IV
119THCONGRESS
1
STSESSION H. RES. 168
Reaffirming the United States commitment to respecting the sovereignty
of Mexico and condemning calls for military action in Mexico without
Mexico’s consent and congressional authorization.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FEBRUARY27, 2025
Mr. C
ASTROof Texas (for himself, Mr. GARCI´Aof Illinois, Ms. VELA´ZQUEZ,
Mr. M
EEKS, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Ms. OCASIO-CORTEZ, Mr. CASAR, Mr.
K
HANNA, Ms. KAMLAGER-DOVE, Mr. VARGAS, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mrs.
T
ORRESof California, Mr. JACKSONof Illinois, Ms. OMAR, Ms. TITUS,
Mr. G
OMEZ, Mr. CARSON, Ms. SA´NCHEZ, Mr. GRIJALVA, Ms. JACOBS,
Mrs. C
HERFILUS-MCCORMICK, Ms. NORTON, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, and Ms.
T
LAIB) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the
Committee on Foreign Affairs
RESOLUTION
Reaffirming the United States commitment to respecting the
sovereignty of Mexico and condemning calls for military
action in Mexico without Mexico’s consent and congres-
sional authorization.
Whereas Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations,
to which the United States is a party, states, ‘‘All Mem-
bers shall refrain in their international relations from the
threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or
political independence of any state, or in any other man-
ner . . .’’;
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•HRES 168 IH
Whereas the Charter of the Organization of American States,
to which the United States is a party, Article 3(h) of
Chapter III states, ‘‘An act of aggression against one
American State is an act of aggression against all the
other American States’’, and Article 3(i) states, ‘‘Con-
troversies of an international character arising between
two or more American States shall be settled by peaceful
procedures’’;
Whereas Article 22 of the Charter of the Organization of
American States declares, ‘‘The American States bind
themselves in their international relations not to have re-
course to the use of force, except in the case of self de-
fense in accordance with existing treaties or in fulfillment
thereof’’;
Whereas the United States and Mexico have cooperated for
several decades on a variety of issues such as trade, in-
vestment, counter-narcotics, migration, rule of law, and
security, including through recent high-level security and
economic dialogues;
Whereas unilateral military action in Mexico could result in
further violence and displacement in the country, contrib-
uting to forced migration within the Western Hemisphere
including the United States;
Whereas Mexico is the largest trading partner of the United
States, and unilateral military action in Mexico could
trigger severe bilateral consequences that drive up ex-
penses for workers and consumers in the United States;
Whereas unilateral military action in Mexico by the United
States risks trapping the United States military in an in-
tractable conflict, endangering the lives of United States
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•HRES 168 IH
service members and civilians in both Mexico and the
United States; and
Whereas it is in the interest of the United States to work
with the Mexican government to address the challenges
posed by transnational criminal organizations: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 1
(1) respects the sovereignty of Mexico, as pro-2
tected by the principles of the Charter of the United 3
Nations and the Charter of the Organization of 4
American States; 5
(2) rejects and condemns the use of military 6
force by the United States against entities based in 7
Mexico if conducted without the consent of the Mexi-8
can Government and without an explicit authoriza-9
tion for the use of military force enacted by Con-10
gress; 11
(3) recognizes that any act of aggression on 12
Mexico’s sovereign territory without their consent 13
could be considered an act of war and a violation of 14
international law; 15
(4) emphasizes that any actions by the Presi-16
dent to engage in hostilities in Mexico without con-17
gressional authorization and for purposes other than 18
repelling a sudden attack would impinge on the con-19
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•HRES 168 IH
stitutional separation of powers and implicate the 1
War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.); 2
(5) underscores that any designation of an enti-3
ty, including transnational criminal organizations, as 4
a foreign terrorist organization under United States 5
law on its own does not provide the President the 6
authority to conduct military actions against that 7
entity; 8
(6) reaffirms the President’s inherent power to 9
repel sudden attacks on United States persons and 10
territory while noting that the manufacture, trans-11
portation, and sale of fentanyl and related chemical 12
compounds is not an invasion, predatory incursion, 13
or other armed attack by a foreign adversary and 14
should not serve as the basis for using military force 15
without congressional authorization; and 16
(7) calls on continued United States engage-17
ment with Mexico and strong bilateral relations to 18
support productive and effective means of combating 19
rising crime, violence, and drug trafficking. 20
Æ
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