Alabama 2025 Regular Session

Alabama House Bill HB80 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

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1	1	HB80INTRODUCED
2	2	Page 0
3	3	HB80
4	4	WM679EE-1
5	5	By Representative Brown
6	6	RFD: Judiciary
7	7	First Read: 04-Feb-25
8	8	PFD: 06-Jan-25
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14	14	6 WM679EE-1 12/17/2024 CMH (L)CMH 2024-2894
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16	16	PFD: 06-Jan-25
17	17	SYNOPSIS:
18	18	Under existing law, human trafficking in the
19	19	first degree is a crime committed when a person: (i)
20	20	subjects an individual to labor servitude or sexual
21	21	servitude, (ii) when a person obtains, recruits,
22	22	solicits, induces, threatens, restrains, transports, or
23	23	provides a minor for the purpose of causing the minor
24	24	to engage in sexual servitude, or (iii) knowingly gives
25	25	monetary consideration to engage in any sexual conduct
26	26	with a minor. Human trafficking in the first degree is
27	27	a Class A felony.
28	28	Under existing law, human trafficking in the
29	29	second degree is a crime committed when a person: (i)
30	30	knowingly benefits from participation in a venture or
31	31	engagement for the purpose of sexual servitude or labor
32	32	servitude, (ii) knowingly recruits, entices, solicits,
33	33	harbors, transports, restrains, or provides another
34	34	individual for the purpose of labor servitude or sexual
35	35	servitude; or (iii) obstructs the enforcement of the
36	36	human trafficking laws. Human trafficking in the second
37	37	degree is a Class B felony.
38	38	This bill would further provide for the crime of
39	39	human trafficking in the second degree by specifying
40	40	that the crime is committed by any person who aids
41	41	another in the commission of a human trafficking
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71	71	another in the commission of a human trafficking
72	72	offense, hinders the prosecution of a human trafficking
73	73	offense, or provides material support or resources in
74	74	the furtherance of human trafficking.
75	75	This bill would further provide for restitution
76	76	awarded to a victim of human trafficking in the first
77	77	or second degree.
78	78	Also under existing law, a victim of human
79	79	trafficking in the first or second degree may file a
80	80	civil action against a person who trafficked the
81	81	victim.
82	82	This bill would also further provide for the
83	83	award of damages in a civil human trafficking action.
84	84	A BILL
85	85	TO BE ENTITLED
86	86	AN ACT
87	87	Relating to human trafficking; to amend Sections
88	88	13A-6-151, 13A-6-153, 13A-6-155, 13A-6-156, 13A-6-157, and
89	89	13A-6-158, Code of Alabama 1975, to further provide for the
90	90	crime of human trafficking; to further provide for an award of
91	91	restitution; to further provide for civil actions for human
92	92	trafficking and the award of damages; and to add Section
93	93	13A-6-157.2 to the Code of Alabama 1975, to further provide
94	94	for issue preclusion in a civil human trafficking action under
95	95	certain conditions.
96	96	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
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126	126	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
127	127	Section 1. Sections 13A-6-151, 13A-6-153, 13A-6-155,
128	128	13A-6-156, 13A-6-157, and 13A-6-158, Code of Alabama 1975, are
129	129	amended to read as follows:
130	130	"§13A-6-151
131	131	As used in this article, the following terms have the
132	132	following, or any combination of the following, meanings
133	133	ascribed to them by this section:
134	134	(1) AID. Raises, solicits, collects, or provides
135	135	material support or resources with the intent that such will
136	136	be used, in whole or in part, to plan, prepare, carry out, or
137	137	otherwise assist another.
138	138	(1)(2)COERCE or COERCION. Any of the following:
139	139	a. Causing or threatening to cause physical injury or
140	140	mental suffering to any person, physically restraining or
141	141	confining any person, or threatening to physically restrain or
142	142	confine any person or otherwise causing the person performing
143	143	or providing labor or services to believe that the person or
144	144	another person will suffer physical injury, mental suffering,
145	145	physical restraint, or confinement.
146	146	b. Implementing any scheme, plan, or pattern intended
147	147	to cause a person to believe that failure to perform an act
148	148	would result in physical injury, mental suffering, or physical
149	149	restraint of any person.
150	150	c. Destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, or
151	151	withholding from the person or another person, or threatening
152	152	to destroy, conceal, remove, confiscate, or withhold from the
153	153	person or another person, the person's or any person's actual
154	154	or purported government records, immigration documents,
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184	184	or purported government records, immigration documents,
185	185	identifying information, or personal or real property.
186	186	d. Exposing or threatening to expose any fact or
187	187	information that if revealed would tend to subject a person to
188	188	criminal prosecution, criminal or immigration proceedings,
189	189	hatred, contempt, or ridicule.
190	190	e. Threatening to report the person or another person
191	191	to immigration officials or to other law enforcement officials
192	192	or otherwise blackmailing or extorting the person or another
193	193	person.
194	194	f. Use or threatened use of a law or legal process,
195	195	whether administrative, civil, or criminal, in any manner for
196	196	any purpose for which the law was not designed, in order to
197	197	exert pressure on another person to cause that person or
198	198	another person to take some action or refrain from taking some
199	199	action.
200	200	g. Controlling a person's access to medications or a
201	201	controlled substance, as the term is defined in Section
202	202	20-2-2.
203	203	h. Rape, sodomy, or any other sex offense pursuant to
204	204	Section 15-20A-5, or attempted or threatened rape, sodomy, or
205	205	any other sex offense pursuant to Section 15-20A-5 of any
206	206	person.
207	207	(2)(3) DECEPTION. Any of the following:
208	208	a. Creating or confirming an impression of any existing
209	209	fact or past event which is false and which the accused knows
210	210	or believes to be false.
211	211	b. Exerting financial control over the person or
212	212	another person by placing the person or another person under
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242	242	another person by placing the person or another person under
243	243	the actor's control as a security or payment of a debt, if the
244	244	value of the services as reasonably assessed is not applied
245	245	toward the liquidation of the debt or the length and nature of
246	246	those services are not respectively limited and defined or the
247	247	principal amount of the debt does not reasonably reflect the
248	248	value of the items or services for which debt was incurred or
249	249	by preventing a person from acquiring information pertinent to
250	250	the disposition of the debt, referenced in this paragraph.
251	251	c. Promising benefits or the performance of services
252	252	that the accused does not intend to be delivered. Evidence of
253	253	failure to deliver benefits or perform services standing alone
254	254	shall not be sufficient to authorize a conviction under this
255	255	article.
256	256	d. Using any scheme, plan, or pattern, whether overt or
257	257	subtle, intended to cause any person to believe that, if the
258	258	person did not perform such labor, services, acts, or
259	259	performances, the person or another person would suffer
260	260	physical injury or mental suffering.
261	261	(4) HINDERS PROSECUTION. Any of the following:
262	262	a. Harbors or conceals a person whom who the defendant
263	263	knows or should have known is a trafficking victim or a
264	264	violator of this article.
265	265	b. Warns another individual of an impending arrest or
266	266	apprehension or otherwise aids the person in avoiding arrest
267	267	or apprehension from law enforcement.
268	268	c. Suppresses or conceals any physical evidence that
269	269	the defendant knows or should have known would aid in the
270	270	discovery, arrest, or apprehension of a trafficking victim or
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300	300	discovery, arrest, or apprehension of a trafficking victim or
301	301	a violator of this article.
302	302	d. Obstructs, interferes with, or prevents the
303	303	enforcement of this article.
304	304	(3)(5) LABOR SERVITUDE. Work or service of economic or
305	305	financial value which is performed or provided by another
306	306	person and is induced or obtained by coercion or deception.
307	307	(6) MATERIAL SUPPORT OR RESOURCES. Currency or other
308	308	financial securities, financial services, instruments of
309	309	value, lodging, training, safehouses, false documentation or
310	310	identification, communications equipment, computer equipment
311	311	or software, facilities, weapons, intoxicating substances,
312	312	personnel, transportation, or other physical assets. The term
313	313	does not include the provision of medical attention by a
314	314	licensed health care provider or religious materials.
315	315	(4)(7) MENTAL SUFFERING. A high degree of mental pain
316	316	or emotional disturbances, such as distress, anxiety, public
317	317	humiliation, or psychosomatic physical symptoms. It is more
318	318	than mere disappointment, anger, resentment, wounded pride, or
319	319	embarrassment and must be a direct result of the crime of
320	320	human trafficking.
321	321	(5)(8) MINOR. A person under the age of 19 years of
322	322	age.
323	323	(6)(9) PHYSICAL INJURY. Impairment of physical
324	324	condition or substantial pain.
325	325	(7)(10) SEXUAL CONDUCT. Any of the following acts:
326	326	a. Sexual Intercourse. This term shall have its
327	327	ordinary meaning and occurs upon a penetration, however
328	328	slight; emission is not required.
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358	358	slight; emission is not required.
359	359	b. Sodomy. As defined under Section 13A-6-60.
360	360	c. Sexual Contact. As defined under Section 13A-6-60.
361	361	d. Sexual Torture. As defineddescribed under Section
362	362	13A-6-65.1.
363	363	e. Sexually Explicit Performances. An act or show
364	364	intended to arouse, satisfy the sexual desires of, or appeal
365	365	to the prurient interests of patrons or viewers, whether
366	366	public or private, live, photographed, recorded, videotaped,
367	367	or projected over the Internet.
368	368	f. Commercial Sex Acts. Any sex act on account of which
369	369	anything of value is given, promised to, or received, directly
370	370	or indirectly, by any person.
371	371	(8)(11) SEXUAL SERVITUDE.
372	372	a. Except as provided in paragraph b., any sexual
373	373	conduct for which anything of value is directly or indirectly
374	374	given, promised to, or received by any person, which conduct
375	375	is induced or obtained by coercion or deception from a person.
376	376	b. If the sexual conduct is with a minor or with any
377	377	person who is incapable of consent by reason of being
378	378	incapacitated, as defined in Section 13A-6-60, no coercion or
379	379	deception is required.
380	380	(9)(12) TRAFFICKING VICTIM. Any person, including
381	381	minors, subjected to labor servitude, sexual servitude, or
382	382	involuntary servitude."
383	383	"§13A-6-153
384	384	(a) A person commits the crime of human trafficking in
385	385	the second degree if the person knowingly does any of the
386	386	following:
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416	416	following:
417	417	(1) A person knowingly benefits, Benefits financially or
418	418	by receivingreceives anything of value , from participation in
419	419	a venture or engagement for the purpose of sexual servitude or
420	420	labor servitude.
421	421	(2) A person knowingly recruits Recruits, entices,
422	422	solicits, induces, harbors, transports, holds, restrains,
423	423	provides, maintains, subjects, or obtains by any means another
424	424	personindividual for the purpose of labor servitude or sexual
425	425	servitude.
426	426	(3) Provides aid to another in furtherance of a
427	427	violation of this article.
428	428	(4) Provides material support or resources to another
429	429	in furtherance of a violation of this article.
430	430	(5) Hinders prosecution of a violation of this article.
431	431	(3)(b) A corporation, or any other legal entity other
432	432	than an individual, may be prosecuted for human trafficking in
433	433	the second degree for an act or omission only if an agent of
434	434	the corporation or entity performs the conduct which is an
435	435	element of the crime while acting within the scope of his or
436	436	her office or employment and on behalf of the corporation or
437	437	entity, and the commission of the crime was either authorized,
438	438	requested, commanded, performed, or within the scope of the
439	439	person's employment on behalf of the corporation or entity or
440	440	constituted a pattern of conduct that an agent of the
441	441	corporation or entity knew or should have known was occurring.
442	442	(4) Any person who obstructs, or attempts to obstruct,
443	443	or in any way interferes with or prevents the enforcement of
444	444	this section shall be guilty of a Class B felony.
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474	474	this section shall be guilty of a Class B felony.
475	475	(b)(c) Human trafficking in the second degree is a
476	476	Class B felony."
477	477	"§13A-6-155
478	478	(a) A person or entity convicted of Upon conviction for
479	479	any violation of this article , the defendant shall be ordered
480	480	to pay mandatory restitution to the trafficking victim,
481	481	prosecutorial, or law enforcement entity, with the . Any
482	482	proceeds from property forfeited under Section 13A-6-156 shall
483	483	applied first be applied to payment of restitution.
484	484	Restitution under this section shall include itemsall of the
485	485	following:
486	486	(1) Any item covered under Article 4A , commencing with
487	487	Section 15-18-65 of Chapter 18 of Title 15 , and any of the
488	488	following:.
489	489	(1)(2) Costs of medical and psychological treatment,
490	490	including physical and occupational therapy and
491	491	rehabilitation, at the court's discretion .
492	492	(2)(3) Costs of necessary transportation, temporary
493	493	housing, and child care , at the court's discretion .
494	494	(3) Cost of the investigation and prosecution,
495	495	attorney's fees, and other court-related costs such as victim
496	496	advocate fees.(4) Any pecuniary damages or loss to the
497	497	trafficking victim ordered pursuant to a hearing held as
498	498	provided in Section 15-18-67.
499	499	(4)(5) The greater of:a.(i) the value of the human
500	500	trafficking victim's labor as guaranteed under the minimum
501	501	wage and overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act;
502	502	or b.(ii) the gross income or value to the defendant of the
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532	532	or b.(ii) the gross income or value to the defendant of the
533	533	victim's labor servitude or sexual servitude engaged in by the
534	534	victim while in the human trafficking situation.
535	535	(5)(6) Return of a trafficking victim's property, cost
536	536	of damage to property, or full value of property if destroyed
537	537	or damaged beyond repair.
538	538	(6)(7) Expenses incurred by a victim and any household
539	539	members or other family members in relocating away from the
540	540	defendant or his or her associates, including, but not limited
541	541	to, deposits for utilities and telephone service, deposits for
542	542	rental housing, temporary lodging and food expenses, clothing,
543	543	and personal items. Expenses incurred pursuant to this section
544	544	shall be verified by law enforcement to be necessary for the
545	545	personal safety of the victim or household or family members,
546	546	or by a mental health treatment provider to be necessary for
547	547	the emotional well-being of the victim.
548	548	(7)(8) Any and all other losses suffered by the
549	549	trafficking victim as a result of any violation of this
550	550	article.
551	551	(b) For purposes of this section, the return of the
552	552	trafficking victim to his or her home country or other absence
553	553	of the trafficking victim from the jurisdiction shall not
554	554	prevent the trafficking victim from receiving restitution.
555	555	(c) In addition to restitution ordered under subsection
556	556	(a), upon petition by the district attorney and approval of
557	557	the amounts by the court, the court shall order the defendant
558	558	to pay restitution to the primary investigative and
559	559	prosecutorial entities for any legitimate cost incurred in the
560	560	course of the investigation and prosecution. "
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590	590	course of the investigation and prosecution. "
591	591	"§13A-6-156
592	592	(a) A person who commits the offense of human
593	593	trafficking in the first degree or human trafficking in the
594	594	second degree shall forfeit to the State of Alabama any
595	595	profits or proceeds and any real or personal property or
596	596	interest in property that he or she has acquired or maintained
597	597	that the sentencing court determines to have been acquired or
598	598	maintained as a result of or in association with committing
599	599	human trafficking in the first degree or human trafficking in
600	600	the second degree the offense.
601	601	(b) Any proceeds realized from any assets seized shall
602	602	first be used to be distributed in the following order of
603	603	priority:
604	604	(1) To pay restitution to trafficking victims and
605	605	subsequently to.
606	606	(2) To pay any damages awarded to trafficking victims
607	607	in a civil action pursuant to Section 13A-6-157 . Any remaining
608	608	assets shall go toward
609	609	(3) To pay the cost of the investigation and
610	610	prosecution and the remaining assets shall .
611	611	(4) To be remitted to funding the Alabama Crime Victims
612	612	Compensation Fund."
613	613	"§13A-6-157
614	614	(a) An individual who is a victim of any human
615	615	trafficking offense under this article may bring a civil
616	616	action in the appropriate state court.
617	617	(b) Venue for any action brought under this section
618	618	shall be in the county in which the offense was committed or
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648	648	shall be in the county in which the offense was committed or
649	649	in any other county into or through which the person upon whom
650	650	it was committed may have been victim was carried in the
651	651	commission of the offense. If venue is proper in more than one
652	652	county, venue shall be in either county.
653	653	(c) The court may shall award actualall of the
654	654	following to a prevailing plaintiff:
655	655	(1) Actual damages, compensatory.
656	656	(2) Compensatory damages, punitive.
657	657	(3) Punitive damages, of not less than three times the
658	658	amount of actual damages.
659	659	(4) Damages for noneconomic loss, including, but not
660	660	limited to, damages or loss due to pain, suffering,
661	661	inconvenience, physical impairment, physical disfigurement,
662	662	loss of society and companionship, and loss of consortium.
663	663	(5) Attorney fees, court costs, costs of investigation,
664	664	and costs of litigation reasonably incurred in the trial and
665	665	appellate courts.
666	666	(6) Any injunctive relief , and any or other appropriate
667	667	relief. A prevailing plaintiff shall also be awarded
668	668	attorney's fees and costs.
669	669	(7) Treble damages shall be awarded on proof of actual
670	670	damages where defendant's acts were willful and malicious.
671	671	(d) The court shall award a prevailing plaintiff
672	672	attorney's fees and costs.
673	673	(d) When two or more persons are liable for one or more
674	674	violations under this article, each person shall be liable
675	675	jointly and severally for all damages, attorney fees, and
676	676	other costs awarded under this section.
677	677	309
678	678	310
679	679	311
680	680	312
681	681	313
682	682	314
683	683	315
684	684	316
685	685	317
686	686	318
687	687	319
688	688	320
689	689	321
690	690	322
691	691	323
692	692	324
693	693	325
694	694	326
695	695	327
696	696	328
697	697	329
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700	700	332
701	701	333
702	702	334
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706	706	other costs awarded under this section.
707	707	(e) Upon commencement of any action brought under this
708	708	section, the clerk of the court shall mail a copy of the
709	709	complaint or other initial pleading to the office of the
710	710	Attorney General and, upon entry of any injunction, judgment,
711	711	or decree in the action, shall mail a copy of the injunction,
712	712	judgment, or decree to the office of the Attorney General.
713	713	(f) This section does not preclude any other remedy
714	714	available to the victim under federal law or the laws of this
715	715	state."
716	716	"§13A-6-158
717	717	(a)(1) Except as provided in subsection (c), an action
718	718	for an offense defined by this article where the victim is not
719	719	a minor shall be brought within five years from the date the
720	720	victim was removed or escaped from the human trafficking
721	721	situation.
722	722	(2) Any statute of limitations that would otherwise
723	723	preclude prosecution for an offense involving the trafficking
724	724	of a minor, or the physical or sexual abuse of a minor, shall
725	725	be tolled until such time as the victim has reached the age of
726	726	19 years of age.
727	727	(3) The running of the statute of limitations shall be
728	728	suspended where a personvictim entitled to bring a claim of an
729	729	offense defined by this article could not have reasonably
730	730	discovered the crime due to circumstances resulting from the
731	731	human trafficking situation, such as psychological trauma,
732	732	cultural and linguistic isolation, and the inability to access
733	733	services.
734	734	(b) Any statute of limitation period imposed for the
735	735	337
736	736	338
737	737	339
738	738	340
739	739	341
740	740	342
741	741	343
742	742	344
743	743	345
744	744	346
745	745	347
746	746	348
747	747	349
748	748	350
749	749	351
750	750	352
751	751	353
752	752	354
753	753	355
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764	764	(b) Any statute of limitation period imposed for the
765	765	filing of a civil action under this article will not begin to
766	766	run until the plaintiff discovers both that the sex trade act
767	767	occurred and that the defendant caused, was responsible for,
768	768	or profited from the sex trade act.
769	769	(1) If the plaintiff is a minor, then the limitation
770	770	period will not commence running until he or she has reached
771	771	the age of majority.
772	772	(2) If the plaintiff is under a disability at the time
773	773	the cause of action accrues, so that it is impossible or
774	774	impractical for him or her to bring an action, then the time
775	775	of the disability is not part of the time limited for the
776	776	commencement of the action. Disability includes, but is not
777	777	limited to, insanity, imprisonment, or other incapacity or
778	778	incompetence.
779	779	(3) If the plaintiff's injury is caused by two or more
780	780	acts that are part of a continuing series of sex trade acts by
781	781	the same defendant, then the limitation period will not
782	782	commence running until the last sex trade act in the
783	783	continuing series occurs.
784	784	(4) If the plaintiff is subject to threats,
785	785	intimidation, manipulation, or fraud perpetrated by the
786	786	defendant or by any person acting in the interest of the
787	787	defendant, then the time when these acts occur will not be
788	788	part of the time limited for the commencement of this action.
789	789	(5) If the defendant is subject to criminal prosecution
790	790	for a violation of this article, the limitations period will
791	791	not run until the prosecution is concluded.
792	792	(c) There shall be no limitation period for civil
793	793	365
794	794	366
795	795	367
796	796	368
797	797	369
798	798	370
799	799	371
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821	821	Page 15
822	822	(c) There shall be no limitation period for civil
823	823	actions brought under this article by the Attorney General."
824	824	Section 2. Section 13A-6-157.2 is added to the Code of
825	825	Alabama 1975, to read as follows:
826	826	§13A-6-157.2
827	827	A final judgment or decree rendered in favor of the
828	828	state in any criminal prosecution under this article shall
829	829	preclude the defendant from denying the essential facts
830	830	established in that proceeding in any subsequent civil action
831	831	against the defendant.
832	832	Section 3. This act shall become effective on October
833	833	1, 2025.
834	834	393
835	835	394
836	836	395
837	837	396
838	838	397
839	839	398
840	840	399
841	841	400
842	842	401
843	843	402
844	844	403