119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION H. R. 28
AN ACT
To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide
that for purposes of determining compliance with title
IX of such Act in athletics, sex shall be recognized based
solely on a person’s reproductive biology and genetics
at birth.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 2
•HR 28 EH
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 1
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protection of Women 2
and Girls in Sports Act of 2025’’. 3
SEC. 2. AMENDMENT. 4
Section 901 of the Education Amendments of 1972 5
(20 U.S.C. 1681) is amended by adding at the end the 6
following: 7
‘‘(d)(1) It shall be a violation of subsection (a) for 8
a recipient of Federal financial assistance who operates, 9
sponsors, or facilitates athletic programs or activities to 10
permit a person whose sex is male to participate in an 11
athletic program or activity that is designated for women 12
or girls. 13
‘‘(2) For the purposes of this subsection, sex shall 14
be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biol-15
ogy and genetics at birth. 16
‘‘(3) For the purposes of this subsection, the term 17
‘athletic programs and activities’ includes, but is not lim-18
ited to, all programs or activities that are provided condi-19
tional upon participation with any athletic team. 20
‘‘(4) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to 21
prohibit a recipient from permitting males to train or 22
practice with an athletic program or activity that is des-23
ignated for women or girls so long as no female is deprived 24
of a roster spot on a team or sport, opportunity to partici-25
pate in a practice or competition, scholarship, admission 26 3
•HR 28 EH
to an educational institution, or any other benefit that ac-1
companies participating in the athletic program or activ-2
ity. 3
‘‘(e) The Comptroller General shall carry out a study 4
to determine the meaning of the phrase ‘any other benefit’ 5
as used in subsection (d)(4) by looking at benefits to 6
women or girls of participating in single sex sports that 7
would be lost by allowing males to participate. The study 8
shall document the adverse psychological, developmental, 9
participatory, and sociological results to girls of allowing 10
males to compete, be members of a sports team, or partici-11
pants in athletic programs, that are designed for girls, in-12
cluding displacement or discouragement from sports par-13
ticipation, deprivation of a roster spot on a team or sport, 14
loss of the opportunity to participate in a practice or com-15
petition, loss of a scholarship or scholarship opportunities, 16
loss or displacement of admission to an educational insti-17
tution, deprivation of the benefit of an environment free 18
of hostility based on sexual assault or harassment, or any 19
other benefit that accompanies participating in the ath-20
letics program or activity. Further, the Comptroller Gen-21
eral shall submit to the Committee on Education and the 22
Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Com-23 4
•HR 28 EH
mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the 1
Senate a report that contains the results of such study.’’. 2
Passed the House of Representatives January 14,
2025.
Attest:
Clerk. 119
TH
CONGRESS
1
ST
S
ESSION
H. R. 28
AN ACT
To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to
provide that for purposes of determining compli-
ance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex
shall be recognized based solely on a person’s re-
productive biology and genetics at birth.