are waived; 4
(ii) the motion is not debatable; 5
(iii) the motion is not subject to a mo-6
tion to postpone; 7
(iv) a motion to reconsider the vote by 8
which the motion is agreed to or disagreed 9
to shall not be in order; and 10
(v) if the motion is agreed to, the 11
Commission bill shall remain the unfin-12
ished business of the Senate until disposed 13
of. 14
(3) F
LOOR CONSIDERATION.— 15
(A) I
N GENERAL.—If the Senate proceeds 16
to consideration of the Commission bill— 17
(i) all points of order against the 18
Commission bill (and against consideration 19
of the Commission bill) are waived; 20
(ii) consideration of the Commission 21
bill, and all debatable motions and appeals 22
in connection therewith, shall be limited to 23
not more than 30 hours, which shall be di-24
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vided equally between the majority and mi-1
nority leaders or their designees; 2
(iii) a motion further to limit debate 3
is in order and not debatable; 4
(iv) an amendment to, a motion to 5
postpone, or a motion to commit the Com-6
mission bill is not in order; and 7
(v) a motion to proceed to the consid-8
eration of other business is not in order. 9
(B) V
OTE ON PASSAGE.—In the Senate— 10
(i) the vote on passage shall occur im-11
mediately following the conclusion of con-12
sideration of the Commission bill, and a 13
single quorum call at the conclusion of the 14
debate if requested in accordance with the 15
rules of the Senate; and 16
(ii) the Commission bill shall be 17
agreed to upon a vote of a majority of the 18
Members present and voting, a quorum 19
being present. 20
(C) R
ULINGS OF THE CHAIR ON PROCE -21
DURE.—Appeals from the decisions of the Chair 22
relating to the application of this subsection or 23
the rules of the Senate, as the case may be, to 24
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the procedure relating to the Commission bill 1
shall be decided without debate. 2
(d) R
ULESRELATING TOSENATE ANDHOUSE OF 3
R
EPRESENTATIVES.— 4
(1) C
ONSIDERATION BY OTHER HOUSE .—If, be-5
fore the passage by one House of the Commission 6
bill of that House, that House receives from the 7
other House the Commission bill of the other 8
House— 9
(A) the Commission bill of the other House 10
shall not be referred to a committee and may 11
not be considered in the House receiving it ex-12
cept in the case of final passage as provided in 13
subparagraph (B)(ii); and 14
(B) with respect to the Commission bill of 15
the House receiving the Commission bill of the 16
other House— 17
(i) the procedure in that House shall 18
be the same as if no Commission bill had 19
been received from the other House; but 20
(ii) the vote on final passage shall be 21
on the Commission bill of the other House. 22
(2) T
REATMENT OF COMMISSION BILL ORIGI -23
NATING IN RECEIVING HOUSE .—Upon disposition of 24
the Commission bill received from the other House, 25
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it shall no longer be in order to consider the Com-1
mission bill that originated in the receiving House. 2
(3) T
REATMENT OF COMMISSION BILL RE -3
CEIVED BY SENATE .—If, following passage of the 4
Commission bill in the Senate, the Senate receives 5
the Commission bill from the House of Representa-6
tives, the Commission bill received from the House 7
of Representatives shall not be debatable. 8
(4) V
ETO MESSAGE IN SENATE .—If the Presi-9
dent vetoes the Commission bill, consideration of a 10
veto message in the Senate under this section shall 11
be not more than 10 hours equally divided between 12
the majority and minority leaders or their designees. 13
(e) R
ULES OFHOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVES AND 14
S
ENATE.—This section is enacted by Congress— 15
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of 16
the Senate and House of Representatives, respec-17
tively, and as such is deemed a part of the rules of 18
each House, respectively, but applicable only with re-19
spect to the procedure to be followed in that House 20
in the case of the Commission bill, and supersedes 21
other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent 22
with such rules; and 23
(2) with full recognition of the constitutional 24
right of either House to change the rules (so far as 25
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relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, 1
in the same manner, and to the same extent as in 2
the case of any other rule of that House. 3
SEC. 6. DIRECTOR, STAFF, AND EXPERTS AND CONSULT-4
ANTS. 5
(a) D
IRECTOR.— 6
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The Commission shall ap-7
point a Director. 8
(2) P
AY.—The Director shall be paid at the 9
rate of basic pay payable for level V of the Executive 10
Schedule under section 5316 of title 5, United 11
States Code. 12
(b) S
TAFF.— 13
(1) I
N GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), 14
the Director, with the approval of the Commission, 15
may appoint, fix the pay of, and terminate addi-16
tional personnel. 17
(2) S
COPE OF APPOINTMENT AUTHORITY .—The 18
Director may make such appointments without re-19
gard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, 20
governing appointments in the competitive service, 21
and any personnel so appointed may be paid without 22
regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and sub-23
chapter III of chapter 53 of that title relating to 24
classification and General Schedule pay rates, except 25
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that an individual so appointed may not receive pay 1
in excess of the annual rate of basic pay payable for 2
GS–15 of the General Schedule. 3
(3) A
GENCY ASSISTANCE.—Following consulta-4
tion with, and upon request of, the Chair of the 5
Commission, the head of an agency may detail any 6
of the personnel of that agency to the Commission 7
to assist the Commission in carrying out the duties 8
of the Commission under this Act. 9
(4) GAO
ASSISTANCE.—The Comptroller Gen-10
eral of the United States shall provide assistance, in-11
cluding the detailing of employees, to the Commis-12
sion in accordance with an agreement entered into 13
with the Commission. 14
(5) A
SSISTANCE FROM OTHER PARTIES .—Con-15
gress and the States may provide assistance, includ-16
ing the detailing of employees, to the Commission in 17
accordance with an agreement entered into with the 18
Commission. 19
(c) E
XPERTS ANDCONSULTANTS.—The Commission 20
may procure by contract, to the extent funds are available, 21
the temporary or intermittent services of experts or con-22
sultants pursuant to section 3109 of title 5, United States 23
Code. 24
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SEC. 7. POWERS AND AUTHORITIES. 1
(a) H
EARINGS.—The Commission may, for the pur-2
pose of carrying out this Act, hold hearings to consider 3
issues of fact or law relevant to the work of the Commis-4
sion. Any hearing held by the Commission shall be open 5
to the public. 6
(b) A
CCESS TOINFORMATION.—The Commission 7
may secure directly from any agency information and doc-8
uments necessary to enable the Commission to carry out 9
this Act. Upon request of the Chair of the Commission, 10
the head of that agency shall furnish the information or 11
documents to the Commission as soon as possible, but not 12
later than two weeks after the date on which the request 13
was made. 14
(c) S
UBPOENAPOWER.— 15
(1) I
N GENERAL.—The Commission may issue 16
subpoenas requiring the attendance and testimony of 17
witnesses and the production of any evidence relat-18
ing to the duties of the Commission. The attendance 19
of witnesses and the production of evidence may be 20
required from any place within the United States at 21
any designated place of hearing within the United 22
States. 23
(2) F
AILURE TO OBEY A SUBPOENA .—If a per-24
son refuses to obey a subpoena issued under para-25
graph (1), the Commission may apply to a United 26
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States district court for an order requiring that per-1
son to appear before the Commission to give testi-2
mony, produce evidence, or both, relating to the 3
matter under investigation. The application may be 4
made within the judicial district where the hearing 5
is conducted or where that person is found, resides, 6
or transacts business. Any failure to obey the order 7
of the court may be punished by the court as civil 8
contempt. 9
(3) S
ERVICE OF SUBPOENAS .—The subpoenas 10
of the Commission shall be served in the manner 11
provided for subpoenas issued by a United States 12
district court under the Federal Rules of Civil Pro-13
cedure for the United States district courts. 14
(4) S
ERVICE OF PROCESS.—All process of any 15
court to which application is made under paragraph 16
(2) may be served in the judicial district in which 17
the person required to be served resides or may be 18
found. 19
(d) P
ROPERTY.—The Commission may lease space 20
and acquire personal property to the extent funds are 21
available. 22
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SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 1
(a) I
NGENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro-2
priated such sums as may be necessary to the Commission 3
to carry out this Act, not to exceed $30,000,000. 4
(b) A
VAILABILITY.—Any sums appropriated under 5
the authorization contained in this section shall remain 6
available, without fiscal year limitation, until the earlier 7
of the date that such sums are expended or the date of 8
the termination of the Commission. 9
SEC. 9. APPLICABILITY OF CHAPTER 10 OF TITLE 5, UNITED 10
STATES CODE. 11
(a) I
NGENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in 12
this Act, the Commission shall be subject to chapter 10 13
of title 5, United States Code. 14
(b) A
DVISORYCOMMITTEEMANAGEMENTOFFICE.— 15
The Commission shall not be subject to the control of any 16
Advisory Committee Management Officer designated 17
under section 1007(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code. 18
(c) S
UBCOMMITTEE.—Any subcommittee of the Com-19
mission shall be treated as the Commission for purposes 20
of chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code. 21
(d) C
HARTER.—The enactment of this Act shall be 22
considered to meet the requirements of the Commission 23
under section 1008(c) of title 5, United States Code. 24
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•HR 2677 IH
SEC. 10. TERMINATION. 1
The Commission shall terminate on the date that is 2
5 years and 180 days after the date of the enactment of 3
this Act or 5 years after the date on which the terms of 4
all Commission members have commenced, whichever is 5
later. 6
SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS. 7
In this Act: 8
(1) A
GENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the 9
meaning given such term in section 551 of title 5, 10
United States Code. 11
(2) S
TATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 12
the several States, the District of Columbia, each 13
commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United 14
States, and each federally recognized Indian Tribe. 15
(3) U
NFUNDED MANDATE .—The term ‘‘un-16
funded mandate’’ has the meaning given the term 17
‘‘Federal mandate’’ in section 421 of the Congres-18
sional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658). 19
Æ
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