| 69 | | - | Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Arizona: Section 1. Title 12, Arizona Revised Statutes, is amended by adding chapter 28, to read: CHAPTER 28 LITIGATION FINANCING ARTICLE 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS START_STATUTE12-3451. Definitions In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: 1. "Action" means a civil action, administrative proceeding, claim or other cause of action. 2. "FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN" INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING: (a) A FOREIGN GOVERNMENT LISTED IN 15 CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS SECTION 791.4. (b) A COUNTRY DESIGNATED AS A THREAT TO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR THE GOVERNOR. 3. "FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN" MEANS A PARTNERSHIP, ASSOCIATION, CORPORATION, ORGANIZATION OR OTHER COMBINATION OF PERSONS that meets any of the following: (a) is ORGANIZED OR INCORPORATED IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN. (b) is OWNED OR CONTROLLED BY THE GOVERNMENT, A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OR A POLITICAL PARTY OF A FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN. (c) has A PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN. (d) is OWNED, ORGANIZED OR CONTROLLED BY or affiliated with A FOREIGN ORGANIZATION THAT HAS either been: (i) plACED ON THE FEDERAL OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL SPECIALLY DESIGNATED NATIONALS AND BLOCKED PERSONS LIST. (ii) DESIGNATED BY THE UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF STATE AS A FOREIGN TERRORIST ORGANIZATION. 4. "Licensed health care provider" has the same meaning prescribed in section 12-561. 5. "Litigation financier" means a person that has entered into a litigation financing agreement with a party to an action or counsel of record for a party to an action. 6. "Litigation financing agreement" or "litigation financing" means any agreement CREATING A RIGHT TO RECEIVE PAYMENT BY ANYONE WHICH IS CONTINGENT IN ANY RESPECT ON THE OUTCOME OF AN ACTION OR ON THE OUTCOME OF ANY MATTER WITHIN A PORTFOLIO THAT INCLUDES THE ACTION AND that INVOLVES THE SAME COUNSEL OR AFFILIATED COUNSEL, BUT EXCLUDING the following: (a) A named party to the action if payments made to the named party are provided exclusively for personal and family use and are provided on condition that they are not to be used for legal filings, legal document preparation and drafting, appeals, creation of a litigation strategy, drafting testimony or other expenses directly related to litigation. (b) A counsel of record for legal services provided on a contingency fee basis or advanced legal costs provided by counsel of record, where the services or costs are provided by a legal counsel of record in accordance with the rules of professional conduct adopted by the supreme court. (c) A person with a preexisting contractual obligation to indemnify or defend a party to the action or a health insurer who has paid or is obligated to pay any sums for health care services rendered to an injured person under the terms of a health insurance policy, plan or agreement. (d) A financial institution, as defined in section 6-101, for repayment of loans made directly to a party or a party's counsel when repayment of the loan is not contingent on the outcome of an action by settlement, judgment or otherwise or on the outcome of any matter within a portfolio that includes the action and involves the same counsel or affiliated counsel. (e) Funding that is provided to a nonprofit organization, whether as a party or on behalf of a client or member of the organization, and irrespective of whether the nonprofit organization seeks an award of costs or attorney fees in providing pro bono representation. (f) funding provided by a nonprofit organization that is exempt from taxation under 501(c)(3) of the United States internal revenue code, by grant or otherwise, to support the pursuit of litigation. (g) a person providing funding to a medical practice or facility solely for its receivables. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3452. Preserving consumer control and recoveries A. A litigation financier may not direct or make any decisions with respect to the course of any action that is subject to a litigation financing agreement or any settlement or other disposition thereof, including decisions concerning appointing or changing counsel, choice of or use of expert witnesses and litigation strategy. The named party and counsel of record shall retain all rights to control and decision-making with regard to the action. B. In a class action litigation, the court shall consider the existence of litigation financing and any related conflicts of interest when determining whether a class representative or class counsel would adequately and fairly represent the interests of the class. C. In multidistrict litigation, the court shall consider the existence of litigation financing and any related conflicts of interest when approving or appointing counsel to leadership positions. For the purposes of this subsection, "leadership positions" means any lead counsel, colead counsel, common benefit counsel, steering committee membership, executive committee membership and other similar positions or roles. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3453. Prohibited conduct a. A litigation financier may not Pay or offer to pay a commission, referral fee or other consideration to legal counsel, a law firm or a licensed health care provider, for referring a person to the litigation financier. B. A LITIGATION FINANCIER MAY NOT PROVIDE FUNDING TO OR IN CONNECTION WITH A LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT THAT IS DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FINANCED BY A FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3454. Required disclosures A. Except as otherwise stipulated or ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction, a party to an action or the party's counsel of record, without awaiting a discovery request and within thirty days after commencement of the action, shall DISCLOSE TO EACH OTHER PARTY TO THE ACTION AND TO ANY KNOWN PERSON, INCLUDING AN INSURER, WITH A PREEXISTING CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION TO INDEMNIFY OR DEFEND A PARTY TO THE ACTION THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: 1. WHETHER THE PARTY OR ITS COUNSEL OF RECORD HAS ENTERED INTO A LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT. 2. THE NAME OF THE LITIGATION FINANCIER. B. THE DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION ARE CONTINUING OBLIGATIONS AND ARE TRIGGERED ON ANY PARTY OR THE PARTY'S LEGAL COUNSEL OF RECORD ENTERING INTO A NEW LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT OR AMENDING AN EXISTING LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT. C. ON RECEIPT OF THE DISCLOSURES REQUIRED BY SUBSECTION A OF THIS SECTION, ANY PARTY TO THE ACTION MAY MAKE APPLICATION TO THE COURT OVERSEEING THE ACTION FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING THE LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT, INCLUDING REQUESTING AN IN CAMERA REVIEW OF THE LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT, IF the PARTY has a belief that is either reasonable or supported with a factual basis THAT THE EXISTENCE OF THE LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT, THE LITIGATION FINANCIER OR ANY OWNER OR INVESTOR IN THE LITIGATION FINANCIER MAY NEGATIVELY IMPACT the PARTY'S RIGHTS OR INTERESTS IN THE ACTION OR the PARTY'S PROPRIETARY INFORMATION. A PARTY TO AN ACTION MAY SEEK DISCOVERY CONCERNING any of the following: 1. WHETHER ANY OWNER OR INVESTOR IN THE LITIGATION FINANCIER IS A FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN OR A FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN. 2. WHETHER THE LITIGATION FINANCIER IS A HEDGE FUND OR WHETHER ANY OWNER OR INVESTOR IN THE LITIGATION FINANCIER IS A HEDGE FUND OR WHETHER THE LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT IS PART OF A PORTFOLIO OR SIMILAR POOLED FINANCING ARRANGEMENT. 3. WHETHER THERE ARE ANY PROVISIONS IN THE LITIGATION FINANCING AGREEMENT ALLOWING FOR CONTROL, DIRECTION OR INFLUENCE OVER THE ACTION. D. ALL OF THE DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION APPLY TO CLASS ACTIONS AND MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3455. Violations; enforcement A. A litigation financing agreement that is entered into in violation of this chapter is voidable. B. A litigation financier who violates section 12-3452 or 12-3453 commits an unlawful practice under section 44-1522. C. The court shall determine sanctions for any party that fails to make the disclosures required by section 12-3454. An evasive or incomplete disclosure shall be treated as a failure to make the required disclosure. END_STATUTE Sec. 2. Applicability This act applies to any civil action, administrative proceeding, claim or cause of action that is pending or commenced on or after the effective date of this act. Sec. 3. Effective date This act is effective from and after December 31, 2025. |
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| 78 | + | Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Arizona: Section 1. Title 12, Arizona Revised Statutes, is amended by adding chapter 28, to read: CHAPTER 28 LITIGATION FINANCING ARTICLE 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS START_STATUTE12-3451. Definitions In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: 1. "Action" means a civil action, administrative proceeding, claim or other cause of action. 2. "Consumer" or "funded consumer" means any person who has entered into a litigation financing agreement or whose recovery or outcome in an action is affected by or subject to a litigation financing agreement. 3. "Foreign person" means a person that is not any of the following: (a) A citizen of the United States. (b) An alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States. (c) An unincorporated association with a majority number of members of which are citizens of the United States or aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States. (d) A corporation, limited liability company, partnership, society or other business entity that was formed or incorporated in the United States. 4. "Foreign principal" means any of the following: (a) The government or a government official of any country other than the United States. (b) A political subdivision or political party of a country other than the United States. (c) A partnership, association, corporation, organization or other combination of persons organized under the laws or having its principal place of business in a country other than the United States whose shares or other ownership interest is owned by the government or a government official of a country other than the United States or owned by a political subdivision or political party of a country other than the United States. 5. "Licensed health care provider" has the same meaning prescribed in section 12-561. 6. "Litigation financier" means a person that has entered into a litigation financing agreement with a party to an action or counsel of record for a party to an action. 7. "Litigation financing agreement" or "litigation financing" means any agreement where a person provides financing, funding, advancing or loaning of money to pay for fees, costs, expenses or any other sums arising from or in any manner related to an action in exchange for the right to receive repayment, interest, fees or other consideration that cumulatively exceeds the amount of money given by the person and that is contingent in any respect on the outcome of an action or on the outcome of any matter within a portfolio that includes the action and involves the same counsel or affiliated counsel, but excluding any of the following loans, agreements, contracts or arrangements entered into with or by: (a) A named party to the action if payments made to the named party are provided exclusively for personal and family use and are provided on condition that they are not to be used for legal filings, legal document preparation and drafting, appeals, creation of a litigation strategy, drafting testimony or other expenses directly related to litigation. (b) A counsel of record for legal services provided on a contingency fee basis or advanced legal costs provided by counsel of record, where the services or costs are provided by a legal counsel of record in accordance with the rules of professional conduct adopted by the supreme court. (c) A person with a preexisting contractual obligation to indemnify or defend a party to the action or a health insurer who has paid or is obligated to pay any sums for health care services rendered to an injured person under the terms of a health insurance policy, plan or agreement. (d) A financial institution, as defined in section 6-101, for repayment of loans made directly to a party or a party's counsel when repayment of the loan is not contingent on the outcome of an action by settlement, judgment or otherwise or on the outcome of any matter within a portfolio that includes the action and involves the same counsel or affiliated counsel. (e) Funding that is provided to a nonprofit organization, if the nonprofit organization uses the funding to seek relief other than compensatory damages in excess of $100,000 or punitive damages, whether as a party or on behalf of a client or member of the organization, and irrespective of whether the nonprofit organization seeks an award of costs or attorney fees in providing pro bono representation. (f) funding provided by a nonprofit organization that is exempt from taxation under 501(c)(3) of the United States internal revenue code, by grant or otherwise, to support the pursuit of litigation that does not seek compensatory damages in excess of $100,000 or punitive damages. (g) a person providing funding to a medical practice or facility solely for its receivables. 8. "National security interests" means those interests that encompass national defense, foreign intelligence and counterintelligence, international and internal security and foreign relations of the United States. 9. "Proprietary information" means information that is developed, created or discovered by a person or that became known by or was conveyed to the person, that has commercial value in the person's business, including domain names, trade secrets, copyrights, ideas, techniques, inventions, whether patentable or not, and other information of any type relating to designs, configurations, documentation, recorded data, schematics, circuits, mask works, layouts, source code, object code, master works, master databases, algorithms, flow charts, formulae, works of authorship, mechanisms, research, manufacture, improvements, assembly, installation, intellectual property, including patents and patent applications, and information concerning the person's actual or anticipated business, research or development or that is received in confidence by or for the person from any other source. 10. "Sovereign wealth fund" means an investment fund that is owned or controlled by a foreign principal or an agent of a foreign principal. 11. "Trade secrets" has the same meaning prescribed in section 44-401. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3452. Preserving consumer control and recoveries A. A litigation financier may not direct or make any decisions with respect to the course of any action that is subject to a litigation financing agreement or any settlement or other disposition thereof, including decisions concerning appointing or changing counsel, choice of or use of expert witnesses and litigation strategy. The named party and counsel of record shall retain all rights to control and decision-making with regard to the action. B. A litigation financier may not, directly or indirectly, receive a larger share of the proceeds of an action than the named parties to the action that is subject to a litigation financing agreement. C. In a class action litigation, the court shall consider the existence of litigation financing and any related conflicts of interest when determining whether a class representative or class counsel would adequately and fairly represent the interests of the class. D. In multidistrict litigation, the court shall consider the existence of litigation financing and any related conflicts of interest when approving or appointing counsel to leadership positions. For the purposes of this subsection, "leadership positions" means any lead counsel, colead counsel, common benefit counsel, steering committee membership, executive committee membership and other similar positions or roles. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3453. Prohibited conduct A litigation financier may not do any of the following: 1. Pay or offer to pay a commission, referral fee or other consideration to any person, including legal counsel, a law firm or a licensed health care provider, for referring a person to the litigation financier. 2. Assign, including securitizing, a litigation financing agreement in whole or in part. 3. Be assigned rights to an action that is subject to a litigation financing agreement to which that litigation financier is a party. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3454. Required disclosures A. Legal counsel who enters into a litigation financing agreement must deliver a copy of the litigation financing agreement to all persons legal counsel is representing in the subject action within thirty days after the earlier of being retained as legal counsel or entering into the litigation financing agreement. B. Except as otherwise stipulated or ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction, a party to an action or the party's counsel of record, without awaiting a discovery request and within thirty days after commencement of the action, shall deliver a copy of the litigation financing agreement to all the following persons: 1. All parties to the action or to the parties' counsels of record. 2. The court, agency or tribunal in which the action is pending. 3. Any known person with a preexisting contractual obligation to indemnify or defend a party to the action, including an insurer providing indemnification or paying a party's defense costs. 4. For class actions, any member of the class on request. 5. For multidistrict litigation consolidated in this state, all legal counsel approved or appointed to a leadership position. C. Except as otherwise stipulated or ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction, a party to an action or the party's counsel of record, without awaiting a discovery request and within thirty days after commencement of the action, shall disclose in writing the existence and nature of any legal, financial or other relationship between legal counsel for the party to the action that is subject to a litigation financing agreement and the litigation financier to the persons listed in subsection b, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this section. D. In addition to the disclosures required by subsections B and C of this section and except as otherwise stipulated or ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction, a party to an action or the party's legal counsel of record, without awaiting a discovery request and within thirty days after commencement of the action, shall disclose in writing to the persons listed in subsection b, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this section and to the united states department of state and united states office of the attorney general the name, address and citizenship or country of incorporation or registration of any foreign person, foreign principal or sovereign wealth fund, other than the named parties or legal counsel of record: 1. That has a right to receive any payment that is contingent in any respect on the outcome of the action by settlement, judgment or otherwise, or on the outcome of any matter within a portfolio that includes the action and involves the same or affiliated legal counsel. 2. From which money that is used to satisfy any term of the litigation financing agreement has been or will be directly or indirectly sourced, in whole or in part. 3. That has received or is entitled to receive proprietary information or information affecting national security interests obtained as a result of the action. E. The disclosure obligations required by this section are continuing obligations and are triggered on any party or the party's legal counsel of record entering into a new litigation financing agreement or amending an existing litigation financing agreement. F. Prior to production of a litigation financing agreement in response to a discovery request, a party may request and a court must conduct an in camera review of any third party payor agreement to ascertain whether it is a litigation financing agreement. A party may redact any information that may identify the third-party payor before submitting the agreement for in camera review. If the court concludes that the agreement is a litigation financing agreement, a party may seek discovery of the litigation finance agreement and all parties to the litigation finance agreement. G. The disclosure obligations prescribed by this section apply to class actions and multidistrict litigation. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3455. Consumer protection from adverse determinations A. In any litigation financing agreement, a litigation financier must indemnify the funded consumers against any adverse costs, attorney fees, damages or sanctions that may be ordered or awarded in any action for which the litigation financier is providing litigation financing. B. Notwithstanding subsection a of this section, indemnification is not required for any adverse costs, attorney fees, damages or sanctions that result from the consumer's intentionally wrongful conduct. END_STATUTE START_STATUTE12-3456. Violations; enforcement A. A litigation financing agreement that is entered into in violation of this chapter is void. B. A litigation financier who violates section 12-3452, 12-3453 or 12-3455 commits an unlawful practice under section 44-1522. C. The court shall determine sanctions for any party that fails to make the disclosures required by section 12-3454. An evasive or incomplete disclosure shall be treated as a failure to make the required disclosure. END_STATUTE Sec. 2. Applicability This act applies to any civil action, administrative proceeding, claim or cause of action that is pending or commenced on or after the effective date of this act. Sec. 3. Effective date This act is effective from and after December 31, 2025. |
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