Alabama 2024 Regular Session

Alabama Senate Bill SB29 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

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1	1	SB29INTRODUCED
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3	3	SB29
4	4	I2D96ZZ-1
5	5	By Senator Weaver
6	6	RFD: Judiciary
7	7	First Read: 06-Feb-24
8	8	PFD: 05-Feb-24
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14	14	6 I2D96ZZ-1 02/05/2024 THR (L)THR 2023-3741
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16	16	PFD: 05-Feb-24
17	17	SYNOPSIS:
18	18	Under existing law, the term "private image"
19	19	includes a recording that has been edited, altered, or
20	20	otherwise manipulated from its original form.
21	21	This bill would amend the definition of "private
22	22	image" to include a recording that, to a reasonable
23	23	person, depicts an identifiable individual regardless
24	24	of whether the recording was generated through
25	25	digitization or any other electronic process.
26	26	Under existing law, the term "visual depiction"
27	27	includes a portrayal, representation, illustration,
28	28	image, likeness, or other thing that creates a sensory
29	29	impression, whether an original, duplicate, or
30	30	reproduction.
31	31	This bill would amend the definition of "visual
32	32	depiction" to include a thing that was generated
33	33	through digitization or any other electronic process.
34	34	This bill would define the terms "child sexual
35	35	abuse material," "digitization," and "recognizable
36	36	physical characteristic."
37	37	Under existing law, it is unlawful for any
38	38	person to knowingly disseminate, display publicly,
39	39	knowingly possess, knowingly possess with intent to
40	40	disseminate, or knowingly film, print, record,
41	41	photograph, or otherwise produce certain obscene matter
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71	71	photograph, or otherwise produce certain obscene matter
72	72	depicting an individual under 17 years of age.
73	73	This bill would provide that it is unlawful for
74	74	any person to knowingly disseminate, display publicly,
75	75	knowingly possess, knowingly possess with intent to
76	76	disseminate, or knowingly film, print, record,
77	77	photograph, or otherwise produce certain obscene matter
78	78	depicting an individual under 18 years of age.
79	79	Under existing law, it is unlawful for any
80	80	parent or guardian to knowingly permit or allow their
81	81	child, ward, or dependent under 17 years of age to
82	82	engage in the production of certain obscene material
83	83	containing a visual depiction of the child, ward, or
84	84	dependent.
85	85	This bill would provide that it is unlawful for
86	86	any parent or guardian to knowingly permit or allow
87	87	their child, ward, or dependent under 18 years of age
88	88	to engage in the production of certain obscene material
89	89	containing a visual depiction of the child, ward, or
90	90	dependent.
91	91	This bill would also make nonsubstantive,
92	92	technical revisions to update the existing code
93	93	language to current style.
94	94	Section 111.05 of the Constitution of Alabama of
95	95	2022, prohibits a general law whose purpose or effect
96	96	would be to require a new or increased expenditure of
97	97	local funds from becoming effective with regard to a
98	98	local governmental entity without enactment by a 2/3
99	99	vote unless: it comes within one of a number of
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129	129	vote unless: it comes within one of a number of
130	130	specified exceptions; it is approved by the affected
131	131	entity; or the Legislature appropriates funds, or
132	132	provides a local source of revenue, to the entity for
133	133	the purpose.
134	134	The purpose or effect of this bill would be to
135	135	require a new or increased expenditure of local funds
136	136	within the meaning of the section. However, the bill
137	137	does not require approval of a local governmental
138	138	entity or enactment by a 2/3 vote to become effective
139	139	because it comes within one of the specified exceptions
140	140	contained in the section.
141	141	A BILL
142	142	TO BE ENTITLED
143	143	AN ACT
144	144	Relating to crimes and offenses; to amend Sections
145	145	13A-6-240, as last amended by Act 2023-464, 2023 Regular
146	146	Session, 13A-12-190, 13A-12-191, 13A-12-192, 13A-12-193,
147	147	13A-12-194, 13A-12-196, 13A-12-197, and 13A-12-198, Code of
148	148	Alabama 1975; to further provide for the definitions of
149	149	private image and visual depiction; to further provide for the
150	150	age of a child for offenses involving obscene materials
151	151	containing visual depictions of children; to make
152	152	nonsubstantive, technical revisions to update the existing
153	153	code language to current style; and in connection therewith
154	154	would have as its purpose or effect the requirement of a new
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184	184	would have as its purpose or effect the requirement of a new
185	185	or increased expenditure of local funds within the meaning of
186	186	Section 111.05 of the Constitution of Alabama of 2022.
187	187	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
188	188	Section 1. Sections 13A-6-240, as last amended by Act
189	189	2023-464, 2023 Regular Session, 13A-12-190, 13A-12-191,
190	190	13A-12-192, 13A-12-193, 13A-12-194, 13A-12-196, 13A-12-197,
191	191	and 13A-12-198, Code of Alabama 1975, are amended to read as
192	192	follows:
193	193	"§13A-6-240
194	194	(a) A person commits the crime of distributing a
195	195	private image if he or she knowingly posts, emails, texts,
196	196	transmits, or otherwise distributes a private image when the
197	197	depicted person individual has not consented to the
198	198	transmission and the depicted person individual had a
199	199	reasonable expectation of privacy against transmission of the
200	200	private image.
201	201	(b)(1) For purposes of this section, "private image"
202	202	means a photograph, digital image, video, film, or other
203	203	recording of a person an individual who is identifiable from
204	204	the recording itself or from the circumstances of its
205	205	transmission and who is engaged in any act of sadomasochistic
206	206	abuse, sexual intercourse, sexual excitement, masturbation,
207	207	breast nudity, as defined in Section 13A-12-190, genital
208	208	nudity, or other sexual conduct , as defined in Section
209	209	13A-12-190.
210	210	(2) The term includes a recording that has been edited,
211	211	altered, or otherwise manipulated from its original form.
212	212	(3) The term includes a recording that, to a reasonable
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242	242	(3) The term includes a recording that, to a reasonable
243	243	person, depicts an identifiable individual regardless of
244	244	whether the recording was generated through digitization, as
245	245	defined in Section 13A-12-190, or any other electronic
246	246	process.
247	247	(c)(1) For purposes of this section, a "reasonable
248	248	expectation of privacy" includes, but is not limited to,
249	249	either of the following circumstances:
250	250	a. The person individual depicted in the private image
251	251	created it or consented to its creation believing that it
252	252	would remain confidential.
253	253	b. The sexual conduct depicted in the image was
254	254	involuntary.
255	255	(2) There is no reasonable expectation of privacy
256	256	against the transmission of a private image made voluntarily
257	257	in a public or commercial setting.
258	258	(d) It is a defense to distributing a private image if
259	259	the distribution of the private image was made in the public
260	260	interest, including, but not limited to, the reporting of
261	261	unlawful conduct; the lawful and common practices of law
262	262	enforcement, legal proceedings, or medical treatment; or a
263	263	bona fide attempt to prevent further distribution of the
264	264	private image.
265	265	(e) For the purposes of determining jurisdiction, the
266	266	crime of distributing a private image shall be considered to
267	267	be committed in any county in which any part of the crime took
268	268	place, in the county of residence of the victim or defendant,
269	269	or any county where the image is received.
270	270	(f) A violation of this section is a Class A
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300	300	(f) A violation of this section is a Class A
301	301	misdemeanor. A subsequent adjudication or conviction under
302	302	this section is a Class C felony."
303	303	"§13A-12-190
304	304	For the purposes of this division, the following terms
305	305	shall have the following meanings respectively ascribed to
306	306	them by this section :
307	307	(1)(5) DISSEMINATE. To transmit, distribute, sell,
308	308	lend, provide, transfer, or show, including through electronic
309	309	means.
310	310	(2)(4) DISPLAY PUBLICLY. The exposing, placing,
311	311	posting, exhibiting, or in any fashion displaying in any
312	312	location, whether public or private, an item in such a manner
313	313	that it may be readily seen and its content or character
314	314	distinguished by normal unaided vision viewing it from a
315	315	public thoroughfare, depot, or vehicle.
316	316	(3)(13) PUBLIC THOROUGHFARE, DEPOT, OR VEHICLE. Any
317	317	street, highway, park, depot, or transportation platform or
318	318	other place, whether indoors or outoutdoors, or any vehicle
319	319	for public transportation, owned or operated by government,
320	320	either directly or through a public corporation or authority,
321	321	or owned or operated by any agency of public transportation
322	322	that is designed for the use, enjoyment, or transportation of
323	323	the general public.
324	324	(4)(7) KNOWINGLY. A person knowingly disseminates or
325	325	publicly displays obscene matter when the person knows the
326	326	nature of the matter. A person knows the nature of the matter
327	327	when either of the following circumstances exist:
328	328	a. The person is aware of the character and content of
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358	358	a. The person is aware of the character and content of
359	359	the matter.
360	360	b. The person recklessly disregards circumstances
361	361	suggesting the character and content of the matter.
362	362	(5)(14)SADO-MASOCHISTIC SADOMASOCHISTIC ABUSE. Such
363	363	term means either Either of the following:
364	364	a. Flagellation or torture, for the purpose of sexual
365	365	stimulation, by or upon a person an individual who is nude or
366	366	clad in undergarments or in a revealing or bizarre costume.
367	367	b. The condition of a person an individual who is nude
368	368	or clad in undergarments or in a revealing or bizarre costume
369	369	being fettered, bound, or otherwise physically restrained for
370	370	the purpose of sexual stimulation.
371	371	(6)(16) SEXUAL EXCITEMENT. The condition of human male
372	372	or female genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation.
373	373	(7)(17) SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. Intercourse, real or
374	374	simulated, whether genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital
375	375	or oral-anal, whether between persons individuals of the same
376	376	or opposite sex or between a human and an animal.
377	377	(8)(9) MASTURBATION. Manipulation, by hand or
378	378	instrument, of the human genitals, whether one's own or
379	379	another's for the purpose of sexual stimulation.
380	380	(9)(12) OTHER SEXUAL CONDUCT. Any touching of the
381	381	genitals, pubic areas, or buttocks of the human male or
382	382	female, or the breasts of the female, whether alone or between
383	383	members of the same or opposite sex or between humans and
384	384	animals in an act of apparent sexual stimulation or
385	385	gratification.
386	386	(10)(1) BREAST NUDITY. The lewd showing of the
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416	416	(10)(1) BREAST NUDITY. The lewd showing of the
417	417	post-pubertal human female breasts below a point immediately
418	418	above the top of the areola.
419	419	(11)(6) GENITAL NUDITY. The lewd showing of the
420	420	genitals or pubic area.
421	421	(12)(10) MATTER. Any book, magazine, newspaper, or
422	422	other printed material, or any picture, photograph, motion
423	423	picture, video cassette, tape, record, digital video disc
424	424	(DVD), video compilation, or electronic depiction in a
425	425	comparable format, or an image, file, download, or other
426	426	content stored, or reproduced by using a computer or
427	427	electronic device or other digital storage, or any other
428	428	thing, articles, or materials that either are or contain a
429	429	photographic or other visual depiction of a live act,
430	430	performance, or event.
431	431	(13)(11) OBSCENE. a. When used to describe any matter
432	432	that contains a visual reproduction of breast nudity, the term
433	433	shall include includes all of the following:
434	434	1. Applying contemporary local community standards, on
435	435	the whole, appeals to the prurient interest.
436	436	2. Is patently offensive.
437	437	3. On the whole, lacks serious literary, artistic,
438	438	political, or scientific value.
439	439	b. When used to describe matter that is a depiction of
440	440	an act of sado-masochistic sadomasochistic abuse, sexual
441	441	intercourse, sexual excitement, masturbation, genital nudity,
442	442	or other sexual conduct, the term means matter containing a
443	443	visual reproduction that itself lacks serious literary,
444	444	artistic, political, or scientific value.
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474	474	artistic, political, or scientific value.
475	475	(14)(8) LOCAL COMMUNITY. The judicial circuit in which
476	476	the indictment is brought.
477	477	(15)(18) VISUAL DEPICTION. A portrayal, representation,
478	478	illustration, image, likeness, or other thing that creates a
479	479	sensory impression, whether an original, duplicate, or
480	480	reproduction, including a thing that was generated using
481	481	digitization or any other electronic process .
482	482	(16)(15) SEPARATE OFFENSE. The depiction of an
483	483	individual less than 17 18 years of age that violates this
484	484	division shall constitute a separate offense for each single
485	485	visual depiction.
486	486	(2) CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE MATERIAL. Any obscene matter
487	487	containing a visual depiction of an individual under 18 years
488	488	of age engaged in any act of sadomasochistic abuse, sexual
489	489	intercourse, sexual excitement, masturbation, breast nudity,
490	490	genital nudity, or other sexual conduct.
491	491	(3) DIGITIZATION. To realistically depict any of the
492	492	following:
493	493	a. The nude body parts of an individual as the nude
494	494	body parts of another individual.
495	495	b. Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body
496	496	parts of an individual.
497	497	c. An individual engaging in sexual conduct who did not
498	498	engage in the depicted sexual conduct. "
499	499	"§13A-12-191
500	500	Any person who shall knowingly disseminate disseminates
501	501	or display displays publicly any obscene matter containing a
502	502	visual depiction of a person under the age of 17 years engaged
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532	532	visual depiction of a person under the age of 17 years engaged
533	533	in any act of sado-masochistic abuse, sexual intercourse,
534	534	sexual excitement, masturbation, breast nudity, genital
535	535	nudity, or other sexual conduct child sexual abuse material
536	536	shall be guilty of a Class B felony."
537	537	"§13A-12-192
538	538	(a) Any person who knowingly possesses with intent to
539	539	disseminate any obscene matter that contains a visual
540	540	depiction of a person under the age of 17 years engaged in any
541	541	act of sado-masochistic abuse, sexual intercourse, sexual
542	542	excitement, masturbation, breast nudity, genital nudity, or
543	543	other sexual conduct child sexual abuse material shall be
544	544	guilty of a Class B felony. Any transfer of the visual
545	545	depiction child sexual abuse material from any electronic
546	546	device to any other device, program, application, or any other
547	547	place with storage capability which that can be made available
548	548	or is accessible by other users, is prima facie evidence of
549	549	possession with intent to disseminate.
550	550	(b) Any person who knowingly possesses any obscene
551	551	matter that contains a visual depiction of a person under the
552	552	age of 17 years engaged in any act of sado-masochistic abuse,
553	553	sexual intercourse, sexual excitement, masturbation, breast
554	554	nudity, genital nudity, or other sexual conduct child sexual
555	555	abuse material shall be guilty of a Class C felony."
556	556	"§13A-12-193
557	557	(a) In proving that a person an individual in a visual
558	558	depiction who is engaged in any obscene act set out in
559	559	Sections 13A-12-191, 13A-12-192, 13A-12-196 and 13A-12-197
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590	590	this division is under the age of 17 18 years of age, the
591	591	state is not required to introduce into evidence a birth
592	592	certificate, produce testimony as to the date of birth of such
593	593	personthe individual, or produce testimony of any person who
594	594	knows or is acquainted with the person individual alleged to
595	595	be under the age of 17 18 years of age. If the defendant or
596	596	the state intends to rely on a birth certificate to prove the
597	597	date of birth of any person individual in the visually
598	598	reproduced matter, such the defendant or the state shall file
599	599	with the clerk of the court in which the action is pending, at
600	600	least 15 days prior to trial, a notice of an intention to rely
601	601	on an official, certified copy of a birth certificate together
602	602	with a copy of the birth certificate.
603	603	(b) A jury, or the court if a jury trial is waived, The
604	604	factfinder may infer from the following factors whether or not
605	605	the person individual displayed or depicted in any obscene
606	606	matter is under the age of 17 18 years of age:
607	607	(1) The general body growth and bone structure of the
608	608	person;individual.
609	609	(2) The development of pubic hair or body hair on the
610	610	person;individual.
611	611	(3) The development of the person's individual's sexual
612	612	organs;.
613	613	(4) The context in which the person individual is
614	614	placed by any accompanying printed or text material ;.
615	615	(5) Any expert testimony as to the degree of maturity
616	616	of the personindividual.
617	617	(c) The existence of any or all of the factors listed
618	618	in subsection (b) of this section shall not operate to change
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648	648	in subsection (b) of this section shall not operate to change
649	649	the requirement that before any conviction may be had, the
650	650	state must convince the factfinder beyond a reasonable doubt
651	651	that the person individual engaged in the act of
652	652	sado-masochistic abuse, sexual intercourse, sexual excitement,
653	653	masturbation, breast nudity, genital nudity, or other sexual
654	654	conduct in the visual depiction depicted in the child sexual
655	655	abuse material is under the age of 17 18 years of age.
656	656	(d) If the factfinder is convinced beyond a reasonable
657	657	doubt that the face or likeness of an individual under 18
658	658	years of age is depicted in any obscene act set out in this
659	659	division, the factfinder shall treat that material as child
660	660	sexual abuse material, regardless of whether any of the other
661	661	physical characteristics depicted do not correspond with the
662	662	individual's actual physical characteristics. "
663	663	"§13A-12-194
664	664	The state shall not be required to establish the
665	665	identity, either in the indictment or in any subsequent
666	666	proceeding, of the person individual alleged to be under the
667	667	age of 17 18 years of age who is engaged in any of the acts
668	668	described in Sections 13A-12-191, 13A-12-192, 13A-12-196 and
669	669	13A-12-197this division, which are visual depiction."
670	670	"§13A-12-196
671	671	Any parent or guardian who knowingly permits or allows
672	672	their child, ward, or dependent under the age of 17 18 years
673	673	of age to engage in the production of any obscene matter child
674	674	sexual abuse material containing a visual depiction of such
675	675	the child, ward, or dependent under the age of 17 years
676	676	engaged in any act of sado-masochistic abuse, sexual
677	677	309
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706	706	engaged in any act of sado-masochistic abuse, sexual
707	707	excitement, masturbation, breast nudity, genital nudity, or
708	708	other sexual conduct shall be guilty of a Class A felony."
709	709	"§13A-12-197
710	710	(a) Any person who knowingly films, prints, records,
711	711	photographs, or otherwise produces any obscene matter that
712	712	contains a visual depiction of a person under the age of 17
713	713	years engaged in any act of sado-masochistic abuse, sexual
714	714	intercourse, sexual excitement, masturbation, breast nudity,
715	715	genital nudity, or other sexual conduct child sexual abuse
716	716	material shall be guilty of a Class A felony.
717	717	(b) For any person who violates this section, each
718	718	depiction of each individual less than 17 years of age
719	719	instance of child sexual abuse material constitutes a separate
720	720	offense."
721	721	"§13A-12-198
722	722	Any article, equipment, machine, materials, matter,
723	723	vehicle, or other thing whatsoever used in the commercial
724	724	production, transportation, dissemination, display , or storage
725	725	of any obscene matter displaying or depicting a person under
726	726	the age of 17 years engaged in any of the obscene acts
727	727	described in Sections 13A-12-191, 13A-12-192, 13A-12-196 and
728	728	13A-12-197 child sexual abuse material shall be contraband and
729	729	shall be forfeited to the State of Alabama. The manner,
730	730	method, and procedure for the forfeiture and condemnation of
731	731	such thing shall be the same as that provided by law for the
732	732	confiscation or, condemnation, or forfeiture of automobiles,
733	733	conveyances, or vehicles in which alcoholic beverages are
734	734	illegally transported."
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764	764	illegally transported."
765	765	Section 2. Although this bill would have as its purpose
766	766	or effect the requirement of a new or increased expenditure of
767	767	local funds, the bill is excluded from further requirements
768	768	and application under Section 111.05 of the Constitution of
769	769	Alabama of 2022, because the bill defines a new crime or
770	770	amends the definition of an existing crime.
771	771	Section 3. This act shall become effective on October
772	772	1, 2024.
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775	775	367
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778	778	370
779	779	371
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